现代大学英语第一册教案自制详细Lesson 1.doc

现代大学英语精读1 Lesson OneLesson One Half a DayTeaching Procedure1. Warm-up Activities2. Background Information3. Text Appreciation4. Language Study5. Exercise. Warm-up ActivitiesDiscussion:1. On “First Day at School”Was it hard for you to leave home for the first time in your life?Who saw you off at the railway station?Who came to school with you?What did he/she say to you on the way?What do you think is the business of university? What do you expect to learn here?Did you feel you were a stranger the first day you arrived?Did you find the university just as you had imagined? In what way was it as you imagined, and in what way wasnt it?Were you disappointed when you found it wasnt as good as you had expected?Enjoy the poem:First Day at School Its hard to explain, the way I feel;A place unknown but is so real!A soft voice welcomes me to the place,I look up to see a ladys smiling face.Im led to a table that is covered with shapes,A young girl my age says Hi I am Grace,I am three, but soon will be four. I am a big girl and not afraid any more.I forever trying new things and learning everyday.And the best thing is I having fun while I play!Days go on and I encounter many new experiences and friends,I feel like Im on a roller coaster, which never seems to end.Today I wrote my name for the very first time,My teacher hugs me and gives the most gracious smile.I feel full of pride; confident I can do anything if I try.If you come to Kindy you are sure to find inside,Happy smiles from children that continually shine! Julie Mc Millan2. On the Change of a CityWatch the pictures and discuss:Does your hometown look like how it used to when you were in primary school?How much does your hometown change?How do you see these changes?. Background InformationAbout the author:Naguib MahfouzBorn: December 11, 1911Cairo, EgyptDied: August 30, 2006 (aged94) Cairo, EgyptOccupation: NovelistNationality: EgyptianNotable work(s): The Cairo TrilogyHe has been described as a Dickens of the Cairo cafs and the Balzac of Egypt. Dickens: English novelist, generally considered the greatest of theVictorian period. Dickens enjoyed unrivaled popularity and fame during his career, and he remains popular, being responsible for some of English literatures most iconic novels and characters.The Adventures of Oliver TwistDavid CopperfieldThe Cairo Trilogy in 1957 made him famous throughout the Arab world as a depicter of traditional urban life.Each book in the trilogy was named after a suburb of Cairo. The first, Palace Walk; The second, Palace of Desire; The third book, Sugar Street.Notable award(s): Nobel Prize in Literature (1988)/wiki/Naguib_MahfouzNaguib Mahfous was born in 1911 in a suburb a Cairo and was educated at the Secular University in that city. Mahfous is the first Arabic-language author awarded the Nobel Prize in literature (1988). “Half a Day” first appeared in The Time and the Place and Other Stories which was published in 1991 by the school press of American University in Cairo. Text Appreciation1. General UnderstandingPlot: a little boys first time to go to school Setting: on the way to school at school on the way home Protagonists: “I” the boy in the story2. Thematic AnalysisEverything is changing!1. All my clothes are new.2. School makes useful men out of boys.3. My misgivings had had no basis.4. Our path was not totally sweet and unclouded.5. The lady would sometimes smile, but yell and scold often. 6. The streets lined with the gardens disappeared.7. I turned out to be a grandpa.What changes are conveyed?changes on my partclothesmy view on schoolmy outer appearancechanges on other peoples partthe ladys attitude toward uschanges in the societythe street crowded with cars, high buildings, rubbish and childrenThe following are a few possible understandings of the message the story conveys. Which one do you agree with? Argue with your group partners.Time and tide wait for no man. Life is a tragedy. There is nothing permanent in life but change. Education can never keep up with changes in society. Life is short and time is precious. Life is a dream. Do not take anything seriously.Time goes by quickly and many things can take place in your lifetime. Before you know it, a new society is born.3. Text StructurePart 1 (paras.1-7 ) :The boys misgivings about school.Questions for Part 1: What does this part tell us about the boys relations with his parents?A: It seems that the boy was closer to his mother. Probably his mother was gentle while his father was strict.How did the boy see school?A: A punishment (P 4); a prison (P6); a dreadful placeRead the following suggestions made by the father. Which ones do you agree with and which ones not? Have you ever been given some suggestions by your parents when entering the university? List them out. School is a place that makes useful men out of boys. Dont you want to be useful like your brothers? Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others. Be a man. Today you truly begin life.A: Open.Part 2 (paras.8-16 ) : How the boy felt about schoolQuestions for Part 2: Did the boy change his attitude towards school after entering it?A: P 13. How many experiences did the boy tell us about the school life?A: P14.Part 3 (paras.17-20 ): Walking out of the school, he found time had changed everything.Questions for Part 3: What did he see on his way home?A: P17. How do you understand the ending? What is the effect of this writing strategy? Do you know any other novels/stories written with the same strategy?A: The protagonist returns after being absent for a short time to find everything changed beyond recognition.Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle. Rip was a simple good-natured man. One fine day he went with his dog to the mountains to hunt squirrels. He drank something a queer old man offered him, and fell fast asleep. When he woke up he found himself an old man and that great changes had occurred in his village during his absence. In the village inn the portrait of King George 3 had been replaced by one of General Washington. This technique is often used to emphasize rapid changes in society.贾奉雉from聊斋 贾奉雉才名冠世，考试却屡战屡败。朋友郎生，帮他记住许多自己看不起的文章，居然考了第一名。他觉得太惭愧了，于是看破世情。郎生便带他投到自己师父的门下学当神仙。尔后他因为不能忘怀妻子被逐出山门。回到家中，才发现已经过了一百多年，连孙子都五十多岁了，妻子一直沉睡到他回来才醒。家里败落得不成样子，孙子和后辈都穷而且没有文化，逐渐地，他们也不大愿意奉养照顾他了。贾奉雉又后悔又气愤，看到妻子挨饿，他只好重操旧业，通过科举考试，当了官。他为官清廉，官越做越大。可是，不肖的后人却假他的名义在乡里作威作福，以致他终于获罪。充军的路上，郎生开船来接引他们夫妻学仙去。4. Writing DevicesNow observe the following paragraph carefully. What strikes you most?I did not know what to say. The gate was now closed. Some of the children burst into tears. The bell rang. A lady came along, followed by a group of men. The men began sorting us into ranks. We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard surrounded by high buildings; from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. (Para. 11)The great use of short and simple sentences.More examples:I walked a few steps, then came to a startled halt. Good Lord! Where was the street lined with gardens? Where had it disappeared to? When did all these cars invade it? And when did all these people come to rest on its surface? How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its sides? And where were the fields that bordered it? High buildings had taken over, the street was full of children, and disturbing noises shook the air. (Para. 17)Good God! I was in a daze. My head spun. I almost went crazy. (Para. 18)Why did the author prefer to use short and simple sentences?Effects:1. the effect of one persons thoughts/thinking: echoing the style of the text (The story is told as a reflection. Thinking is sometimes disconnected.)2. the effect of rapid change of things and a feeling of confusion: echoing the theme of the textIn what cases should we use short sentences?The short sentence, ordinarily containing one concisely worded assertion, is good to give point and crispness to a thought. When you wish to make an important definition, statements of weighty truth, or an emphatic assertion, short sentences are often appropriate.The following short sentences are quotable, emphatic, and to the point:Economy is the art of making the most of life. G. B. ShawLove is as necessary to the human being as food and shelter. Language StudyPart 11. I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. (1)Paraphrase: I walked next to my father, holding his right hand.clutch: v. to hold sth. Tightly because you do not want to lose ite.g. Tom fell to the ground, clutching his stomach. A woman clutching a baby stole an elderly womans purse.synonym: grip, grasp, holdhold: to have sb./sth. In your hand or armse.g. They walked along the street, holding hands.grip: to hold on to sth very tightly with your hand.e.g. “Please dont go,” he said, gripping her arm.grasp: to take hold of sth firmly; the object of grasp is often sbs hand or wrist.e.g. He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.Kay grasped him by the wrist.(phr.v) clutch at sth.: try to seize sth. 试图抓住某物e.g. He clutched at the branch but couldnt reach it.(idm) clutch at a straw/straws: try to grasp a slight opportunity to escape, rescue sb, etc. in desperate circumstances 临危极力抓住渺茫的机会逃脱，救人等。e.g. A drowning man will clutch at a straw. (to try hard to find a sign of hope or a solution, even when they are not likely to exist in a difficult or dangerous situation)clutching: present participle as adverbial modifier, showing the manner in which the narrator walked.Other examples from the text:1. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. (2)2. “Im not punishing you,” he said, laughing. (4)3. The bell rang, announcing the passing of the day and the end of work. (17)2. uniform n. U,Ca special set of clothes which all members of a group wear, especially in a school, the army or police.e.g. a nurses uniform 护士服a school uniform 校服synonyms: clothes, clothing, garment, dress, costume, suitclothes: pl the thing that you wear, such as shirts, jackets, dresses and trousers: I bought some new clothes for the trip. Bring a change of clothes with you. You can change/put on/remove/take off your clothes, but these verbs do not collocate with the other words in this group, and it is even more common to say get changed/dressed/undressed.clothing: U (rather formal) clothes, especially a particular type of clothes: Please make sure you bring warm clothing.clothes or clothing?clothing is more formal than clothes and is used especially to mean “a particular type of clothes”. There is no singular form of clothes or clothing: a piece/ an item/ an article of clothing is used to talk about one thing that you wear such as a dress or shirt.garment: C (formal) a piece of clothing. Only be used in formal or literary contexts; in everyday contexts use a piece of clothing.dress U clothes, especially when worn in a particular style or for a particular occasion.costume C,U the clothes worn by people from a particular place or during a particular historical period: Some of the singers wore the Welsh national costume.3. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. (1)Paraphrase: But my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.The writer uses “to be thrown into school” to show that the little boy in the story didnt want to go to school. He was forced by his father to do so. This is not a common collocation. A common collocation with “to be thrown into (an unpleasant place)” is “to be thrown into prison/jail”.“As” introduces an adverbial clause of reason.the day More examples:1. The moment I saw him, I recognized he was the criminal the police were looking for.2. The year I was born, my father was wo rking towards a PhD degree.3. The day Hans Christian Andersen returned to his hometown, almost all the people turned out to greet him.4. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. (2) our progress: our slow and difficult movement towards the schoolfrom time to time: sometimes, but not very often.e.g. He goes to his grandparents from time to time, about five or six times a year.hoping she would help: hoping she would stop my father taking me to school, or talk to my father so that he would change his mind about sending me to school.Paraphrase: My mother stood at the window watching our slow and difficult movement towards the school, and I looked back at her frequently, hoping she would stop my father taking me to school.Grammar: 1. watching our progresshoping: present participle phrase, acting as adverbial of accompanying circumstancese.g. “Im not punishing you,” he said, laughing. (4)2. would to express past habitsOn Sundays he used to/would get up early and go fishing. He used to/would spend the whole day by the river and in the evening used to/would come home with marvellous stories of the fish he had nearly caught.Would与used to的区别：a. Used to可指过去的状态或情况，would则不能。如：School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny hed overcharged a customer.（不能用would）过去，学校的孩子们都知道亚伯拉罕林肯怎样步行5英里退还多收顾客1便士的故事。Yet，he cannot but remember China as it used to be. 然而，他不会不记得旧日的中国（不能用would）。b. Would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用 would，只能用 used to. 例如：And from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone. Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice.从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌一清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性）I used to live in Beijing 我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）c. Used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，would则表示有可能再发生。如： People used to believe that the earth was flat. 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为） He would go to the park as soon as he was free. 过去，他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去） to express a characteristic action, usually one which annoys the speaker Bill objects/objected.He would object! (He always objects.) to comment on a past action He actually got a job as an astrologer. I wouldnt have thought that it was possible to do that. to express past intention He knew he would be late. He said that he wouldnt lend me a penny. would think so/not Will it be expensive? I would think so./I should think it would. (= probably “Yes”) or: I wouldnt think so./I would think not. (= probably “No”)5. We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms. (2)a street lined with gardens = a street where there are gardens along both sideslined with: past participle phrase used here to modify “a street”. It can be regarded as a relative clause cut short, e.g.What is the language spoken in that area? = that is spokenThey are problems left over by history. = which have been leftParaphrase: We walked along a street, on both sides of which there are gardens and fields where crops, pears and date palms are planted. 6. “Why school?” I asked my father. “What have I done?” (3)“Why school?”: Elliptical question. Such questions are common in conversation.Other examples: Father: Well go to Tianjin this weekend.Daughter: What for? (Why this weekend?/Why Tianjin?) Hi! Morning! Got troubles? Sure have. Lost a friend? No, just tired. Up late last night? Yeah. Big party. “What have I done?”: rhetorical question: one that expresses strong feeling or opinion and doesnt require an answer. it is used to say something more positively than a statement would.Other examples: Dont you want to be useful like your brothers? (4)Cant you see Im busy? (Dont disturb me!)What good is a promise for an unemployed worker?Does nothing ever worry you? (I dont understand how you can be so carefree.)Paraphrase: Why do I have to go to school? I dont think Ive done anything wrong to be punished like this.7. Its a place that makes useful men out of boys. (4)to make (out) of sb./sth.: to make sb./sth become The army made a man of him. 军队把他培养成了个男子汉。 The four brothers all made a success of their lives.He said the Government were frightened of nothing. The real trouble was that we were making a mountain out of a molehill (小题大做).8. convince v. 1. sb/yourself (of sth) to make sb/yourself believe that sth is truee.g. I couldnt convince him of his mistake. How can I convince you of my sincerity? I managed to convince them that the story was true.adj.convinced (of sth/that) completely sure about sthI am convinced of her innocence.Im convinced that = I firmly believe thatconvincing that makes sb believe that sth is truea convincing argument/explanation/case 有说服力的论点、解释、事例9. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. (5)It is no good/use doing sthThere is no good to be had in doing sth.:It is not useful to do sth.e.g. Its no good crying over spitl milk. (proverb) 事已如此，后悔也没有用了。Tr: 如果你没有空闲时间，那么买一艘船是没有意义的。There is no good to be had in buying a boat when you dont have enough spare time to use it. to tear oneself/sb. away form: to (make sb.) leave a place unwillingly because one has toe.g. Can you tear yourself