音标记单词法.ppt.Convertor.doc

记单词的方法1音标记单词法/i: / e ee ea me meet tea /mi:/ /mi:t/ / i y hit /ht/ study /std/:/ ir ur er or shirt Thursday / er or o a sister doctor police ago/:/ al or au our small morning author four/D/ o a dog want wash /u:/ oo ue food blue/u/ u oo put look /:/ a ar plant far/ u o nut lunch come/e/ e ea egg bread breath/ a bag bad/ i y fine try/e/ a ai ay ey name plain play they/D/ oy oi boy soil/u/ o ow oa no grow coat/u/ ou ow house ground/ eer ear beer dear/e/ ear air ere pear hair there/u/ ure sure /p/ p pen map/b/ b bandage/t/ t teenager/d/ d danger/k/ k c ck king cake chicken /g/ g glad/s/ s c ce snow cinema nice/z/ z se zoo those/ sh ship show/ sion dicision conclusion/t/ ch chinese chair/d/ g ge gentle orange/f/ f ph foot phone paragraph/v/ v volleyball very/ th thing think/ th those /ts/ ts ants streets/dz/ ds beds/tr/ tr tree trip /dr/ dr driver drop /h/ h hot hit/r/ r red /l/ l line/m/ m mother/n/ n nod/ n ng thing long /j/ y yet/w/ w wh water what根据音标写单词/p:tmnt/bglu/knstrkn/b:bDp/t:t/prtekt/apartmentbungalowconstructionbarbershopchurchprotect2.逻辑记忆：通过词的本身的内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。(1)把几个字母看作一个整体来记， 如：ight light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight (2)加减一个字母或换一个字母变成另一个单词，如：bridge变成ridge （山脊）。expect变成expert，rob变成rib（肋骨）等。3 .联想记忆：由一个词想到有关的另一个词。 (1)（同义词联想：由wrong想到mistaken, 由bright想到smart, clever等。 (2).反义词联想：由lazy 想到hardworking, 由smart想到foolish. 4.构词记忆：利用构词法，通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。care-careful-carefully, care-careless-carelessly, like-dislike. black+board= blackboard,under+line=underline等。5.阅读记忆：通过阅读英语文章，做练习等巩固单词。 11118高中语法总复习 冠词冠词的基本用法：不定冠词a/an表不确指或泛指，an 用于读音是元音开头的词，a用于读音是辅音开头的词；定冠词the表确指或特指，用于第二次或第二次以后提到的事物；用于序数词前；用于最高级前；用于专有名词前；用于世界上独一无二名词前。一、用冠词填空。1. I know you dont like music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday? 2. Britain is _ European country and China is _ Asian country.3. China is _ old country with _ long history.4. I went to see_ English doctor yesterday. _doctor told me to take some medicine three times _ day. 5. March is _third month of the year.6. Einstein won _ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.7. What _ fine day it is today! Lets go out!8. Young people should show respect to _ old.9. What _ exciting way it is to shop on the Net!10. Tony is_ most attentive boy in my class. 时态和被动语态一、一般现在时的用法1、表示经常发生的动作，存在的状态或日常习惯。常与usually，every day ,often,always,sometimes 等连用。 I go to Britian every year. 2. 表示主语的性格，能力特征The students of the universities like English very much. My daughter sings very well. 3. 表示客观事时或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east 动词第三人称单数变化规则： 1）一般在词尾加s. work-works live-lives play-plays2）、以 sh. ch .s. o.结尾加-es wash-washes teach-teaches dress-dresses3）、以辐音自母加y结尾,变y为i加-es.study-studies fly-flies try-tries一般现在时的否定式1、在be动词后加notare not=arent is not=isnt2.主语+dont+动词原形。 主语+doesnt+动词原形Bill likes parties. Bill doesnt like partiesWe study English hard We dont study English hard.二、现在进行时1.用法： 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，与now, at present, at the moment等连用 。They are watching TV in the living room. now.He is listening to the radio at the moment. 2.构成 主语+be+现在分词现在分词的构成：1）、在动词原形后+ing. watch-watching talk-talking 2).重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这一字母+ing win-winning sit-sitting swim-swimming 3)以不发音e结尾， 去e+ing. give=-giving move-moving 三、一般过去时1、用法：表示过去某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, the day before yesterday, just now(刚才)，last week/month/year，an hour ago, a /week/month/moment ago等连用 。2、构成：主语+动词过去式3、过去式的构成.规则动词 1）. 在动词后+ed work-worked helphelped2）.辅音字母+ y 结尾,变y为i+ed study-studied try-tried3）.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这一辅音字母+edplan-planned admit-admitted4）.以不发音e结尾，+d arrive-arrived live-lived5）. 以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-edrefered - referred; prefer - preferred不规则动词变化，也有些规律可循。动词过去式、过去分词不规则变化如下四、过去进行时1、构成：was / were+现在分词 While we were having breakfast, John was talking on the phone.2、用法：1）、表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。What were you doing yesterday at 7:00 p.m？ 2）. 表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。When I came in , he was watching TV.五、现在完成时结构：have(has)+过去分词 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在产生的影响。I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) 2. 现在完成时 可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 3. 现在完成时常同already, yet, just, before, recently, lately（最近） ，so far（至今），up to now等连用 He has already obtained a scholarship. Peter has written six papers so far. 六、过去完成式过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成了的动作。强调“过去的过去”。 结构：主语+had+动词过去分词1 过去完成时的基本用法： （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”常与by, before， by the end of+表示过去的时间点连用。We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.I had finished the composition before supper.（2）表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。When I woke up it had already stopped raining.I had learned any English before I came here.（3）用于宾语从句或间接引语中I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission. He told me that he had passed the exam.七、一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week(month.),in a week(month.)等表将来的时间短语连用.1、will/shall+动词原形，如： Weshallhavealotofrainnextmonth.下个月将下很多雨。 2、begoingto+动词原形，主要表示打算和预测。如： Wearegoingto have a party tomorrow evening. (表打算) 3.用“beto+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令和禁止。如： Heistoleavefor Beijing4.用“beaboutto+动词原形”表示。表示即将要发生的事,不与将来的时间短语连用。如： Heisabouttoleave.他即将要离开。 Sitdown,everyone.Thefilmisabouttostart. 八、过去将来时 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情一、 构成：1. would+动动词原形They said it would be fine the next day.2. was (were) going to+动词原形I was going to leave when he came in. 他进来时我正要离开。She told me she was going to swim the next afternoon.一、用动词适当形式填空1. He _ back a month ago. (come) 2. My brother _(write) 5 novels by the end of last week.3. He _(keep) me waiting here for so long a time? 4. Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow. (be) 5. She _ to the Great Wall several times. (goes) 6. In his letter, he said that he _ us very much. (miss) 7. The film _on for 15 minutes when I got to the cinema. (be) 8. I _（tell） Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him. 9. Great changes _ in our country since 1978. (take place) 10. Allen _(live) in London 5 years ago 11. When I got home, I found somebody_（steal） many things.12. We _（play）football when it began to rain. We had to stop.13. Last night I _ back home until 10：00.(not go) 14. He told me that he _ the Great Wall the year before. (visit) 15. Ill tell him the news as soon as he _ back. (come) 16. There _ a physics test next Monday. (be) 17. John stopped to rest because he _ for three hours. (work) 18. Tom_(have) a MP419. He said that he _(stop) drinking the next week.20. My mother often _(fry) chicken.被动语态一、一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/am/are +过去分词+by（被）+人或物The windows are cleaned by the cleaner every week.用括号中的动词的适当形式填空1. The flowers_(water) by the girl every two weeks.2. The professor_(invite) to the party sometimes.二. 一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词+by（被）+人或物I was told the news by the boy just now.用括号中的动词的适当形式填空1. The boys hair _(cut) last week.2. The letter _(send) just now.三、现在进行时的被动语态结构：is/am/are +being+过去分词+by（被）+人或物I am being interviewed by a reporter now.用括号中的动词的适当形式填空1.The slide _(repair) at the moment.2.Listen!The song _(sing) by the students.四、一般将来时的被动语态结构：will + be +过去分词+by（被）+人或物The 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London用括号中的动词的适当形式填空1.The sports meeting _(hold) on Friday in our school.2.The new hospital _(build) next month.五、现在完成时的被动语态结构：have/has + been +过去分词+by（被）+人或物3500 new words have been remembered by li Ming already.用括号中的动词的适当形式填空1. 5 songs_(teach) since last year.2.The robber_(catch) already.六、过去完成时的被动语态结构：had+ been +过去分词+by（被）+人或物1000 new words had been remembered by li Ming before he came to our school.My composition had been finished when I left the classroom.用括号中的动词的适当形式填空1.By the end of last year 500 pigs _(raise) by the farmer.2.Before the thief ran away he _(catch) by the passers-by.用括号中的动词的适当形式填空。1 The naught boy _ (punish) by his father yesterday.2 English _ (use) widely in the world.3. The computer _(repair) already.4 . Look! The monkeys _(take) photos.5 .When she got to the shop ,she found her wallet _(steal) 定语从句 一、 概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，或整个句子。(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句三步走：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。二、 几个关系代词的基本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything that you like. which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人.。 whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人。whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。1. I like the students who/that work hard. 2. Hes a man whom we should learn from.3. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）4. Id like a room whose window faces south. 三、关系副词引导的定语从句:When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, year, month, etc.）I still remember the time when my brother joined the army.I shall never forget the day when ShenZhou was launched, which has a great effect on my life.Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where he used to live. 难点：先行词是地点名词，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。 This is the factory where he worked last year.（作状语）This is the park which they visited last year（作宾语）Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。The reason why he was absent was that he was ill. 四、几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:that & which:在定语从句中，指事物时，用which 或that，但有时不能互换。一）、用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.1.先行词为不定代词，如：all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等, 1).We should do all that is useful to the people .2).Theres nothing that can be said about it .2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no, very, one of等词修饰时。1）.The only thing that we could do was to wait.3、先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。1).This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.2) This is the first novel that I read.3、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。1）.This is the best thing that can be done now.4.先行词既有人又有物，用that。 1）.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .二）、用which而不宜用that 的情况:1、当关系代词的前面有介词时. 1）.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?2. 在非限制性定语从句中. 1）.Crusoes dog, which was devoted, became ill and died.2）.He failed in the exam，which made his parents angry.一、用关系代词或关系副词填空。1. This is the doctor _ saved the boys life .2.The girl_ is reading under the tree is my sister . 3. This is the only thing _ we can do now.4.She is the most beautiful girl _ Ive ever seen . 5.The man _we wanted to visit is an English artist.6.I know a lady _ husband is a Nobel prize winner . 7.He lives in the room_ window opens to the south . 8.The building_ stands near the river is our school . 9.Ill tell you everything_ that I know10.She gave her father all the money _ she earned .11.The year_ I joined the league was 1999.12.This is the school _ my father once worked . 13. The building _has been built for 50 years was blown down by the wind yesterday evening . 14. This is the 100th letter _ she has written to his parents15. Nobody knew the reason_ he dropped out of school.16.He bought some gifts for his son, _ make him happy.17.Tom was admitted into a University,_ satisfied his parents.18. He is looking forward to the moment _ hell see his son. 19.You are the only person_ witnessed the accident . 20.The Korean film was wonderful, _ we saw yesterday evening 名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。一) 、熟悉各类名词性从句1. Who will win the match is still unknown. (主语从句)2. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。(主语从句)3.This is where our problem lies. (表语从句)4.That is why he didnt come to the meeting. (表语从句)5. I cant understand why they insist on going there by motor-bike in such a rainy day.（宾语从句)6.The news that we won the game is exciting. （同位语语从句) 7.He had an idea that he pretended to be ill. （同位语语从句）二）、难点1连接词what与that的用法区别。引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如1）. What we cant get seems good.解析：从句缺乏宾语，what在主语从句中作宾语。2）. We wonder _what_caused the accident .解析：从句缺乏主语,what在宾语从句中作主语.3）That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.解析: that不充当任何成份，只起连接作用，句子本身不缺成分。4）Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel shows that our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.2、 连接词whether和if的用法区别。引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether不用if；引导宾语从句可用whether或 if。1）. Whether he will win the race is not known. 3、 Where, when, why，how，who，whom，whose，which，whatever等关联词引导的名词性从句。使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。例如：1）.This is why you had a few days off.2）. Do you remember how he came here? By car.4、 同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词(抽象名词)的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word，story等。例如： 1）.I know the fact that Bob often tells lies.2）.We are excited at the news that our experiment is successful.5形式主语有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下： （1） It + be + 名词 + that从句That I missed the concert is a pity.It is a pity that I missed the concert.（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句That we brush our teeth after meals is necessary. It is necessary that we brush our teeth after meals.（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句此类过去分词有:said, reported, believed, hoped, feared ,expected, suggested ,requested, advised等That China has sent up another spaceship is reportedIt is reported that China has sent up another spaceship.That he has been admitted into Beijing University is said It is said that he has been admitted into Beijing University.一、语法填空。1We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. 2. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.3. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.4. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. 5. _ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.6. After Yang Li Wei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space. 7. One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 8. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. 9. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done. 10. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn fromothers. 11._isapitythatheshouldfeelsoupset. 12. The idea _ all people are selfish is wrong. 13. _made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 倒装句 部分倒装是指将be或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的没有be或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 So proud was he that he never listened to any advice. 用法 一) .句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until ，not only 等。 1. You will never find the answer to this question. Never will you find the answer to this question. 2. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. 二)、only状语，