15多式联运.doc

一、多式联运的定义(考试重点) 英文原文：Multimodal transport refers to a transport system usually operated by a carrier with more than one mode of transport under the control or ownership of one operator. (多式联运的定义，掌握)注释：multimodal transport: 多式联运 refer to: 查阅，提到，谈到 transport system: 运输系统，运输方法 operate: 营运 carrier: 承运人 mode: 模式，方式，样式 control: 控制 ownership: 所有权，物主身份 operator: 营运人中文意思：多式联运是指由一个多式联运经营人控制或拥有由一个承运人运营的使用不止一个运输方式的运输系统。历年考题：Multimodal transport refers to a transport system usually operated by a carrier with more than one mode of transport under the control or ownership of one operator. ( ) 2004年判断题答案：对分析：本题是考试多式联运的概念，多式联运是指由一个多式联运经营人控制或所有由一个承运人运营的使用两种以上的运输方式的运输系统。英文原文：Goods moving in international trade often have to pass through the hands of more than one carrier and utilize more than one mode of transport.注释：international trade: 国际贸易 pass through: 经过，通过 utilize: 使用中文意思：货物运输在国际贸易中通常会经手几个承运人并且要使用多个运输方式才能完成。英文原文：Under the conventional system of segmented transport, the consignor enters into separate contracts with each carrier, the liability of each carrier being limited to the carriage performed by him.注释：conventional: 常规的，传统的，惯例的 segmented transport: 分段运输(segmented: 分段的，区段的) consignor: 托运人，发货人 enter into separate contracts: 签订不同的合同(enter into: 缔结 separate: 分开的，不同的) liability: 责任，义务 be limited to: 受.限制，限制于. perform: 履行，执行中文意思：在传统的分段运输中，发货人/托运人需要与每个区段的承运人签订不同的运输合同，各区段承运人所承担的责任又受限于该承运人实际履行的情况。英文原文：The consignor or his agent has to also attend to other matters, including, if necessary, warehousing of the goods at any transshipment point.注释：attend to: 专心，注意，照顾 if necessary: 如果必要 warehousing: 仓库费 transshipment point: 在这里是指“货物的转运点”二、多式联运的优势(考试重点)多式联运有下面六个优势：1. Minimizing time loss at transshipment points 多式联运将货物在转运地损失的时间减到最小。(注释：minimize: 将.减到最小;最小化 time loss: 时间的损失)英文原文：Multimodal transport, which is planned and coordinated as a single operation, minimizes the loss of time and the risk of loss, pilferage and damage to cargo at transshipment points.注释：plan: 计划，规划 coordinate: 协调，调整 single:单独的，唯一的，单式的 operation: 操作，营运 risk of loss: 灭失的风险 pilferage: 行窃，偷盗 damage to cargo: 货物的损害中文意思：多式联运是单独营运计划协调的，大大减少了货物在转运地时时间上的损失以及灭失的风险，盗窃和货物的损害。英文原文：A multimodal transport operator maintains his own communication links and co-ordinates interchange and onward carriage smoothly at transshipment points.注释：multimodal transport operator: 多式联运经营人 maintain: 保持，维持，供养 communication link: 通信线路，通信连接装置(communication: 通讯，通讯系统;联系方法 link: 联合，联系人，中继线，网络节，连接物)co-ordinate: 统筹onward: 向前的，往前的 smoothly: 平稳地，顺利地中文意思：多式联运经营人在转运点有自己的通讯线路，统筹转运点顺利转运和下一阶段运输。2.Providing faster transit of goods 多式联运提供更快捷的货物运输方式。 (注释：provide: 提供 faster:更快的 transit of goods: 货物的运输)英文原文：The faster transit of goods made possible under multimodal transport reduces the disadvantages of distance from markets and the tying-up of capital.注释：make possible: 使变成可能 reduce: 减少，缩小，简化 disadvantage:不便，不利，缺陷，缺点 distance: 距离，远离，一长段时间 tying-up of capital: 资金紧张中文意思：更快捷的运输可以减少市场距离相隔较远和资金紧张带来的不利因素。3.Reducing the burden of documentation and formalities 减少了文件和手续上的复杂性。英文原文：The burden of documentation and other formalities connected with segmented transport is reduced to a minimum.注释：burden: 负担，麻烦 documentation: 文件 formality: 程序，手续 minimum: 最小值，最小化4.Saving cost 节约成本 英文原文：The savings in costs resulting from these advantages are usually reflected in the through freight rates charged by the multimodal transport operator and also in the cost of cargo insurance.注释：result from: 由产生 advantage: 利益，便利，益处 usually: 通常，经常 reflect: 反映，表现 through freight rates: 联运运费 cost of cargo insurance: 货物保险费中文意思：多式联运可以节约运输成本，这是由于它在费用方面占有优势，这些优势表现在多式联运人收取的联运运费和货物的保险费较低。5. Establishing only one agency to deal with. 仅与一个代理接洽 (注释：deal with: 处理，打交道)英文原文：The consignor has to deal with only the multimodal transport operator in all matters relating to the transportation of his goods, including the settlement of claims for loss of goods, or damage to them, or delay in delivery at destination.注释：have/has to: 必须,不得不 matter: 问题，麻烦，事件 relate to: 与相关联 settlement of claims: 索赔的处理 delay in delivery: 延迟交货中文意思：托运人只与多式联运经营人联系处理所有与货物运输相关的问题，包括货物灭失，或者损失以及在目的地延迟交货所带来的索赔的处理。6.Reducing cost of exports 减少出口成本英文原文：The inherent advantages of multimodal transport system will help to reduce the cost of exports and improve their competitive position in the international market.注释：inherent: 内在的，固有的 help to: 有助于，促进 improve: 改善，改进 competitive position: 竞争能力，竞争地位 international market: 国际市场中文意思：多式联运系统内在的优势有利于降低出口成本和增强其在国际市场上的竞争能力。历年考题：1) Multimodal transport has the advantages such as ( ) 2004年多选题A. providing faster transit of goodsB. reducing cost of exportsC. saving costsD. reducing the burden of documentation and formalities答案: ABCD分析：多式联运的优点有可减少损失，快捷，降低运输成本，出口成本以及简便手续。本题是考试国际多式联运有哪些方面的优势。2) One of the advantages in the multimodal transport is to provide faster transit of goods. ( ) 2004年判断题答案：对分析：本题是考是国际多式联运多个优势的其中一个优势，就是可以提供更为快捷的运输方式。因此答案是正确的。3) One of the advantages in the multimodal transport is to minimize time loss at transshipment point. ( ) 2006年判断题答案：正确分析：多式联运其中的一个优势特点是将货物在转运点的损失降到最小化，这道题是考试多式联运的优势。英文原文：Currently, different types of multimodal transport operations involving different combinations are taking place. These are sea/air, air/road, rail/road/inland waterways-sea-rail/road/inland waterways, mini-bridge, land bridge, piggyback and sea train.注释：currently: 普遍地, 通常地, 现在, 当前 different types: 不同类型，不同形式 involve: 包括 combination: 结合，联合，组合 take place: 发生 inland waterway: 内陆水路运输 mini-bridge: 小陆桥运输 land bridge: 陆桥运输 piggyback: 驮运联运 sea train: 火车车厢运输船中文意思：当前，不同类型的多式联运营运包括了不同类型的运输组合方式。这些方式有海运/空运，空运/公路运输，铁路运输/公路运输/内陆水路运输-海运-铁路运输/公路运输/内陆水路运输，小陆桥运输，陆桥运输，驮运联运和火车车厢运输船。1、Sea/air 海/空联合运输英文原文：Sea/air combines in itself the economy of sea transport and the speed of air transport.注释：combine: (使)联合，(使)结合 economy: 组织，经济，经济实惠中文意思：海空联运结合了海运的经济实惠和空运快速的特点。英文原文：The economics of this combination mode favor high value items like electronics, electrical goods, computers and photographic equipment.注释：economics: 经济效果，经济学 combination mode: 组合模式 favor: 喜欢，支持，照顾 high value item: 高等价值物品 electronics: 电子学，电子工业 electrical: 与电有关的，有关电的，电的 computer: 计算机 photographic: 摄影的，照相的 equipment: 器材，设备中文意思：这种组合运输模式适合运输诸如电子电器产品、计算机和照相设备等高价值的物品。2、Air/road 空运/公路联合运输英文原文：In air/road, road transport is now being increasingly used for trucking air freight over long distances, sometimes across national boundaries, to connect with the main bases of airlines operating long haul services such as transpacific, transatlantic and intercontinental.注释：increasingly: 越来越(多)地，逐渐增加地，日益地 trucking：货车运输 sometimes: 不时，有时 across: 穿越，穿过 national boundary:国界 (boundary: 界线，边界)connect with: 连接，联络 main: 主要的，重要的 base: 根据地，基地，本部 long haul: 长途运输 transpacific: 横渡太平洋的，太平洋彼岸的 transatlantic: 大西洋彼岸的，横渡大西洋的 intercontinental: 洲际间的，大陆间的中文意思：在空运/公路联合运输中，公路运输现在越来越多地被用于远距离的货车空运运输中，有时需要穿过国界，与主要的航空公司基地联系提供长途运输服务，像横渡太平洋，横渡大西洋以及洲际间的运输英文原文：Rail/road/inland waterways-sea-rail/road/inland waterways mode is in common use when goods have to be moved by sea from one country to another and one or more inland modes of transport such as rail, road or inland waterways have to be used for moving goods from an inland center to the seaport in the country of origin or from the seaport to an inland center in the country of destination.注释：common: 普通的，一般的，流行的 inland center: 内陆中心 seaport: 海港，海港城市 country of origin: 原产国，起运国 country of destination: 目的地国家中文意思：铁路/公路/内陆水路-海运-铁路/公路/内陆水路联合运输方式通常用于当货物需要通过海运从一个国家运输到另外一个国家，并且货物从内陆中心运输至原产地港口或者从港口运至目的地国家的一个内陆中心采用一个或者更多的内陆运输方式，如铁路，公路或者内陆水路运输等方式。4、Mini-bridge 小陆桥运输英文原文：Mini-bridge involves the movement of containers, under a through bill of lading issued by an ocean carrier, by a vessel from a port in one country to a port in another country and then by rail to a second port city in the second country, terminating at the rail carriers terminal in the second port city.注释：movement of container: 集装箱运输 through bill of lading: 多式联运提单，联运提单 ocean carrier: 海运承运人 vessel: 船舶 terminate: 停止，结束，终止 rail carrier: 铁路承运人 terminal: 终点站，总站中文意思：小陆桥运输涉及集装箱运输，是由海运承运人签发多式联运提单，通过船舶将货物从一个国家的港口运往另外一个国家的港口并且再通过铁路运输运往二级国家的二级港口城市，在二级港口城市的铁路承运人终点站截止。5、Land bridge 陆桥运输英文原文：A Land bridge system concerns itself with shipment of containers overland as a part of a sea-land or a sea-land-sea route. In this case, the railways are paid a flat rate by the ocean carrier who issues the through bill of lading. This system is in operation for the movement of containers on certain important international routes.注释：concern: 关心，从事，参与 shipment: (船)运输 overland: 陆路的，陆上的，经陆路的 sealand: 海陆的 in this case: 在这种情况下 railway: 铁路，铁道 flat rate: 统一费用 certain: 某一个，确定的 international routes: 国际航线中文意思：陆桥运输系统用于海陆或者海-陆-海路线部分的陆路集装箱运输。在这种情况下，海运承运人支付含铁路运输部分的统一运费并签发联运提单。这一运输系统主要用于某一个特定的重要的国际航线的集装箱运输。历年考题：( )system concerns itself with shipment of containers overland as a part of a sealand or a sea-land-sea route. 2004年单选题A. Sea/airB. Land bridgeC. Rail/roadD. Piggyback答案：B分析：本题是考试对各种不同类型的国际多式联运方式的内容，而其中陆桥运输(Land bridge)是利用横跨大陆的铁路作为中间桥梁，把大陆两端的海洋连接起来组成一个海陆海的连贯运输方式，因此只有陆桥运输(Land bridge) 系统是用于海陆或者海-陆-海路线部分的陆路集装箱运输。6、Piggyback 驮运联运 英文原文：Piggyback is a system of unitized multimodal land transportation of transport by road and rail. It combines in itself the speed and reliability of rail on long truck hauls with door-to-door flexibility of road transport for collection and delivery.注释：unitized: 组成的, 合成的, 成套的, 成组的, 组合的 land transportation: 陆上运输 reliabi