Part3语法.doc

Part3 语法-导学案一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点:概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。二、过去完成时的判断依据:1. 由时间状语来判定：一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： (1) by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. (2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3) before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定：过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。这种用法常出现在： (1) 宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： 1. She said that she had seen the film before. 2. He thought he had passed the exam.3. He asked who had broken the window.(2) 状语从句中: 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中。 1. When I got to the station, the train had already left. 2. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. (3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能1.We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.2.We had intended to attend your wedding, but my daughter was ill.3. 根据上、下文来判定。 1. I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he came to Beijing.2. I was very sad at his death. We had been good friends since our childhood.4.用于一些固定的句型中Hardlywhen No soonerthan刚(一)就1. Hardly had he begun to speak when the others interrupted him.2. No sooner had they got to the factory than they started to work.三.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： 1. I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。2. I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。3. Im sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在4. John returned home yesterday. Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？（使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”） 五.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，使用时应注意以下几点： 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较： 他们昨天十点前就到车站了。They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 他们昨天十点到了车站。They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。如： 他进入房间，打开灯，看晚报。He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 练一练(1)The police found that the house _and a lot of things_A. has broken into, has been stolenB. had broken into, had been stolenC. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into, stolen(2)By the end of this century, we_ ours into a strong modern country.A. will build B. had built C. have built D. will have built(3)We _the work by six yesterday evening.A. finished B.would finish C. had finished D. had been finished(4)I _to help you but couldnt get here in time.A. want B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was wanting (5) Mrs. Wu told me that her sister_.A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours beforeC. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours before(6)When I reached home, my parents _their supper.A.are having B.have already hadC.have had D. had already had(7)It seems that the old man _something important.A.has lost B. had lost C. lost D. would lose(8)She _in this school _the past ten years.A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, sinceC.would teach, for D. has been teaching, for(9)Did you see Xiao Li at the party? No, _by the time I arrived.A.shed left B.shes left C. She was left D.she must leave (10)The job proved to be much more difficult than I_.A. expect B.expected C. would expect D.had expected (11)We couldnt catch up with the others because they _too long before us.A.started B.were starting C.have started D.had started(12)She felt anxious about her son as she _for quite a long time.A.havent heard him B. hadnt heard himC.havent heard from him D. hadnt heard from him(13)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners_.A. had seated B. were seated C. seated D. were seating (14)By the end of next July this building_.A. will be finished B. will have finishedC. will have been finished D. had been finished(15)By the time the war _, most of the people had left.A.was began B. was broken outC.broke out D. had been broken out(16)If she _harder, she would have succeeded.A. had worked B. have worked C. should work D. worked(17)I wish _I you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see(18)He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A. had been B.has been C. was D. been (19)That dinner was the most expensive meal we_.A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had(20)When Jack arrived he learned Mary _for almost an hour.A. had gone B. had set of C. had left D. had been away21I lost the book I Ahave bought Bbought Chad bought Dhad been bought22The bus had gone when I at the bus stopAhave arrived Barrived Chad arrived Dam arriving23Tom of visiting his grandmother，but the bad but the bad weather made him change his miAhas thought Bthought Chad thought Dhad been thought24Did you meet Tom at the airport？No，he by the time I thereAhas left；got Bhad left；arrivedCleft；arrived Dleft；had got25Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday？He BeijingAhas gone to Bhad gone to Cwent to Dhad been to26I to come to