新概念英语第3册语法精粹+课本课后习题答案.pdf

新概念第三册 语法精粹 1 新概念第三册语法精粹新概念第三册语法精粹 第一章第一章 英语从句英语从句 SubordinationSubordinationSubordinationSubordination 英语从句主要有定语从句 状语从句和名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 一 定语从句一 定语从句 1 定语从句 由关系代词 who whom whose that which 关系副词 when where why 引导 下面十个句子请读 5 遍并脱口译出 1 The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week 2 The man whom you spoke to just now is my friend 3 The building whose lights are on is beautiful 4 Please find a place which we can have a private talk in 5 The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg 6 He still remembers the day when he went to school 7 It is no need telling us the reason why you didn t finish it in time 8 He has three sons two of whom died in the war 9 Mr Smith whose wife is a clerk teaches us English 10 In the Sunday paper there are comics which children enjoy 2 只能用 that 和 who 引导的定语从句 A all nothing anything a few one 做先行词指物时 B 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时 后面常跟 that 而不是 which C 先行词前有 the only the first the last the next the very 等词修饰时 引导词只能用 that D 当先行词是 anyone anybody everyone everybody someone somebody 时 后面要用 who 或 whom All that glitters is not gold 闪光的并非都是金子 3 as 引导定语从句 as 引导的定语从句有两种形式 A 引导限制性语从句 在此类定语从句中 as 常与主语中作为其先行词的 such the same 或 as 联用构成 such as the same as 和 as as 句型 可代替先行词 例如 Wehope to get such a tool as he is using 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具 B as 引导非限制性定语从句时 作用与 which 相同 as 作为关系代词代替整个主句 这是语法考试的一个考点 注意区别 as 引导的从句用于句首 句中或句后 而 which 引导的定语从句不能放在句首 例如 As is reported a foreign delegation will visit the city 据报道 一个外国代表团将访问这个城市 二 状语从句二 状语从句 超级作文联接词及词组 全部拿下 新概念第三册 语法精粹 2 原因 because since now that 既然 as for this reason 结果 so that so therefore consequently so as to as a result 时间 after before when while as until as soon as since by the time once lately presently shortly after currently at present nowadays 条件 if only if once unless in the event that in case that provided that on the condition that etc 让步 though although even though if no matter what how when whatever however whenever 目的 in order that in order to to 比较 than as as by comparison 相比较 by contrast 相对照 三 名词性从句三 名词性从句 王牌要点 通常由 that 或疑问词导出 1 How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know 主语从句 2 The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case 宾语从句 3 The problem is what we ll do next 表语从句 4 Wehave no idea that he has come back 同位语从句 同位语 Appositive 同位语是英语语法的重点内容 也是各类考试中的一个考点 同时 在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句 型更加简洁得体 新概念英语 第三册第一课有这样一个句子 When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty five miles south of London they were not taken seriously 当伦敦动物园接到报告说 在伦敦以南 45 英里处发现一只美洲狮时 这些报告并没有受到重视 在这里 a wild puma had been spotted forty five miles south of London 就是同位语从句 它本来应该放在 reports 后面 这里却被放在了谓语成分 came into London zoo 的后面 目的是让句型显得更为稳重 I 简单记忆 同位语从句 就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子 I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday that 引导的句子解释了 news 的内容 注意 that 不做任何成分 Wehave to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad that 引导的句子解释了 fact 的内容 II 联想记忆 能接同位词从句的名词有 belief 信仰 fact idea doubt rumor 谣言 evidence 证据 conclusion 结论 suggestion 建议 problem order answer discovery 发 现 explanation 解释 principle 原则 possibility 可能性 truth promise 承诺 report 报告 statement 声明 knowledge 知识 opinion 观 点 likelihood 可能性 大声朗读三遍 背下即可 III 王牌要点 同位语一般由 that 引导 但也可以用关系代词 which who what 和关系副词 when where why how 或 whether 引导 There arouse the question whether we could win the game I have no idea howto explain it 新概念第三册 语法精粹 3 一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句 非常经典之功能句式 可用于四六级和托福作文 不妨一试 on the assumption 在 前提下 on the ground 由于 原因 on the condition that 在 条件下 with the exception 有 例外 owing to the fact 由于 事实 on the understanding 基于 理解 The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa 那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头 条件是他给她买一幢别墅 IV 分隔式同位语从句 为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻 有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾 读两遍此定义 然后看倒句 An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie Titanic V 同位语从句与定语从句之区别 简单记忆 定语从句的引导词 that 或 which 在句子中用作主语或宾语 而同位语从句的引导词 that 只起连 接主句和从句之作用 不用作任何成分 示例 I ve got an answer thatAis right 同位语从句 that 不做成分 I ve got an answer that surprised me a lot 定语从句 that 做定语从句的主语 VI 王牌重点 可以充当同位语的词组或短语 1 名词短语 使句型更为简洁 Bill Clinton the president of America came to China to pay an official visit in 1998 Lu Xun one of the greatest essayists in China played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history 2 动名词词组亦可用作同位语 别忘了加逗号 使句型更为流畅 I m crazy about the game playing baseball Going to concert that sounds a great idea 3 不定式短语 陌生只是掌握的开始 The problem what to do next remains unsolved Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie 4 形容词词组 有逗号隔开 All the workers young or old should be treated equally Young man short or tall should have the right to take the opportunity VII 同位语的引导词 重要 这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分 引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系 1 namely that it is that is to say 也就是说 in other words 换句话说 or for short 表示等同关系 2 such as say so to speak 譬如说 including 包括 for instance 或 for example e g eg 表示举例 和列举关系 3 especially mostly chiefly or better in particular particularly 表示突出重点 在高难度阅读中表示后面的部 分为更重要或更突出的部分 是出题的关键点 新概念第三册 语法精粹 4 测试精编 I 选择正确选项 1 all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists A NearlyB That nearly C It is nearlyD When nearly 2 The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware she had gone A where thatB of where C of the place whereD the place 3 Susan hasn t written us for a long time What do you suppose to her A that happenedB happened C to happenD having happened 4 May I have the loan you offer good security A ButB UnlessC ProvidedD But for 5 Gorillas are quiet animals they are able to make about twenty different sounds A howB in spite ofC because ofD even though 6 The little White House in warm springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin D Roosevelt there on April 12 1945 A who diedB diedC while diedD he died 7 Essentially a theory is an abstract symbolic representation of reality A what it is conceivedB that is conceived C what is conceived to beD that is being conceived of 8 Seeds usually germinate the temperature is favorable A ifB whereasC as a resultD in consequences 9 Francis Preston Blair Jr born in Kentucky lived and practiced in Missouri A wasB he wasC althoughD who he was 10 work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form A They occur where they areB Occurring where C Where they occurD Where do they occur 第二章第二章 虚拟语气虚拟语气 THETHETHETHE SUBJUNCTIVESUBJUNCTIVESUBJUNCTIVESUBJUNCTIVE MOODMOODMOODMOOD 虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望 与事实相反的假设 通常分为基本的三种形式 1 与现在事实相反的虚拟 If did were would should could do 动词原形 might If I were you I would go abroad at once I am not you If he knew it now he could help me He doesn t know it now 2 与过去事实相反的虚拟 If had done would might have done If I had known your telephone number yesterday I would have phoned you 新概念第三册 语法精粹 5 I didn t know your telephone number If you had come here a littleearlier just now you might have met her You didn t come here earlier 3 与将来事实相反的虚拟 1 If should v would v 可能性很小 译作 万一 If it should rain tomorrow you could stay at home If I should fail what should Ido 2 If did were to v would v 完全不可能 If the sun were to rise in the west I would lend you the money If you finished it in 3 minutes I would give you my car 4 金牌特殊重点 简单联想记忆 下列动词后的 宾语从句 中需要用虚拟形式 即 should 动词原形 shoud 在美国英语中要省略 TOEFL 语法考点 此类常见的动词有 order ask decide demand require recommend suggest 建议 insist 坚决要求 advise etc 例句 He suggested that we should help them with English The teacher ordered that the homework should be finished within half an hour 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用 should 动词原形 should 可省去 的虚拟 suggestion order request demand importance proposal He made a suggestion that we should have a fancy dress party I think it is a thing of importance that it should be done soon It is was important necessary natural essential advisable strange surprising ect that 主语 should v It is strange that you should say such a thing It was important that you should tell me all the information wish 后的宾语从句中 as if 后的状语从句中 须用下列的虚拟形式 主 wish that 主 did were 指现在 haddone 指过去 would v 指将来 Iwishthat I met my uncle now IwishI had met my uncle yesterday IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow It is high time that did were It is time that you went to bed would rather that did were I would rather that you were not here now would sooner that did were I would sooner that you got up earlier 新概念第三册 语法精粹 6 I would sooner that you were not my brother 测试精编 I 选择正确选项 1 I he had taught me the word but he didn t A believeB hopeC wishD think 2 The man in charge recommends that this matter at the meeting A would be discussed B will be discussed C be discussedD may be discussed 3 It is raining now otherwise we go out play A couldB canC mayD will 4 he come late give him the message A HadB ShouldC WouldD Did 5 Hadn t my car broke down I the train A would have caughtB might catchC could catchD would catch 6 I would have helped him if I had time but I A haven tB hadC didn tD wouldn t 7 The dam was built in time to protect the inhabitants from the flood A otherwise the damage would be beyond measure B the damage otherwise should be very great C the damage could have been very serious otherwise D the damage caused therefore many of them homeless 8 It is natural that an employee his work on time A finishesB finishC can finishD finishs 9 I would go abroad but that I poor A amB wasC shall beD were 10 Don t act as if you the only pebble on the beach A areB wereC have beenD would be 第三章第三章 代替与省略代替与省略 SUBSTITUTIONANDSUBSTITUTIONANDSUBSTITUTIONANDSUBSTITUTIONAND OMISSIONOMISSIONOMISSIONOMISSION 英语中 为了避免不必要的重复 经常用 so not to do does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容 如 He translated the article better than I did did 代替 wrote it Doyou think she isclever I think so so 代替 she is clever 1 从上两例中看出 do does did 代替动词 2 so 与 not 代替某个词 短语 句子等 通常用于 hope think believe expect suppose be afraid fear imagine etc 后作宾语 E g Is it correct I m afraid not not correct 3 to 用作不定式 常跟随下列动词 want mean hope expect refuse seem intend be afraid etc E g I asked him to go to the party but he refused to go to the party 4 do so do that do it 用来代替动态动词 而不能代静态动词 Eg He gave up studying English Why did he do so give up studying English 新概念第三册 语法精粹 7 The dish tastes nice Yes so it does tastes nice 此句不能用 it does it 或 it does so 因 taste 属静态动词 5 为使语言精炼 避免不必要的重复 对话中常用省略形式 E g He is thinking of buying a car Is he 这里 thinking of buying a car 被省略了 Will he come back in time Perhaps 省略了 he will come back in time 测试精编 I 选择正确答案 1 Shall I wake you up tomorrow Yes A please doB you shall C you willD you may 2 I think records are often an actual performance A as good as or better thanB as good or better than C like good or better thanD as good as any other 3 If he doesn t come to work he may be fired Surely he isn t so foolish not to realize that A soB andC butD as 4 Don t you thinkAlan s health has beenruined by smoking Yes he told me himself A the factB this thingC ItD so 5 Will you go home tomorrowevening No I m going to a lecture or at least I m planning A onB toC soD It 6 I slipped on the stairs I think my arm is broken Oh I A do not hope soB do not hopeC hope not soD hope not 7 California relies mainly on income from fruit crops and A Florida alsoB Florida too C Florida is as wellD so does Florida 8 Have you been here long A No not veryB Not much C Yes only littleD No only yesterday 9 Youlook happy today Mary I like my new dress and mother too A doesB likesC isD do 10 So you are lost little boy Why didn t you hang on to your mother s skirt but I couldn t reach it A I hanged toB I did to C I didn t hang toD I tried to 第四章第四章 倒倒装装 INVERSIONINVERSIONINVERSIONINVERSION 根据语法要求 把谓语动词置于主语前 称为完全倒装 把助动词或情态动词置于主语前 称为部分倒装 新概念第三册 语法精粹 8 1 副词如 in out down there here off over away etc 句子倒装 完全倒装 但主语不能是代词 Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor In came Miss Green 特别注意 当主语是人称代词时不倒装 Away she went 她走了 Here you are 你在这儿 2 only 副词 介词短语 位于句首 句子要倒装 Only then did he realize that he was mistaken Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything 3 well so often such few little 放于句首 句子形成倒装 So fine was the weather that we all went out lying in the sun Well did I know him and well did he know me 4 否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时 句子须倒装 此类词有 neither nor hardly scarcely rarely seldom not never not only barely at no time nowhere 等 e g Jack could not swim Neither could Tom Never have I seen such a good movie 5 as 引导让步状语从句 须倒装 准确地说 是将需要强调的词提到 as 的前面 Rich as he is he spends a cent on charity Try as he does he never seems able to do the work beautifully 6 在表示祝愿的句子中 May you make greater progress 愿你取得更大进步 7 在虚拟条件句中 连词 if 省略时 句型要倒装 即将 were had should 等词提到句首 Were I you I would go abroad to take advanced study 我要是你 就出国进修了 Should he come tomorrow he would help us to settle the problem 他要是明天来的话 他会帮我们解决这个问题的 8 百分特例重点 Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste we are no longer free to choose the things we want NCE Book III Lesson 26 尽管我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力感到自豪 但我们已经无法自由地选择我们所需要的东西了 测试精编 I 选择正确选项 1 Not until the mid nineteenth century discovery of vast deposits of borate s in the Majave Desert relatively common A borax became B did borax become C and borax become D borax s becoming 2 received law degrees as today A Never so many women have B Never have so many women C The women aren t ever D Women who have never 3 the Bob s belongings that he carried them in a bundle slung over his shoulders A Were so fewB Few were so 新概念第三册 语法精粹 9 C So few wereD They were so few 4 Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother to swim A how will it learnB will it learn how C it will learn howD and it learns how 5 Not only a promise but he also kept it A did he madeB he made C did he makeD he makes 6 Nowhere in the world A travelers can buy so much beauty for so little as in Hawaii B no one can buy so much beauty for so little money as Hawaii C so much beauty can be bought for so little money in Hawaii D can travelers buy so much beauty for so little money as in Hawaii 7 No sooner gone home than it began to rain heavily A had IB have IC I hadD I have 8 Not for a moment the truth of your story A he has doubtedB he doubts C did he doubtD he did doubt 9 succeed in doing anything A Only by working hard we can B By only working hard we can C Only by working hard can we D Only we can work hard 10 Never before in similar circumstances A a British Prime Minister had refused to step down B did a British Prime Minister have refused to step down C a British Prime Minister did have refused to step down D had a British Prime Minister refused to step down 11 People might avoid many accidents these methods been adopted before A thatB wereC haveD had 12 arose the problem that the boy will never overcome the great difficulties A ItB ThisC HereD Those 第五章第五章 形容词形容词 ADJECTIVESADJECTIVESADJECTIVESADJECTIVES 定义 形容词是用来修饰名词的词 描述名词的性质 外观 特点等 功能 形容词可以做定语 表语或补助语 分类 主要分为两类 描绘性形容词和限定性形容词 描绘性形容词主要用来描绘大 小 新旧 颜色 质量等 限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰词的数量 距离及范围所属等 1 当形容词修饰单数可数名词时 必须与冠词连用 a lovely girl the naughty boy 2 形容词可与系动词连用 做表语 说明主语的性状 常用系动词有 be become seem appear feel look taste smell sound remain go turn keep stay etc The dish tastes delicious The music sounds sweet The milk went bad 新概念第三册 语法精粹 10 小心陷阱feel smell taste look keep 有时可以用作实义动词 并可以用副词修饰 He looked me up and down carefully I tasted the soup slowly to see whether it was salty 3 形容词用作后置定语 简单理解 一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面 但有些形容词修饰名词时放在名 词的后面 a river navigable 一条可通航的河 sight visible 可见的景象 person responsible 负责人 注意 responsible person 有责任心的人 the best way possible 尽可能好的办法 the number necessary 必要的数量 the people present 在场的人 4 只能作表语的形容词 1 某些表示健康状况的形容词 well 身体好的 ill 病的 faint 虚弱的 poorly 身体不好的 示例 His mother has been ill for a long time 特别注意 sick 是个特例 它既可做表语 又可做定语 He is sick for a couple of days 他病两三天了 He is a sick person 他是个病人 2 某些以 a 开头的形容词 如 afraid 害怕的 alone 独自的 alive 活着的 asleep 睡着的 awake 醒 着的 aware 意识 到的 The old man is alone in the house 老人一个人在家 The teacher is alive with enthusiasm 这位老师热情洋溢 He is asleep in his mother s arms 他在母亲的怀抱中睡着了 I have been aware of the difficulty 我已经意识到了困难 5 当一系列形容词修饰名词时 须注意排列顺序 代明形容词 数量形容词 性状 形容词 名词 下图 看起来费劲 看透了绝对实用 代明形容词数量形容词性状形容词名词 1234567891011 用于冠 词前的 形容词 冠词 序数基数 性质 状态 大小 长短 形状 新旧 温度 颜色国籍材料 名词 指示代词 物主代词 动名词 不定代词 AllthefirstonegoodbigoldblueEnglishwood box Both A n secondtwobadsmallnewyellowIndianstone this cage Such that round cold Iron your Some Eg a broken small old gray stone bridge such a good yellow pen 测试精编 I 选择正确选项 新概念第三册 语法精粹 11 1 The Chinese food served in American restaurant is not bad but I prefer A Chinese food authenticallyB Chinese authentic food C food Chinese authenticallyD authentic Chinese food 2 lessons were not difficult A Our first few short English B Our few first short English C Our few first English short D Few our first English short 3 Do you think that the Labor bill will be passed Oh yes it s that it will A almost surelyB very likely C near positiveD quite certainly 4 Have you traveled much No I have done traveling A fewB littleC smallD less 5 I was very busy Did you really work hard A all dayB all the day C all the day longD all of day long 6 Do you need anything from the store and some cheddar cheese A Only a French bread loaf B AFrench bread loaf only C Only a loaf of French bread D Aloaf of French bread only 7 According to the information the newly constructed highway is said to be A lengthy twenty milesB length about twenty miles C about twenty miles longD in twenty miles of length 8 Mr Smith has done business here A a lot ofB a number of C muchD lots 9 Are you helping to organize the political convention I m in charge of welcoming the A out of town visitorsB visitors from outside of town C visitors out of townD outside town visitors 10 Does Jane have brown hair Yes In fact it s quitesimilar in shape yours A asB withC likeD to 第六章第六章 副副词词 ADVERBSADVERBSADVERBSADVERBS 定义 副词用来修饰动词 系动词除外 形容词 其它副词或整个句子 功能 表示时间 方式 程度 范围等 新概念第三册 语法精粹 12 分类 时间及频度副词 before frequently always usually 等 地点副词 here northward anywhere above below 等 方式副词 rapidly quickly clearly hard well 等 程度副词 quite much nearly just enough perfectly only 等 疑问副词 how