倒装句完整版.doc

倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so， neither， nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。一、倒装句的意义1. 适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。e.g. May I come in？Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927？2. 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。e.g. Never have I been late for school this term. So early did he come to school that no other students came.二、倒装的用法一 完全倒装1. 在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，本身无词义，主语在be后。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。e.g. There is a box on the table.There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.there be 中的主谓一致There _a tall tree in front of the classroom.There _many desks in the room.There _a pen, two books,and many pencils on the desk.There _ two books, a pen, and many pencils on the desk.Keys: is are is are2. 在here， there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）e.g. There goes the bell.Here is an apple for you.There she comes.1.There _. And here _.A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she2. “Where is your father?” “Oh, .”A. here comes heB. here does he come C. he here comes D. here he comes3. Then we had been looking forward to .Acame the hour Bthe hour came Ccomes the hour Dthe hour is comingKeys: ADA3. 为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up， down， out， away， in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）e.g. Away hurried the boy. Out rushed the girl.Away she went with tears in her eyes.1.Out _, with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush2. _and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumpedB. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the catD. Jumped up the cat3._ and the lesson began.A. In came Mr. BrownB. Mr. Brown in came C. In came he D. Came in Mr. Brown4. the plane.A. Flew downB. Down flewC. Down was flyingD. Down flyingKeys: CCAB表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。如:On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playground.1.Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man2. On the wall two large portraits.A. hangsB. hangC. hangedD. are hanging2、Under his arm a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.Ais BareCwasDwereKeys: DBC4. 重复倒装句型，用在以so， nor， neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor， neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither （Nor） did I.She is busy doing her homework. So is her brother.You passed the exam. So did I.He doesnt like shopping. Neither do I.He cant speak any foreign language. Nor can his father.1. “They have done a good job.” “ .”A. So they have doneB. So they have C. So have theyD. So is it2. Albert Einstein cared little for money. Professor Wang.A. Either didB. So wasC. So didD. Neither did3.I dont know how to swim, _.A. and my sister doesnt neither B. nor my sister can C. nor does my sister D. and my sister does either4.Shes passed the test. _. A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. Also I haveKeys: BDCB表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is withHis uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.Ex：1. I like football. I dont like volleyball._.A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with me D. So is it with me2. “I like to watch TV plays, but I dont watch TV every evening. ” “ .”A. So do IB. So I doC. I do soD. So it is with meKeys: DD二部分倒装1. 在以hardly(scarcely), never, not, not only, little, few，seldom, no where等否定或半否定意义的副词、连词放在句首时要用倒装句，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.Hardly(Scarcely) had he reached the station when the train started.Not once did we visit the city of our own.Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.Ex：1. Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off. A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. had I reached D. I had got to2.Have you ever seen anything like that before? No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen3. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. (1995上海卷)A. does he careB. did he care C. he caresD. he cared4. Not a single song _ at yesterdays party. (2000上海卷)A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing5. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other. (NMET2003)A. they had quarrelledB. they have quarrelled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreledKeys:CCBCC2. 用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.Only in this way can we learn English well.注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this. Only a few young men went to the theatre. （修饰主语时则不用倒装）1)Only in this way _ make progress in your English. A. youB. can youC. you be able toD. will you able to2) Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend. A. he couldB. he was able toC. was he able toD. was able to he3)Only after liberation_ to be treated as human beings.A.did they begin B. they had begun C.they did begin D. had they begun4) succeed in doing anything.AOnly by working hard we canBBy only working hard we can COnly by working hard can weDOnly we can by working hard5)Only save his life.Acan the doctorBthe doctor canCwill the doctorDcould the doctorKeys: BCACB3. 在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were， had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。e.g. Had I time （= If I had time）， I would go and help you.Were I you （= If I were you）， I would go abroad.Should he come （=If he should come）， tell him to ring me up.1. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.(1995上海卷)A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not2 _ today，he would get there by FridayAWould he leaveBWas he leaving CWere he to leaveDIf he leaves3 _ it_ for your help，I couldnt have made any progressAHad；not beenBShould；not been CDid；not beenDNot；be4. _ today, he would got there for holiday. A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves5. _, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you6. , I would have phoned you.A. If I knew itB. Had I known itC. If I know itD. Did I know itKeys: CCABCB4. as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）Hard as he worded, he made little progress.Ex：1._, hes honest. A. As he is poorB. Poor is heC. Poor as he isD. Poor as is he2_, he knows a lot of things. A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he 3. ,he doesnt study well.AAs he is clever BHe is as cleverCClever as he is DAs clever he is Keys: CBC5. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。e.g. May you succeed！Long live the Peoples Republic of China！6. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下： so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.1. _ that he could not speak for a long time. A.So frightened was he B. So frightened he was C. Was he so frightened D. Frightened was he 2.So fast _ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.A. light travel B. travels the light C. do light travel D. does light travel3._ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the construction robots areC. So clever are the construction robots D. Such clever construction robots are4、So well that the teacher praised her.Ashe had done her homework Bher homework had been doneCdid she do her homework Dshe did her homework5. Such the results of the experiments.A. isB. wasC. areD. as be6. his appearance that no one could recognize him.A. So was strange B. Was so strangeC. So strange wasD. Strange so was7. So _ in the darkness that he didnt dare to move an inch.A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was heKeys:ADCCCCD7.固定搭配 hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan， not until. ，not only.but also，neither.nor中的倒装The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.Neither does he smoke nor does he drink.The meeting had scarcely begun when it was interruptedNot until she got home did she realize that she had lost her necklace.Not only had the poor man been fined,but also he had been sent to prison.1.Hardly _down _he stepped in.A.had I sat than B. I had sat when C.had I sat then D. had I satwhen2. he realized it was too late to return home.A. No sooner it grew dark thanB. Hardly did it grow dark whenC. It was not until dark that D. It was until dark that3.Hardly when the bus suddenly pulled away.Athey had got to the bus-stopBthey got to the bus-stopCdid they get to the bus-stopDhad they got to the bus -stop4.Scarcely the room the phone rang.A.I had enteredwhen B.had I enteredthen C.had I enteredwhen D.have I enteredwhen5. _ snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 6. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left.A. had I got， when B. I had got， than C. had I got， than D. did I get， when7. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (NMET 1995)A. did the villagers realizeB. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realizeD. didnt the villagers realizeKeys: DBDCBC巧记倒装口诀倒装其实很好记，记住“闹事”（NAO SHI）就可以。说明：NAO SHI中的六个字母代表六种情况。1. N代表否定词。当否定词置于句子开头时，句子要用部分倒装。这些否定词有no, little, seldom, never, not until, not only, neither, nor, hardly, no sooner等词。如：Little does he know about it. Hardly had he arrived there when it began to rain.Not only can he speak English, but also he can write articles in English. 2. A代表as。as (尽管) 引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序。如：Fail as he did, he didnt lose heart. Child as my younger brother is, he knows a lot. 3. O代表only。only修饰状语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。如：Only in a strange place did he realize how good his home is. Only when you grow up will you understand me. 4. S代表so和such。当“sothat.”和“suchthat”结构中的so和such位于句首或so表示“也”的时候，句子用倒装语序。如：So clever a boy is he that he can work out such a problem in a short time. Such a lovely day is it that we want to go out for a picnic. He has learned to send e-mails. So have I. 5. H代表以here为首的表地点、方位等的词或词组。这样的词有：here、there、in、out，off、away、up、down、back。当这些词放在句首时，句子要用全部倒装，即把整个谓语动词提前。Down fell some apples. Out rushed the boy. On top of the hill stands a tree. 不过，对于全部倒装的情况来说，当主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装。如：Here it comes. In he came. 6. I代表if。If引导虚拟条件句时，如把if省略，要用部分倒装。如：Should you be in trouble, we would help you. (=If you should be in trouble, we would help you.) Were I you, I would go there with him. (=If I were you, I would go there with him.) Had he come earlier, he would have met Sharon. 倒装句综合练习：1._ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began. A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown3.Over _ , dead. A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled4.Where is my shirt, mum? _. A. There is it B. There it is C. There is D. Here is it5. Where is your father? Oh, _. A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he6.The door opened and there _ . A. enters an old man B. entered an old man C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered7. Now _ your turn to recite the text. A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is8.Often _ them not to smoke here. A. we advised B. advised me C. did we advise D. had we advised9._ playing soldiers. A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall _ two large portraits. A. are hanging B. Hanged C. hang D. hangs 11._ who was wounded in the stomach. A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldier C. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier12. Next door to ours _ , who is no less than eighty. A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man13.She plays the piano very well, _. A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us14.You say he works hard, _, and _. A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do you C. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do15. I thought you women were present at the meeting. _. A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we16.I dont think Jack will come today, _. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesnt C. Mary will either D. or Mary does17. She is fond of cooking, _I . A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language . _. A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with Engles C. So was Engles D. So did Engles19.A fish needs water and without water it will