鳃病以外的感染疾病.doc

鳃病以外的感染性疾病Gill disease infectious diseases other than白点病(Ich )A. White Spot Disease (Ich)发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity由纤毛虫(ciliophora)类的小瓜虫(Ichthyophthiriasis)寄生于鱼体表及鳃内引起.成虫大小0.5mm左右,呈圆形或椭圆形,周身被覆微小的细毛,称为纤毛.成虫从鱼体脱离后,在叫做包囊的牢固粘膜中不断进行细胞分裂,24小时内生出无数的幼虫.然后幼虫再次返回鱼体寄生,如此循环往复.该病在温度条件适合,水质不佳时就会发生.By ciliates (ciliophora) category Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ichthyophthiriasis) parasitic on the gills of fish form and could pose. Adult size of 0.5mm or so, were round or oval-shaped, whole body lining tiny fine hairs, called cilia. Adults from the fish out after the firm called the cyst mucosa continuous cell division, within 24 hours of birth to numerous larvae. Then again, return to the fish larvae parasitism, so on ad infinitum. Disease in the temperature conditions are suitable, occur when the water quality is poor.症状Symptoms初期症状为鳍尖部出现小白点.随着病情的发展,白点向全身蔓延,就像撒上了一层白芝麻.病情严重时,整个体表都被白点覆盖,发展到鳃部时,鱼会因呼吸困难而死亡.治疗药与治疗方法Initial symptoms appear as small white spots fin tip. As the disease progresses, white spots spread to the body, like sprinkle a layer of white sesame seeds. Seriously ill, the entire body surface were covered by white spots, developing into the gills, the fish will die due to breathing difficulties.Treatment of drug and treatment methods有效的市售药品有Green F Clear(5)(有效成分为二氧化氯(chlorine dioxide),Haitoropikaru T0014(8),亚甲基蓝等,换水之后按照规定的用法和用量进行药浴.治疗白点病(Ich )要针对刚离开鱼体还未形成包囊的成虫和幼虫才有效果.包囊形成后,由于有粘膜的保护,药物会变得无效,必须在这之前进行驱虫.另外,白点虫生活的温度上限为25左右,如果在发病初期,可在换水后将水温调高至30进行治疗.病情严重时治疗较困难,早期治疗十分重要.And effective drugs are commercially available Green F Clear (5) (the active ingredient is chlorine dioxide (chlorine dioxide), Haitoropikaru T0014 (8), methylene blue and so on, after changing the water usage and the amount in accordance with regulations for dipping. Treatment of white spot disease (Ich) has just left the fish to be targeted has not yet formed cysts in adults and larvae before there are results. After the formation of cysts, because of the protection of mucosa, drugs will become ineffective, deworming must be done beforehand. In addition, the white point temperature of insect life in a maximum of 25 or so, if in the early stages, you can change the water temperature will be raised to 30 treatment.Seriously ill in treatment more difficult, early treatment is important.全身感染白点病(Ich )的金鱼和白点虫Systemic infection in white spot disease (Ich) of the goldfish, and white spots insects水霉病(Saprolegniasis)B. saprolegniasis (Saprolegniasis)发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity由水霉(water molds),绵霉(achlya),丝囊霉(Aphanomyces)等(水霉科Saprolegniaceae) 的丝状菌(mold fungi )寄生引起.菌丝的集合体称为菌丝体,它像树木扎根一样侵入病鱼体内,吸取养分,破坏渗透压调节机能,致鱼死亡.不过,即使饲养水中有水霉孢子,只要水质和鱼的健康状况良好就不会致病.By Saprolegnia (water molds), Achlya (achlya), Aphanomyces (Aphanomyces), etc. (Saprolegnia Section Saprolegniaceae) of filamentous bacteria (mold fungi) parasitic cause. A collection of hyphae is called mycelium, which, like tree roots penetrated sick fish, like the body absorb nutrients, osmotic pressure control mechanism may be damaged and cause fish to die. However, even if there is water feeding in the water mold spores, so long as water quality and fish in good health, not illness.症状Symptoms鱼身上附着有絮状的水霉.寄生部位多为外伤口以及穿孔病(shot-hole disease),烂尾病(tail-rot disease)的患部.随着时间的推移,感染面积逐渐扩大,病情严重时,患部周围严重充血,其状惨不忍睹.Fish in the water mold attached to a floc. Parasitic, mostly outside the wound area and shot hole (shot-hole disease), failure to complete a disease (tail-rot disease) of the affected part. Over time, infection area is gradually expanded, his condition serious, serious congestion around the affected part of its painful to behold.治疗药与治疗方法Treatment of drug and treatment methods要治疗水霉病(Saprolegniasis),就要清除水中的游动孢子.使用Green F(1)(有效成分为依沙吖啶(Ethacridine),亚甲基蓝,氯化钠和盐酸氯己定),Tropical Gold(有效成分为依沙吖啶,敌百虫,亚甲基蓝,碳酸氢钠和氯化钠),亚甲基蓝等消毒药物较为有效.换水后按规定剂量投入上述药物进行药浴.对于病情较严重的个体,可用小镊子除去菌丝体,再用Isodine(碘伏)等涂搽患部.另外还可使用0.5%盐水浴辅助调节渗透压.To treat saprolegniasis (Saprolegniasis), is necessary to clear the water from swimming spores. The use of Green F (1) (the active ingredient for the ethacridine (Ethacridine), methylene blue, sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid chlorhexidine), Tropical Gold (the active ingredient for the ethacridine, trichlorfon, methylene blue, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride), methylene blue and other drugs are more effective disinfection. Change the water after the required dose of dipping into the above-mentioned drugs. For the more serious individual, and can be used tweezers to remove mycelium, and then Isodine (povidone-iodine), etc. application may be cut out. It may also support the use of 0.5% saline bath osmotic adjustment.累枝虫病 (Epistylis disease)(钟形虫病Vorticella.disease)C. Epistylis echinococcosis (Epistylis disease) (bell-shaped sis Vorticella.disease)发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity累枝虫是一种原生动物,寄生于病鱼的体表和鳍导致发病.从入梅至初夏的这段时间,水温开始上升,这时鱼身上如果出现比白点虫略大的粘性白点,就说明感染了钟形虫.钟形虫长有一独特的长柄状器官,通过它附着在鱼身上,柄的一端连着虫体.钟形虫通过纤毛捕食水中微生物,虫体能从柄上脱落下来扩大感染范围.Epistylis is a protozoan, parasitic on the sick fish body surface and fins cause disease. From Rumei to early summer period, the water temperature begins to rise, when fish if there is slightly larger than the insect sticky white spots white spots on the infection of the bell-shaped worms. Bell-shaped worms, there is a unique long-handled-shaped organ attached to the fish through its body, one end of the handle attached parasites. Bell-shaped insect prey in the water through the ciliated micro-organisms, parasites detached from the handle down on the expansion of the scope of infection.症状Symptoms初期体表出现比白点病(Ich )略大的白点.随着病情的发展白点逐渐变大,会将鳞片翻起,其周围组织充血.病情严重时鳞片脱落,像穿孔病一样露出肉.寄生在鳍上时,可见粘液质的白点,随着病情发展,会出现与穿孔病和烂尾病相似的症状.Compared with the initial surface appears white spot disease (Ich) slightly larger than the white spots. As the disease progresses white spots gradually become larger scales will reveal its surrounding tissue hyperemia. Flake off serious illness, such as perforation of the same patients exposed flesh. Parasites in the fin, the white spots can be seen phlegmatic, with the progression of the disease, there will be completed on schedule and perforation disease and similar disease symptoms.治疗药与治疗方法Treatment of drug and treatment methods有效治疗药为色素类的亚甲基蓝.And effective drug for the treatment of methylene blue pigment class.穿孔病(shot-hole disease)D. perforation disease (shot-hole disease)发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity由非典型杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)感染而引起.该菌水温低时易增殖,因此多发于春前及秋后.因为病原菌只在宿主(兰寿)的体表活动,病灶不会扩大至患部深层及内脏,所以虽然露出了肉显得很痛苦,但不会马上致命.From the atypical kill salmon, Aeromonas (Aeromonas salmonicida) infections caused by. Bacteria water temperature is low, easy to proliferation, thus, mainly in the spring before and after the autumn. Because the pathogens only in the host (Lan Ting) and surface activity, lesions will not be extended to the affected part of deep and visceral, so although the exposed flesh appeared to be very painful, but not immediately fatal.症状Symptoms初期为体表充血,其面积相当于一枚鳞片大小,随着病情的发展充血范围逐渐扩大.不久就会因严重的炎症导致鳞片脱落,露出肉部,看起来就像在身体上开了个洞,所以叫穿孔病.Initially surface hyperemia, an area equivalent to the size of a flake, with the development of congestive heart disease has gradually extended. Will soon lead to severe inflammation of the scales fall off, exposing the meat department, looks like on the body to open a hole, so I shot hole.治疗药与治疗方法Treatment of drug and treatment methods有效的市售药品有Parazan D(3),Elbarju(2)(有效成分为呋喃苯烯酸钠),Green F Gold(1)等抗菌药.治疗时要先换水,按照规定用法和用量,使用上述药物进行药浴或掺入饵料中通过消化道给药.Commercially available and effective drugs are Parazan D (3), Elbarju (2) (the active ingredient as benzene, furan acid sodium), Green F Gold (1) and other antimicrobial agents. Must first change the water treatment, in accordance with the provisions of usage and consumption, the use of such drugs, medicated bath, or mixed with bait delivery through the digestive tract.红斑病(Red spot disease)(运动性气单胞菌病)E. pini (Red spot disease) (exercise-induced Aeromonas disease)发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity由嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)引起的感染性疾病.气单胞菌(Aeromonads)有许多种,这一种长有鞭毛,通过它进行运动.该菌在淡水中普遍存在,通常情况下并没有很强的病原性,但当水槽内环境恶化,鱼的抵抗力下降或受伤时就有可能发病.By Aeromonas Aeromonas (Aeromonas hydrophila) caused by infectious diseases. Aeromonas (Aeromonads)There are many kinds, which have a long flagellum, through its exercise. Prevalence of bacteria in fresh water, usually not strong pathogenicity, but when the tank within the environmental degradation, decline in fish resistance to disease or injury is possible.症状Symptoms初期症状为皮下毛细血管充血,或者体表出现红斑并伴有出血.该病好发于天气不稳定,水温变化剧烈的梅雨季节.随着病情的发展,易并发松球病,Popeye(眼球突出).Initial symptoms of the skin capillary hyperemia, or erythema surface appeared, accompanied by bleeding. Disease occur in the unstable weather, water temperature of rapid change, the rainy season. As the disease progresses, disease complicated by loose ball, Popeye (exophthalmos).治疗药与治疗方法Treatment of drug and treatment methods有效的市售药物有Haitoropikaru T0014(8),Parazan D(3),Green F Gold(1)等含有磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶钠(sulfadimethoxine sodium)或吲哚基磷酸的药物.药浴要按规定的用法,用量进行.红斑是该病的发病信号,一旦出现,要立即进行治疗,并对整个饲养槽进行清扫以防止二次感染.饲养槽灭菌时使用Isodine(碘伏)较为有效.Commercially available and effective drugs Haitoropikaru T0014 (8), Parazan D (3), Green F Gold (1) contains a sulfonamide such as sodium between the two methoxy-pyrimidine (sulfadimethoxine sodium) or indole-based phosphate drugs. Medicated bath according to the provisions of the usage, dosage carried out. Erythema is the incidence of the disease signals occur, immediate treatment, and cleaning of the feeding trough in order to prevent secondary infection. Feeding trough the use of sterilization Isodine (povidone-iodine) be more effective.内脏疾病Visceral disease竖鳞病(lepidorthosis)(松球病)A. vertical scale disease (lepidorthosis) (pine cone disease)发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity该疾病有两条发生途径:因投药过量,饲养水污染使肝脏和消化器官功能低下导致发病;因饲养水变质或富营养化引起嗜水气单胞菌感染导致发病.特别是后者因为伴有感染,采取治疗措施越晚越难治愈.Occurrence of the disease there are two ways: due to excessive dosage, feeding water to the liver and digestive system dysfunction leading to disease; by keeping the water eutrophication caused by deterioration or Aeromonas hydrophila infections cause disease. Particularly the latter because of associated infection, treatment measures taken by the later more difficult to cure.症状Symptoms发病初期,鱼的体形开始膨大,随着时间的推移,鳞片渐渐竖起,不久就变得像松球一样,这是由水溶性物质潴留于鳞片基部的鳞囊中引起的.随着病情的发展,鱼会变得越来越圆.另外还可合并有眼球突出以及因消化器官功能受损,体内废弃物排出困难导致的肠满,这时鱼会变得更为膨大.In the early stages, the fishs shape began to enlargement, as time goes by, scales gradually erected, and soon becomes like a loose ball, this is water-soluble substances by retention on the base of the scale pocket scales caused. As the disease progresses, the fish will become more and more circular. It may also be combined with proptosis as a result of impaired digestive organs, the body of waste discharge problems causing bowel is full, then the fish will become even more swollen.治疗药与治疗方法Treatment of drug and treatment methods发病初期可在换水后使用0.5%盐水浴治疗,但当鳞片开始竖立就要使用抗菌药物Parazan D(3),Elbarju(2)进行药浴.另外内脏患病的可能性较高,虽然有一定的危险性,但将Parazan掺入饵料中经消化道给药能取得较好的效果.最近,加藤雅常先生发明了一种独特的方法,还没进过详细的验证,但我试了一下确能完全治愈,就在这里加以介绍.换水后加入规定量的Parazan D(3),每60升水中用小勺加入4满匙的纯可可粉溶解,进行药浴.可能是因为多酚类和食物纤维的效果,鱼排出大量粪便后恢复健康.The early stages, can change the water bath before use 0.5% saline treatment, but when the scales began to be erected must use of antimicrobial agents Parazan D (3), Elbarju (2) for dipping. In addition a higher risk of visceral disease, although a certain degree of risk, but will Parazan mixed bait delivery through the digestive tract can achieve good results. Most recently, Mr. Kato Masatsune invented a unique approach, not yet into the detailed verification, but I tried it really is fully cured, it will be presented here. Change the water after the accession of the amount of Parazan D (3), using teaspoon for every 60 liters of water by adding four full spoons of pure cocoa powder dissolved in, for dipping.May be due to polyphenols, and the effect of dietary fiber, fish emit a large number of stool samples back to health.竖鳞病Vertical scale disease翻转病(鱼鳔病)B. Flip disease (swim bladder disease)发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity一直以来,该病都被认为是由鱼鳔异常引起的.兰寿有两个鳔,由于内部或外部因素使其中的一个或两个发生收缩,无法维持平衡导致发病,这种说法被普遍接受.可是X线摄影显示即使鱼鳔正常仍有可能患上该病.最近的研究表明该病是由脊椎内控制平衡感觉的神经发生异常而引起.All along, the disease is considered to be caused by abnormal swim bladders. Ranchu There are two swim bladder, due to internal or external factors have made one or two contract, there can not maintain a balance lead to the disease, this view was generally accepted. But the X-ray photography show is that it is still possible to suffer from the disease and normal swim bladders. Recent studies have shown that disease is caused by spinal sensory nerves within the control of balance caused an exception.症状Symptoms发病初期,鱼体发生侧倾,或者身体前倾跌跌撞撞地游动,病情严重时会腹部向上沉入水底.体形浑圆的鱼易患此病.该病没有传染性,鱼即使得病也不会马上死亡,腹部朝上也能食饵.肥胖的个体易发病.In the early stages, fish roll occurred, or swimming in the water body stumbled forward, the condition in severe abdominal sink bottom up. Rounded shape of the fish easy to contracting this disease. The disease is not contagious, the fish even if the disease does not immediately die, abdomen upward can also be prey. The incidence of obesity prone individual.治疗药与治疗方法Treatment of drug and treatment methods遗憾的是该病没有有效的治疗方法.虽然病因是脊椎内神经损伤,但由于体型较圆的鱼食饵过多腹部膨大后易得病,所以应该也有鱼鳔平衡异常的因素在这其中.该疾病多发于水温低的冬季,且在肥圆的个体上较常见.发病初期通过控制投饵并将水温调至25以上有很大的希望治愈.对于体型较浑圆的个体平时要留意不能让它吃得太多.Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for the disease. Although the cause is spinal nerve injury, but because of size of fish prey than the circle too easy to get sick after abdominal swelling, it should also have swim bladders balance the unusual factor in this one. The disease, mainly in the low temperature in winter, and in the fat more common on the circle of individuals. In the early stages by controlling the feeding and temperature raised to above 25 have great hopes for cure. For the body more rounded individuals usually pay attention to not be allowed to eat too much.肾肥大症C. renal hypertrophy发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity由粘液孢子虫类的鲫霍氏虫(Hoferellus carassii)感染肾脏上皮细胞导致发病.金鱼的肾脏位于脊柱两侧,发病时其中一侧肾脏增生肿大,可达正常大小的10倍以上.11月5月为该病好发期,多因泥池和活饵中含有霍氏虫而引发感染.Spores from the mucus of crucian carp insects Hoferellus (Hoferellus carassii) infection in kidney epithelial cells cause disease. Goldfish kidney is located on both sides of the spine, the incidence of renal hyperplasia, when one side of the swollen, up to more than 10 times normal size. November May predilection for the disease period, many due to mud pools and live bait containing Hoferellus triggered infection.症状Symptoms鱼体异常弯曲,同时单侧肾脏开始肿大.随着症状加重,肾脏肿得更大,鱼的身体呈字形弯折,病情严重时,鱼会横躺或者腹部向上,无法游动.虽然还能暂时生存一段时间,但不久就会因食饵困难而死亡.Fish abnormal curved, while unilateral kidneys began to swell. As the symptoms get worse, the kidneys were swollen bigger, the fishs body was -shaped bend, seriously ill, the fish will be lying horizontal, or the abdomen up and can not swim. Although still a temporary existence for some time, but it soon died because of predator problems.治疗药与治疗方法Treatment of drug and treatment methods没有有效的治疗药.一龄前的幼鱼易患此病.在病情尚轻时,免疫力强的个体通过调高水温,增强肾脏机能,有可能将病原体随尿液排出体外.为了预防疾病,需要清除水槽中的污泥等杂物.一龄前的幼鱼不要饲养在泥池和颜色太深的水中.There is no effective treatment for drugs. An age of contracting this disease, before the juvenile easy. In the disease is still small and when the individual immune system strong by raising water temperature, increased kidney function, there may be pathogens excreted with the urine. In order to prevent diseases, need to clear mud and other debris in the sink. An age before the young fish do not keep too deep in the mud, water pools and colors.肉眼可见的大型寄生虫Visible large-scale parasiteA.锚头鳋病Lernaea Disease1 A. Lernaea disease发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity由锚头鳋寄生引起.锚头鳋为淡水甲壳类,头部长有锚状器官,叫做头角.锚头鳋通过头角牢牢地固定在鱼身上,很难拔出来,其寿命为两个月左右,靠寄生鱼体吸取养分为生.只有雌性锚头鳋会寄生,其一生大约产卵15次左右.刚孵化的幼虫称为无节幼体,形态与水蚤相似,经过4次蜕皮后开始营寄生生活.Caused by the parasitic Lernaea. Lernaea for freshwater crustaceans, the first minister has anchor-shaped organ, called Tau Kok. Lernaea by Tau Kok firmly fixed to the fish, it is difficult to pull out of its life for about two months, relying on the parasitic fish absorb nutrients for a living. Only female Lernaea parasites, their life, about to lay eggs about 15 times. Newly hatched larvae known as nauplii, Daphnia morphology similar to that after four times after the camp molt parasitic life.症状Symptoms通过肉眼观察可以发现,兰寿体表红肿充血的部位有510mm长的白色丝状物体附着.体表充血是因为锚头鳋吸食体液,在感染部位引发了炎症.如果放任不管,大量锚头鳋寄生夺取养分,会导致鱼衰弱而死.Can be found through the naked eye, swollen bloodshot Ranchu body surface area there is 5 10mm long, white filaments attached to objects. Surface congestion is because Lernaea smoking body fluids, caused by inflammation at the infection site. If left unchecked, a large number Lernaea parasitic capture of nutrients will lead to weakening the fish died.治疗药与治疗方法Treatment of drug and treatment methods有效的市售药品有Tropical-N(7),Rifisshu(2),Mazoten20(2)等含敌百虫的药物.但是这些药物对锚头鳋的成虫和卵没有效果.成虫通过肉眼就可以辨别,可用小镊子拔出,但注意不要留下头部.卵在孵化为无节幼体时能够被杀死,为了保险起见,需要多次投药.And effective drugs are marketed Tropical-N (7), Rifisshu (2),Mazoten20 (2) and other drugs containing Trichlorfon. But these drugs on Lernaea of adults and eggs to no avail. Adults can be identified by the naked eye, can be used tweezers pull out, but be careful not to leave the head. Eggs in incubation time for the nauplii can be killed, in order to be safe, require multiple dosage.寄生于体表的锚头鳋及其虫体Parasitic on the body surface and its parasites LernaeaB.鱼虱病B. Fish lice disease发病的直接原因The direct cause of morbidity由属于淡水甲壳类的金鱼虱(Argulus japonicus,俗称鱼虱)寄生于体表而引发的疾病.鱼虱成虫的大小为25mm,是鱼身上最大级别的寄生虫.鱼虱虫体呈扁圆形,腹部前方有一对吸盘,通过这对吸盘紧紧地吸附在鱼身上.鱼虱一生中产卵10次左右,幼虫孵化出来后立刻开始游动寻找宿主.From the goldfish are freshwater crustaceans lice (Argulus japo