理工A(二).doc

北京中建博创教育科技有限公司 公司电话内部资料，禁止传播2012年职称英语考前绝密资料（理工A）所属知识点：单词原形所属题型：词汇选项1. Words cannot (convey) how delighted I was.-A. sayB. meanC. deliverD. task-C-第一步：这道题考查单词convey。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：communicate, deliver, inform, report, send, tell等。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项C的deliver在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为C。#2所属知识点：单词原形所属题型：词汇选项2. manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy as a (substitute). -A. changeB. representativeC. mediaD. substation-B-第一步：这道题考查单词substitute。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：broker, delegate, deputy, representative等。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项B的representative在其中, 由此可知本题目的答案为B。#3所属知识点：单词屈折变化所属题型：词汇选项3. She (varied) her dress as fashion changes.-A. analyzedB. bentC. disaccordedD. changed-D-第一步：这道题考查单词varied，原形是去掉ed并且将i还原成y，即vary。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：alter, convert, change, differ, modify等。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项D的changed在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为D。#4所属知识点：单词原形所属题型：词汇选项4. The (sum) of all our troubles did not equal the misery they suffered.-A. totalB. qualityC. groupD. measure-A-第一步：这道题考查的是单词sum。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：amount, number, quantity, total, whole等。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项A的total在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为A。#5所属知识点：单词屈折变化所属题型：词汇选项5. It is said the house prices is (trending) downwards.-A. strikingB. tendingC. takingD. walking-B-第一步：这道题考查单词trending，去掉ing，即trend。第二步：通过查词典我们找不到该单词作为动词时的同义词列表。所以，我们通过查词典确定四个选项的意思，选项A是打击罢工的意思，选项B是倾向趋向的意思，选项C是拿走起作用的意思，选项D是行走散步的意思。第三步：通过对比四个选项和句子意思“据说，房价将有下跌的趋势”，发现选项B与句子意思一致，由此可知本题目的答案为B。#6所属知识点：短语词组所属题型：词汇选项6. This is a city with (a wealth of) opportunity.-A. a fewB. a littleC. plentyD. massive -C-第一步：这道题考查短语a wealth of。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到该短语的同义词列表：plenty, profusion, store等。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项C的plenty在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为C。#7所属知识点：单词屈折变化所属题型：词汇选项7. The policeman gave me three (tickets) for speeding last week.-A. certificatesB. billsC. votesD. summonses-D-第一步：这道题考查单词tickets，去掉s，即单词ticket。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：citation, summons, subpoena等。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项D的summonses在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为D。#8所属知识点：单词原形所属题型：词汇选项8. The wife asked her husband to give the room a (thorough) cleaning. -A. delightB. throughC. completeD. thought-C-第一步：这道题考查单词thorough。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到单词的同义词列表：absolute, complete, comprehensive, full, utter等。 第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项C的complete在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为C。#9所属知识点：单词原形所属题型：词汇选项9. The match will show who is the (superior) player. -A. superB. supperC. worse D. average-A-第一步：这道题考查的是单词superior。第二步：通过查词典我们找不到该单词的同义词列表。这个时候，我们通过查词典确定四个选项的意思，选项A是特好，极好的意思，选项B是晚餐的意思，选项C是更差的意思，选项D是一般的意思；第三步：根据句子意思“比赛将会较量出谁才是最好的选手。”，由此可知本题目的答案为A。#10所属知识点：单词屈折变化所属题型：词汇选项10. We need a sales campaign (targeted) at the youth market. -A. purposedB. shotC. aimedD. watched-C-第一步：这道题考查的是单词targeted，去掉ed，即target。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：aim等。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项C的aimed在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为C。#11所属知识点：短语词组所属题型：词汇选项11. This work will (take up) a lot of my time. -A. makeB. occupyC. wasteD. save-B-第一步：这道题考查短语take up，up是介词，所以查找动词take。第二步：通过查词典我们找到take up 的同义词是occupy。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项B的occupy在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为B。#12所属知识点：单词原形所属题型：词汇选项12. Her rather (stiff) manner puts people off.-A. difficultB. abruptC. hardD. tight-B-第一步：这道题考查单词stiff。第二步：通过查词典以及这句话的意思“她那相当生硬的态度使人们都不敢来”，我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：abrupt, blunt, gruff等。第三步：对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项B的abrupt在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为B。#13所属知识点：单词原形所属题型：词汇选项13. Its (rude) to interrupt her talk.-A. violentB. rawC. fierceD. impolite-D-第一步：这道题考查的是单词rude。第二步：通过查词典以及句子意思“打断别人的话是不礼貌的。”我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：discourteous, ill-mannered, impolite, impudent等。第三步：对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项D的impolite在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为D。#14所属知识点：单词屈折变化所属题型：词汇选项14. The earth is (shaking) under us. -A. turningB. vibratingC. movingD. braking-B-第一步：这道题考查的是单词shaking，去掉ing并还原e以后，即查找单词shake。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：quiver, rock, sway, shudder, tremble, vibrate等。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项B的vibrating在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为B。#15所属知识点：单词屈折变化所属题型：词汇选项15. Hes (taught) his dog some clever tricks. -A. instructed B. learnedC. askedD. told-A-第一步：这道题考查单词taught，根据动词不规则列表，可以查到taught的原形是teach。第二步：通过查词典我们可以找到该单词的同义词列表：coach, educate, guide, instruct, show, tutor等。第三步：通过对比四个选项和同义词列表，发现选项A的instructed在其中，由此可知本题目的答案为A。#16所属知识点：查找信息词+简单回归所属题型：阅读判断 Cloned Pigs - the Potential Organ Donors Five cloned piglets, genetically modified so that their organs are much less likely to be rejected by a human donor recipient, have been born in the US. More than 62,000 people in the US alone are waiting to receive donated hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys and pancreases. The number of human donors falls far short of demand. Pig organs are of a similar size to human organs, and some scientists hope they might be used to help meet the shortfall. But previous attempts to transplant unaltered pig tissue into humans have failed, due to immune rejection of the tissue. The five piglets, born on Christmas Day, lack a gene for an enzyme that adds a sugar to the surface of pig cells. The sugar would trigger a patients immune system into launching an immediate attack. This advance provides a near-time solution for overcoming the shortage of human organs for transplants, as well as insulin-producing cells to cure diabetes, says David Ayares, vice president of research at PPL Therapeutics, US division, where the pigs were created. This is the key gene for overcoming the early stage of rejection. However, scientists warn that much more work is necessary before organs from copies of the pigs could be transplanted into humans. Human genes will need to be added, to prevent rejection of the organ in the long-term. There are also concerns that pig viruses could infect organ recipients. Cloning techniques were vital to the production of the pigs. Genes can only be knocked out in a single cell. Cloning of these single cells then allowed the creation of a whole animal in which the gene was knocked out in every cell. But the PPL researchers have succeeded in knocking out only one copy of the gene for the enzyme, called alpha 1，3 galactosyl transferase(半乳糖转换酶). The team will now attempt to knock out both copies of the gene. There will also be other genes we will incorporate into our program, Ayares says. We dont think that one gene is going to produce an organ thats going to be the end-all for transplantation. Were going to have to add two to three human genes as well. The team will also conduct tests to investigate whether so-called porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVS)from the pigs could infect human cells in culture. But Ayares hopes that organs created from PPL pigs could be transplanted into patients within five years. But although a lot of the stem cell work is very exciting, were still very far off being able to grow an organ in a culture dish, says Julia Greenstein of Immerge Bio Therapeutics in Charlestown, US, who is working on creating similar knock-out pigs with researchers at the University of Missouri.-16. In America, more than 62,000 people are waiting to receive donated organs.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned -A-第一步：这道题的信息词是America，more than 62,000 people。第二步：回归原文定位到第一段的第二句： More than 62,000 people in the US alone are waiting to receive donated hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys and pancreases. 第三步：对比原文和题干信息：原文中的US是题干中America的同义改写。后半部分说“waiting to receive donated hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys and pancreases”等着别人捐献心脏，肺，肝脏，肾脏，胰脏等。题干中说还有这么多人等着别人给他们捐献器官。人体器官当然包含了原文中所列举的那些内容。所以，题干和原文表述的意思一致，所以这道题的正确答案选择A。#17所属知识点：查找信息词+简单回归所属题型：阅读判断17. Immune rejection doesnt happen in previous pig tissue transplant experiment.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned-B-第一步：这道题的信息词是immune rejection, pig tissue transplant。第二步：回归原文定位到第一段的最后一句But previous attempts to transplant unaltered pig tissue into humans have failed, due to immune rejection of the tissue.第三步：对比原文和题干信息，原文中说previous attempts失败了（failed），因为（due to）出现了免疫排斥。题干说免疫排斥没有发生，和原文信息不一致，所以这道题的答案选择B。#18所属知识点：查找信息词+对比和分析所属题型：阅读判断18. David Ayares has researched cloned pigs for 15 years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned -C-第一步：这道题的信息词是David Ayares，15 years。第二步：回归原文定位到第二段，找到和人名信息词相关的信息有“David Ayares, vice president of research at PPL Therapeutics,.”但是没有提到David Ayares是不是已经从事克隆猪这个研究有15年了。题干的信息是无中生有。所以这道题的答案选择C。#19所属知识点：查找信息词+简单回归所属题型：阅读判断19. Human genes will be added probably in order to prevent rejection of the organ, .A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned -A-第一步：这道题的信息词是human genes, rejection of the organ。第二步：回归原文定位到第三段第二句：Human genes will need to be added, to prevent rejection of the organ in the long-term.第三步：对比题干和原文信息。原文和题干表述的意思一致，所以这道题的正确答案选择A。#20所属知识点：查找信息词+简单回归所属题型：阅读判断20. The PPL researchers have successfully knocked out both copies of the gene.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned -B-第一步：这道题的信息词是The PPL researchers，both copies of the gene。第二步：回归原文定位到第四段最后两句话：But the PPL researchers have succeeded in knocking out only one copy of the gene for the enzyme. The team will now attempt to knock out both copies of the gene.第三步：对比题干和原文信息。原文中用but做了一个转折，说他们只是成功地去除了基因的一个副本（only one copy），正在尝试（now attempt to）去除两个副本。并不是已经成功地去除了两个。题干和原文信息不一致，所以这道题的答案选择B。#21所属知识点：查找信息词+对比和分析所属题型：阅读判断21. The PERVS have been proved to infect human cells.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned -B-第一步：这道题的信息词是PERVS，human cells。第二步：回归原文定位到倒数第二段第一句：The team will also conduct tests to investigate whether so-called porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVS)from the pigs could infect human cells in culture.第三步：对比题干和原文信息。原文中说将会测试（will also conduct tests）这种病毒是否（whether）会传染给人。但是题干说这种病毒已经被证实（proved）会传染给人体细胞。所以题干和原文明显不符，这道题的正确答案选择B。#22所属知识点：查找信息词+对比和分析所属题型：阅读判断22. Julia Greenstein thought we had a long way to grow an available organ in a culture dish.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned -A-第一步：这道题的信息词是Julia Greenstein，culture dish。第二步：回归原文定位到最后一段第一句：But although a lot of the stem cell work is very exciting, were still very far off being able to grow an organ in a culture dish, says Julia Greenstein.第三步：对比题干和原文信息。原文中是一个although结构的句子，我们应该重点看后半部分，离成功在培养皿（culture dish）中培育出可用的器官，我们还有很长的路要有（still very far off），这是题干have a long way to的同义改写。所以，题干和原文表述的意思一致，所以这道题的答案选择A。#23所属知识点：查找信息词+变化回归所属题型：概括大意和完成句子 How to Produce Colors1 There are two ways to create colors in a photograph. One method, called additive, starts with three basic colors and adds them together to produce some other color. The second method, called subtractive, starts with white light (a mixture of all colors in the spectrum) and, by taking away some or all other colors, leaves the one desired. 2 In the additive method, separate colored lights combine to produce various other colors. The three additive primary colors are green, red, and blue (each providing about one-third of the wavelengths in the total spectrum). Mixed in varying proportions, they can produce al colors. Green and red light mix to produce yellow; red and blue light mix to produce magenta (绛红色); green and blue mix to produce cyan (青色). When equal parts of all three of these primary-colored beams of light overlap, the mixture appears white to the eye.3 In the subtractive process, colors are produced when dye (as in paint or color photographic materials) absorbs some wavelengths and so passes on only part of the spectrum. The subtractive primaries are cyan, magenta, and yellow. These are the pigments or dyes that absorb red, green, and blue wavelengths, respectively, thus subtracting them from white light. These dye colors are the complimentary colors to the three additive primaries of red, green, and blue. Properly combined, the subtractive primaries can absorb all colors of light, producing black. But, mixed in varying proportions, they too can produce any color in the spectrum.4 Whether a particular color is obtained by adding colored lights together or by subtracting some light from the total spectrum, the result looks the same to the eye. The additive process was employed for early color photography. But the subtractive method, while requiring complex chemical techniques, has turned out to be more practical and is the basis of all modern color films.-23. Paragraph 1 A. Adding Three Basic Colors Together to Produce ColorsB. Other Methods to Produce ColorsC. Two Methods to Produce ColorsD. Comparing the Similarities between Two ThingsE. Producing the Desired Colors by Subtracting from the White LightF. Subtractive Methods Become More Popular-C-第一步：首先划出A-F六项的信息词，A项是three basic colors， B项 ,other methods, C项， two methods, D项，similarities between two things, E项 desired colors， white light, F项more popular。第二步：接下来找到段落中心句，第一段的中心句是：There are two ways to create colors in a photograph.第三步：最后对比信息，原文提到了two ways，也就是两种方式，和C选项的two methods为同义表达，所以本题的正确答案为C。#24所属知识点：查找信息词+对比和分析所属题型：概括大意和完成句子24. Paragraph 2 A. Adding Three Basic Colors Together to Produce ColorsB. Other Methods to Produce ColorsC. Two Methods to Produce ColorsD. Comparing the Similarities between Two ThingsE. Producing the Desired Colors by Subtracting from the White LightF. Subtractive Methods Become More Popular-A -第一步：首先找段落的中心句，段落的中心句是：In the additive method, separate colored lights combine to produce various other colors.随后又对这句话进行了补充，The three additive primary colors are green, red, and blue.第二步：接下来对比信息，中心句提到了additive method，也就是制造色彩的混合法，后面又讲了三种颜色，也就是用三种基本色来制造颜色。和A选项意思一致，所以A选项是本题的正确答案。#25所属知识点：查找信息词+简单回归所属题型：概括大意和完成句子25. Paragraph 3 A. Adding Three Basic Colors Together to Produce ColorsB. Other Methods to Produce ColorsC. Two Methods to Produce ColorsD. Comparing the Similarities between Two ThingsE. Producing the Desired Colors by Subtracting from the White LightF. Subtractive Methods Become More Popular-E -第一步：首先找段落的中心句，段落的中心句是：In the subtractive process, desired colors are producing by subtracting from the white light.第二步：接下来对比信息，中心句的后半部分几乎和E选项完全一样，所以我们很容易就判断出，本段的大意为E选项。#26所属知识点：查找信息词+对比和分析所属题型：概括大意和完成句子26. Paragraph 4 A. Adding Three Basic Colors Together to Produce ColorsB. Other Methods to Produce ColorsC. Two Methods to Produce ColorsD. Comparing the Similarities between Two ThingsE. Producing the Desired Colors by Subtracting from the White LightF. Subtractive Methods Become More Popular-F -第一步：首先找段落的中心句，段落的中心句是：But the subtractive method, while requiring complex chemical techniques, has turned out to be more practical and is the basis of all modern color films.第二步：最后对比信息，原文提到这种subtractive method 虽然要求复杂的化学技术，但是却变得越来越实用，而且也已经成为了现在彩色照相基础的主要方式。这个正好和F选项的subtractive methods 变得越来越流行意思相符，所以本题的正确答案为F。#27所属知识点：查找信息词+对比和分析所属题型：概括大意和完成句子27. In the additive method, we can produce colors by _.A. more practicalB. additive primary colorsC. subtractive primary colorsD. can be a color that is magentaE. combining the basic colors togetherF. can be a greenish color-E -第一步：这道题采用查读法，首先我们划出题干的信息词，additive method。第二步：接下来将信息词回归原文，我们之前在做概括大意的时候已经分析过，提到additive method的是第二段，所以我们可以很快在第二段找到这句话，为：In the additive method, separate colored lights combine to produce various other colors. 第三步：最后对比信息，原文提到了separate lights combine也就是把不同的颜色混在一起，和E选项是一致的，所以E选项就是本题的正确答案。#28所属知识点：查找信息词+简单回归所属题型：概括大意和完成句子28. The color mixed by red and blue light _.A. more practicalB. additive primary colorsC. subtractive primary colorsD. can be a color that is magentaE. adding the basic colors togetherF. can be a greenish color-D -第一步：这道题采用查读法，首先我们划出题干的信息词，red and blue light。第二步：接下来将信息词回归原文，信息词出现在原文的第二段，也就是：red and blue light mix to produce magenta。第三步：最后对比信息，原文中提到了D选项的magenta，所以本题的正确答案为D选项。#29所属知识点：查找信息词+对比和分析所属题型：概括大意和完成句子29. Yellow, cyan, and magenta belongs to _.A. more practicalB. additive primary colorsC. subtractive primary colorsD. can be a color that is purplishE. adding the basic colors togetherF. can be a greenish color-C -第一步：这道题采取查读法，首先我们划出题干的信息词，yellow ,cyan and magenta。第二步：接下来将信息词回归到原文中，信息词出现在原文的第五段，也就是：The subtractive primaries are cyan, magenta, and yellow.第三步：最后对比信息，原文明确说明cyan, magenta, yellow都是subtractive primaries，和C选项一致，所以C选项就是本题的正确答案。#30所属知识点：查找信息词+对比和分析所属题型：概括大意和完成句子30. Compare with additive process, the subtractive process is _.A. more practicalB. additive primary colorsC. subtractive primary colorsD. can be a color that is purplishE. adding the basic colors togetherF. can be a greenish color-A -第一步：这道题采取查读法，首先我们划出题干的信息词，additive process, subtractive process。第二步：接下来把信息词回归到原文中，由于本题在比较additive process 和subtractive process，我们从刚才的概括大意其实已经知道了最后的对比在最后一段，也就是： The additive process was employed for early color photography. But the subtractive method, while requiring complex chemical techniques, has turned out to be more practical and is the basis of all modern color films.第三步：最后对比信息，原文在比较additive process和subtractive method的时候，说到subtractive method turned out to be more practical，和A选项一致，所以A选项就是本题的正确答案。#31 所属知识点：查找信息词+简单回归所属题型：阅读理解 Evolving to Eat Mush Meat-eating has impacted the evolution of the human body, scientists reported today at the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences annual meeting in Washington, D.C. Our fondness for a juicy steak triggered a number of adaptations over countless generations. For instance, our jaws have gotten smaller, and we have an improved ability to process cholesterol and fat.