英语语音基础知识.doc

英语语音基础知识一、字母、音素、音节（1）字母的分类：5个元音字母Aa , Ee , Ii, Oo , Uu。 1个半元音字母Yy。 20个辅音字母Bb , Cc , Dd , Ff , Gg , Hh , Jj , Kk , Ll, Mm , Nn , Pp , Qq , Rr , Ss , Tt , Vv, Ww , Xx , Zz。（2）音素：元音音素、辅音音素清辅音、浊辅音。（3）音节：是以元音为主体构成的发音单位。二、字母以及字母组合的发音规律（2-1）单个元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音：元音字母读音例词特例a在开音节中/e/name plane Jane baby cakehave madam Saturday在闭音节中/bag dad hat map black backmany anye在开音节中/i:/he these me Chinesezero在闭音节中/e/bed let pen desk yes eggEnglandi在开音节中/a/bike drive time nice kitegive livemachine在闭音节中/fish big drink sit milk swimislando在开音节中/those close go home nowoman womenonce one在闭音节中/clock not box shop socku在开音节中/ju:/student excuse duty Tuesdaybusy minuteduring在闭音节中/bus cup jump much lunchblue June trueput pull full（2-2） r音节：元音字母+r的音节。在重读r音节中，元音字母发长音，在非重读r音节中，元音字母发/r音节读音例词ar/:/car bar party/:/warm quarteror/:/morning sport/:/work world worseer/:/term certainlyirthird girlurThursday（2-3） -re音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词特例are/e/care dare hareareere/ /e/here mere where/ire/a/fire hire wire/ore/:/more score before/ure/j/ /pure sure/完整的-re音节are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读/音。如：picture, pleasure。（2-4） 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词特例ai/ay/e/afraid day playsaysair/e/chair repair/al/:/small talk/:l/always also salt almost/al在f/m前/:/half calm/au/aw/augh/:/autumn law caughtlaughea/i:/teach eat pleaseidea/e/sweater weatherreal/e/break greatreallyear/dear nearly clearheart/e/bear pear wear/:/earth learn early/ee/i:/jeep beef three/eer/pioneer deer/ei/ey/e/eight neighbour/i:/keymonkeyew在n/j/f/r后/ju:/new few newspaper/u:/flew brew jewelry/ie/s/音后拼写为ei/i:/piece field receive/oa/coat boat goal/oar/oor/:/roar board door floorpooroi/oy/point enjoy toilet/oo/u:/food tooth roomclassroom/book cook good/ou/ow/a/house bow down/touch country enough/ou/u:/group soup through/our/:/your four course/a/hour ours/our/:/journey/oul/should could would/ui/ju:/suicide/ui在j/l/r/s后/u:/juice fruit suit/（2-5） 辅音字母及其字母组合的读音辅音字母及其组合读音例词b/b/bed buy boyb在词尾，前有m时/bomb tomb lamb climbc/k/cake picture coat musicc在e前或在i/y前/s/face decide cinemach/t/chopsticks chick rich teach/k/headache chemistry school/Chicago machine/d/sandwichck/k/pick pocket kick knockd/d/doctor bread hand day-dge/d/bridge fridge porridgedr/dr/children dress drinkf/f/fifth four breakfastg/g/bag gardon getg在er/y前/d/gym Germangh/f/cough enough/light daughter highgu/g/guess dialogue guitar/gw/penguin languageh/h/hot bead house hand/hour honest honorj/d/jeep join Julyk/k/kind bike skatekn-/n/know knee knockl/l/life school tallm/m/monkey tomb-mn/m/autumn columnn/n/nice shine tenn在/k/g/音前/uncle thank angry-ng/morning ring wrongp/p/paper planeph/f/photo elephant telephoneq/k/Iraqqu-/kw/queen quite quarterr/r/read rubber rulers在音节字母开头或清辅音前/s/sixteen sleep desks在元音字母或浊辅音前/z/music husbandsc/sk/school Scotland/s/science musclesh/she fish shirt washt/t/ten letter meettch/t/watch catch matchth在通常情况下/thin thirty method在冠词、代词、介词、连词中/the these with than在词尾-the ther中/clothe father weathertr/tr/tree train country truckv/v/very voice love leacew/w/week win wake sweet wait/answer twowh-/w/what when white whywh-在字母o前/h/whom whose wholex/ks/six text exercise/gz/exactly example existwr-/r/write wrongy-/j/yet yard youngz/z/puzzle zero zoo三、重音单词重音单词中读音特别响亮的音节。单音节词单独读时都重读，不必标重读符号。双音节词和多音节词中一般用重音符号“”标出其中的重音，即重读音节，重音符号标注在重读音节前左上方，如：/tmr/，也可以直接在单词里标注，如：tomorrow。有些双音节词和多音节词中，除了主童音之外还有次重音，次重音符号为“,”标注在次重读音节前左下方，如：/pr,nnsen/。句子重音在句子中并不是每一个单词都读得同样重，而是有的重有的轻，有的快有的慢。比较重要的词都要重读，它们大都是一些实词，如：名词、形容词、数词、代词（除人称代词外）、副词、动词（在子中的助动词、情态动词以及be除外；但是若这些词位于句末或者与not缩写时，则总是重读的）。单音节的虚词（如：冠词、连词、介词）很少重读；双音节的虚词（如：between，whether）则要重读。如:There are thirty boys playing on the playground now.必胜宝典（3-1）单音节词多数是重读音节词，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。如:（3-2）双音节词通常在第一个音节重读。如：mi-nute bas-ket fun-ny beau-ty（3-3）多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节上重读。在多音节单词中有时还要使用次重读符号, ，用来说明其中的元音字母组合按重读音节中的读音规则发音。如:,u-ni-ver-si-ty e-co-no-my o-ver-sight ,o-ppor-tu-ni-ty（3-4）双音节词和多音节词重音位置的变化1. 含有a - ,be - , com - , eon - ,de - , dis -, em - , en - , es - , ex - , for - , im - , in - , mis - , per - , pre -, pro -, re - , trans -等前缀的词通常在第二个音节上重读。加前缀或后缀通常不会改变原词的重音位置。forget beside compare mistake asleep rewrite dislike except2. 含有元音重出的词有一些词的拼写中有ia , ie , io 等两个元音字母连在一起，这叫做元音重出。元音重出虽然有时只发一个元音，但在计算音节数目的时候算两个音节。Russia official special musician so