英语句型指南.doc

原阳县实验高中英语复习资料1/25/2020前言一般说来，学外语的捷径是先反复熟读基本句型，做到能脱口而出。再辅以多记习语和单词，就学英语来说尤其如此。熟读英语基本句型是为了熟悉英语的句型结构，在此基础上再继续扩大学习范围，必会收到事半功倍之效。如果不了解英语句型结构，即便多记单词也难于正确理解原文。例如：I found this book easy.如果译作“我很容易找到了那本书。”就误解了原意。误译原因在于缺乏句型知识。本句句型是“S+V+O+C”（主谓动宾补），正确译法应该是“我发现这本书（内容）很容易。”因为原文既不是“I found the book easily.”也不是什么“I found the easy book.”下面117个句子已基本将主要英语句型收集在内。有助于高中学生在短期内将它们复习完毕。共43页，第43页Pattern基本句型1. How kind your mother is!2. What a kind man your father is!3. This picture is very beautiful, isnt it?4. You dont like cheese, do you?5. I am enjoying my vacation in Beijing.6. They were suffering from influenza.7. I shall be traveling in America about this time next month.8. I have already finished my work.9. He has never been to Shanghai.10. I have been ill since last Sunday.11. I have been waiting for you for two hours.12. I had reached the inn before it got dark.13. We had never met him till then.14. He had been ill till last Thursday.15. He said that he had seen me before.16. My daughter cleans this room every day.17. This room is cleaned by my daughter every day.18. His name was not known to the world.19. We were surprised at the news.20. This mountain will be covered with snow in winter.21. I was given a new uniform.22. A new dress was made for her.23. The pig was as big as a small cow.24. Belgium is not so large as France.25. A rainbow is more beautiful than a picture.26. Man is the most intelligent of all the animals.27. The boy who is rowing the boat is Toms brother.28. We came to a shallow river which flowed through the woods.29. We have a friend whose brother is now studying in Germany.30. He lives in that white house whose roof you can see over there.31. Mary is a girl (whom) everybody loves.32. Is this the watch (which) you bought at the department store the other day?33. In that box I found something that looked like an old map.34. The watch (that) he bought was very expensive.35. He is the tallest man (that) I have ever met.36.37. He took out what was in the bag.38. What I want to do is to make a tour round the world.39. Mr. Smith, who graduated from Boston University, teaches us English history.40. His house, which stands in the valley, was built two years ago.41. It is the people who (or that) are really powerful.42. It isnt this dictionary that Tom is looking for.43. This is the town where my father was born.44. Tell me (the reason) why you did not come to school yesterday.45. Their plan was to build a new factory in the suburbs.46. To swim across the river was impossible.47. He wants to buy a new bicycle.48. They like to skate on the lake in winter.49. Please tell me what to do next.50. Have you decided when to hold the party?51. It is my greatest pleasure to buy a new magazine.52. It was very interesting to travel by bus from place to place.53. It is natural for you to be proud of your own school.54. Its very kind of you to help.55. I expect to pass the examination.56. I expect you to pass the examination.57. I think (that) Tom is very bright.58. I thought (that) Tom was very bright.59. It is true that he is a son of a great scientist.60. It was yesterday that he left for Africa on business.61. I think that it is difficult to reach there before dark.62. He could find no one to advise him.63. I have a lot of things to do at home.64. He often comes to see me.65. She gets up early to prepare breakfast.66. Im very glad to meet you.67. I was sorry to hear the news.68. I shall be glad to guide you.69. White lilies are pleasant to look at.70. English is not easy to learn.71. The small boy grew up to be a great scientist.72. That morning they set out for the dark forest never to return.73. I saw him go out into the garden.74. His father made him work at home.75. I have decided not to be careless again.76. Please promise not to make the same mistake in the future.77. A friend of mine is to call on us the day after tomorrow.78. We are going to climb Mount Tai this summer.79. He is too old to go to work.80. He is old enough to go to work.81. It was too hot for them to work to work in the open air for a long time.82. The station was near enough for Tom to reach in five minutes.83. I was thought to be a great inventor.84. He was seen to enter the room.85. Do you enjoy listening to good music?86. He began learning English when he was still a little child.87. One day they went fishing in a river near Toms house.88. My mother often goes shopping at weekends.89. Do you know that girl playing the piano?90. He has never killed any animal living in the woods.91. The old man stood watching the basketball match for some time.92. A brown dog with a long tail came running towards us.93. I saw some boys throwing stones at a dog.94. We found some food laid on the table in the kitchen.95. I had my shoes mended yesterday.96. When did you have your purse stolen?97. Opening the door quietly, he looked into the room.98. Walking along the street, I met with my cousin whom I had not seen for a long time.99. Work hard, and you will succeed.100. Work hard, or you will fail.101. Im sure we can get there before dark.102. Im sorry I couldnt keep my promise.103. I wish I could speak English better.104. How I wish I hadnt made that mistake!105. If I were a girl of your age, I would make the same decision.106. If I knew his address, I would write to him.107. If he had studied hard, he could have been admitted into the university.108. If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off the athletic meeting.109. You had better go to hospital at once.110. I would rather go out for a walk than stay at home in such fine weather.111. He said that he was glad to see us.112. Our teacher told us that he lived in the suburbs of Beijing.113. Please tell me where you were born.114. I didnt know when he had returned from abroad.115. I will see if I can find you a better one.116. He asked me whether I wanted to go picnicking with them.117.1. （感叹句）你母亲多好啊！2. （感叹句）你父亲是多么和善的人啊！3. （反意疑问句）这张画非常优美，是吧？4. （反意疑问句）你不喜欢乳酪，对吧？5. （进行时的形式）我正在北京愉快地度假。6. （进行时的形式）他们那时正患流行性感冒。7. （进行时的形式）大约下月这个时候我正在美国旅游。8. （现在完成时的用法）我已经把工作做完了。9. （现在完成时的用法）他从未去过上海。10. （现在完成时的用法）自从上星期日以来我就病了。11. （现在完成时的用法）我一直等了你两个小时。12. （过去完成时的用法）在天黑以前我就已经到达旅店了。13. （过去完成时的用法）在那时以前我们从来没有见过他。14. （过去完成时的用法）他一直病到上星期四。15. （过去完成时的用法）他说他从前见过我。16. （主动语态）我的女儿每天打扫这个房间。17. （被动语态）这个房间每天由我的女儿打扫。18. （被动语态）他的名字当时世人并不知道。19. （被动语态）我们听了（对）这个消息感到惊异。20. （被动语态）这座山冬季将会积满了雪。21. （被动语态）给了我一件新制服。22. （被动语态）给她做了一件新衣服。23. （比较级的特殊用法）那只猪象小牛一样大。24. （比较级的特殊用法）比利时不象法国那样大。25. （比较级）虹比图画更美丽。26. （最高级）在一切动物中，人类是最聪明的。27. （关系代词）正在划船的那个少年就是汤姆的兄弟。28. （关系代词）我们来到了一条流经森林的浅河。29. （关系代词）我们有一个朋友，他的兄弟现在正在德国学习。30. （关系代词）他就住在那所白房子里，你从那边可以望得见它的屋顶。31. （关系代词）玛丽是一个人人喜爱的女孩子。32. （关系代词）这就是前几天你在百货商店买的那只表吗？33. （关系代词）在那只箱子里面我发现一张看上去象旧地图的东西。34. （关系代词）他买的那只表价钱很贵。35. （关系代词）他是我遇见过的身材最高的人。36. （关系代词）那就是他住的房子。37. （关系代词型的what）他取出了装在口袋里的东西。38. （关系代词型的What）我想做的事情就是周游世界。39. （关系代词）教我们英国史的史密斯先生是波士顿大学毕业的。40. （关系代词）他那所在山谷里的房屋是两年前建的。41. （强调结构）真正强大的是人民。42. （强调结构）汤姆寻找的并不是这本辞典。43. （关系副词）这是我父亲出生的城镇。44. （关系副词）告诉我你昨天为什么没上学。45. （动词不定式）当初他们的计划是在郊区建一座新工厂。46. （动词不定式）游过河去当时是不可能的。47. （动词不定式）他希望买一辆新自行车。48. （动词不定式）冬天他们喜欢在湖上溜冰。49. （疑问词不定式）请告诉我接着还干什么？50. （疑问词不定式）什么时候举行晚会，你们决定了没有？51. （Itto的结构）购买新杂志是我的最大乐趣。52. （Itto的结构）当时乘公共汽车到处旅行是非常有趣的。53. （Itforto的结构）对于你们来说为自己的学校而感到自豪是理所当然的。54. （Itofto的结构）谢谢你对我的帮助。55. （动词不定式的主语）我盼望考试及格。56. （动词不定式逻辑上的主语）我盼望你考试及格。57. （从属连词that）我认为汤姆非常聪明。58. （从属连词that）我当时认为汤姆非常聪明。59. （Itthat的结构）他真是一位伟大的科学家的儿子。60. （强调结构）就在昨天他因公出差去非洲了。61. （复合句与简单句）我认为在天黑以前到达那里是困难的。62. （动词不定式）他当时找不到给他出主意的人。63. （动词不定式）我家里还有许多事情要做。64. （动词不定式）他经常来看我。65. （动词不定式）为了准备早饭她起得很早。66. （动词不定式）见到你我很高兴。67. （动词不定式）听了这个消息我很难过。68. （动词不定式）我将乐于为你带路。69. （动词不定式）白百合花很好看。70. （动词不定式）英语并不容易学。71. （动词不定式）那个小男孩长大后成了一个伟大的科学家。72. （动词不定式）那天早晨他们出发到黑暗的森林里去就再也没回来。73. （不带to的不定式）我看见他走进园子里去了。74. （不带to的不定式）他父亲叫他在家里干活。75. （否定词不定式）我下定决心不再粗枝大叶了。76. （否定词不定式）请答应（保证）将来不再犯同样的错误。77. （be to）我的一个朋友将（预定）在后天来看望我们。78. （be going to）我们打算今年夏天攀登泰山。79. （tooto）他年纪太大不能工作了。80. （enough to）他年纪已大，满可以工作了。81. （tooforto）天气太热他们不能长时间在野外劳动。82. （enoughforto）车站离得非常近，汤姆五分钟就可以赶到。83. （被动语态不定式）人们当时都认为我是一个大发明家。84. （被动语态不定式）有人曾看见他走进房间去了。85. （动名词）你爱听美好的音乐吗？86. （动名词）当他是个小孩子的时候就（已经）开始学英语了。87. （going）有一天他们到靠近汤姆住宅的一条河里捕鱼去了。88. （going）我母亲时常周末去买东西。89. （分词）你认识弹钢琴的那个姑娘吗？90. （分词）他从未杀害过生活在森林里的任何动物。91. （分词）那位老人站着看了一会儿篮球赛。92. （分词）一条棕色的长尾狗朝着我们跑来。93. （分词）我看见几个少年在向一只狗投掷石头。94. （分词）我们发现厨房的桌子上有些食物。95. （have过去分词）昨天我请人把鞋修补过了。96. （have过去分词）你的钱包什么时候被偷掉的？97. （分词短语作状语）他轻轻地把门打开向室内望去。98. （分词短语作状语）当我沿着街道走去时，碰见了许久不见的表兄弟。99. （祈使法and）努力工作，那么你就会成功。100. （祈使法or）努力工作，否则你就不会成功。101. （Im sure）在天黑以前我们一定能够赶到那里。102. （Im sorry等）很抱歉我没能遵守我的诺言。103. （虚拟语气）我要是英语能够讲得再漂亮点就好了。104. （虚拟语气）我要是没犯下那个错误该多好！105. （虚拟语气）假如我是一个和你一样年纪的姑娘的话，我会下同样的决心的。106. （虚拟语气）要是我知道他的住址，我就会给他写信了。107. （虚拟语气）要是当时他学习努力（的话），他就能够考进大学了。108. （虚拟语气）明天万一下雨，我们就延期举行运动会吧。109. （had better）你最好立刻到医院去。110. （would rather）天气这样好，我宁可出去散步也不呆在家里。111. （时态的一致）他说他见到我们很高兴。112. （时态的一致）我们的老师告诉我们他就住在北京郊区。113. （间接疑问句）请告诉我你出生在什么地方。114. （间接疑问句）我当时并不知道他什么时候从国外回来的。115. （间接疑问句）我来想想办法，看是否能够给你找到一个更好一点的。116. （间接疑问句）他问我是否愿意和他们一起去郊游（野餐）。117. （直接引语和间接引语）1. How kind your mother is!2. What a kind man your father is! Examples:1. How beautiful this picture looks!2. What a beautiful view this is!3. How fast time flies!4. What a fast runner he is!5. How silly her mistake is!6. What a silly mistake she has made!7. How sweet these roses smell!8. What lovely birds these are!9. What a comfortable room you have!10. What a strange fish you have caught!11. How hard Mary is working!12. What a hard worker John is!(说明)感叹句感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子，用降调。1. 感叹句结构有两种形式，通常顺序如下：a. 感叹句How + 形容词（或副词）+ 主语 + 谓语动词。b. 感叹词What + （a）形容词 + 名词 + 谓语动词2. 感叹词How（多么）用作状语，修饰形容词，副词和动词。例：How clever you are! How well she sings!How he hates the enemies!注意：修饰动词时，动词不移前。What 作定语，修饰名词。例：What a place it is!（多好的地方啊！）Exercises：将下列各句变成感叹句：1. He studies very diligently every day.2. He is a very diligent student.3. You get up very early.4. You are a very clever boy.Keys:1. How diligently he studies!2. What a diligent student he is!3. How early you get up!4. What a clever boy you are!3. This picture is very beautiful, isnt it?4. You dont like cheese, do you?Examples:1. This is a dirty room, isnt it?2. Your children are all happy, arent they?3. She has a loud voice, hasnt she?4. You went on a picnic last week, didnt you?5. We cannot start out in this weather, can we?6. They havent come home yet, have they?7. You will promise, wont you?8. They didnt read your report, did they?9. She was spending too much money on her hobby, wasnt she?(说明)反意疑问句（Disjunctive Questions）或附加疑问句（Tag Questions）附在陈述句后对所叙述的事实提出反问的简短问句，叫反意疑问句，用来向对方一再叮问。如：“对吗？；对吧？；”等等。如果主句是肯定的，那么反意疑问句便要用否定形式；如果主句是否定的，反意疑问句便要用肯定形式。这种否定必须用dont, havent, isnt 等的简缩形式，在时态方面要注意和主句里的谓语相一致。例：He is your teacher, isnt he? 表示疑问，用升调；例：It is a good film, isnt it? 用来加强语气，用降调。Exercises:1. You lived in the countryside then.2. You will help me to weed the garden.3. He studies English every evening.4. She does not speak French.Keys:1. You lived in the countryside then, didnt you?2. You will help me to weed the garden, wont you?3. He studies English every evening, doesnt he?4. She does not speak French, does she?5. I am enjoying my vacation in Beijing.6. They were suffering from influenza.7. I shall be traveling in America about this time next month.Examples:1. What are you doing here?2. We are gathering wild flowers.3. Were you watching television when I phoned you?4. The boat is rowing slowly towards the island.5. Who is crying upstairs?6. The family will be having their lunch when you arrive at their home.7. The teacher must be reading our papers in a dim light.8. I have been exchanging letters with my pen pal for three years.9. The wind had been blowing hard till noon.（当时风很大，一直刮到中午。）（说明）进行时的形式在哪一个时态都可以有进行时的形式。但表示“状态”和“感觉”以及“欲望”的动词，一般不能用于进行时态，因为它们并不能表示正在进行的动作。如“love（爱）；have（当“有”讲时）；know（知道）；like（喜欢）；believe（相信）；understand（懂）；see（当“看见”讲时）；hear（听见）；think（认为）；hope（盼望）；want（想要）；wish（希望）。不能说 I am loving my children.Exercises:1. I was leaving when he came to see me.2. They were sitting around the fire when I entered.3. How long have you been studying English?4. 有多少人在那个房间里听无线电广播？5. 他在哪里学习呢？在楼上。Keys:1. 当他来看我时，我正要外出。2. 我进来时他们正在围着炉火坐着。3. 你学英语已经多久了？4. How many people were listening to radio in the room?5. Where is he studying? -Upstairs.8. I have already finished my work.9. He has never been to Shanghai.10. I have been ill since last Sunday.11. I have been waiting for you for two hours.Examples:1. Have you read this book yet?2. I havent handed in the application form yet.3. The citys population has grown beyond three million.4. Have you lost your new watch?5. I have been to the bus stop to see him off.6. He has been in England several times.7. She has been our teacher since we took up the course.8. She has been writing a novel since two years ago.（说明）现在完成时的用法（1）表示在说话之前已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有着影响。例：He has gone to Shenyang.（他已经到沈阳去了）结果表明：“他现在已不在这里。”（2）动作在过去完成，表示经验。例：I have never seen a lion.（我从来没有见过狮子。）（3）表示到现在的状态或动作的继续。例：I have long wanted to see you.（我很久就想见见你。）例：We have studied English for three years.（我们已经学习三年英语了。）（4）要注意现在完成时动作虽然发生在过去，但却是现在的情况，属于现在时态，因此不能和表示确定的过去时间的状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, in 1981等。但却可以和表示过去时间的副词before（以前），just（刚才）等连用。（5）现在完成时常和表示不确定的时间状语连用，如：already, ever, often, notyet（还没有），once, twice等。（6）它常常和用since连接的时间状语连用；也可以和包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用，如：now, today, this week ( month, year )等。Exercises:1. I have learned these sentences by heart.2. He has once been to that island.3. 从他还是个孩子的时候起，我就喜爱他了。4. 近三年以来我们就一直在学习英语。（近年来 these years）Keys:1. 这些句子我已经记住了。2. 他一度到过那个岛子。3. I have loved him since he was a child.4. We have been studying English these three years.12. I had reached the inn before it got dark.13. We had never met him till then.14. He had been ill till last Thursday.15. He said that he had seen me before.Examples:1. I had composed several songs before I was twenty.2. They had found out my name by the time I told it to him.3. They had often visited the old tower when they were in London.4. We had never heard of his name till it appeared in one of the local papers.5. How long had she been absent from school till that day?6. He had long been looking for job till Jack gave him one.（在杰克给他工作以前，他一直在找工作。）7. He lost his camera which his father had bought him only the previous day.（说明）过去完成时的用法表示在过去某时间之前（1）已完成的动作（例12）。（2）表示过去的经验（例13）。（3）表示过去一段时间的继续（例14）。这里应该注意的是：（4）为了适应时态一致的需要，因而使用过去完成时（例15）。这个例句是从直接引语He said, “ I have seen you before.”转变为间接引语而来的，所以才用had seen。 Exercises:1. I had never heard the gossip till then.2. He believed that he had taken me in.3. 当我到达火车站时，火车已经开了。4. 她一直病到圣诞节。Keys:1. 在那以前我从未听见过这种闲话。2. 他相信他已骗了我。3. When I got to the station, the train had already started.4. She had been ill till Christmas.16. My daughter cleans this room every day.17. This room is cleaned by my daughter every day. Examples:1. This article was written by Tom.2. Was the star discovered by a German astronomer?3. She is admired by every girl in the neighborhood.4. By whom was the airliner shot down?5. English is now spoken practically everywhere in the world.6. The news was announced at half past six yesterday afternoon.7. The information was kept secret for a long time, as it was very important.8. A new museum will be built here before long.9. This plan must be changed.（说明）主动语态（及物动词+宾语）和被动语态（be + 及物动词的过去分词）主动语态中的宾语在被动语态中成为主语，主动语态中的主语处于被动语态时，通常用by来表示。如果这个by的短语的含义不言自明时，那么在习惯上通常可以省略。Exercises:1. They speak English and French in Canada.2. The bank will dismiss John soon.3. Our teacher will blame Mary tomorrow.4. She loved her children very dearly.Keys:1. Both English and French are spoken in Canada.2. John will soon be dismissed by the bank.3. Mary will be blamed by our teacher tomorrow.4. Her children were loved very dearly by her.18. His name was not known to the world.19. We were surprised at the news.20. This mountain will be covered with snow in winter.Examples:1. The plan is known to everybody.2. The table was covered with a white cloth and a vase laid on it.3. This desk is made of wood.4. Wine is made from grapes.5. We were delighted at his speeches.6. Are you interested in biology?7. Where were you born?8. They will be married at the end of this month.9. The mystery has already been cleared up.（那件神秘的事已经弄明白了。）10. The difficult problem has not been solved.11. You will be disappointed at the result.12. The doctor was sent for immediately.（说明）注意被动语态中“by”以外的其它介词（1）The world didnt know his name.; The news surprised us. 等句在改为被动语态时，并不用“by”的形式，而要根据它的具体意义分别用介词to, at, with, in 等等。（2）象“吃惊”；“出生”；“感兴趣”等等，通常都用被动语态表示。（3）根据具体情况，在被动语态中也可用将来时态和完成时态表示。（4）有些短语动词，由“动词 + 介（副）词”或由“动词 + 名词 + 介词”构成，（如set up, carry out, send for, take care of 等）在使用其被动句式时，要注意不可丢掉词组末尾的副词或介词，如：（12）中的for。Exercises: 将下列各句改为被动语态：1. History interests us very much.2. A sound started（惊动）her.3. Snow covered the peak（山顶）.4. They will build a new bridge here.Keys:1. We are very much interested in history.2. She was started by a sound.3. The peak was covered with snow.4. A new bridge will be built here.21. I was given a new uniform.22. A new dress was m