东方航空公司战略定位.doc

东方航空公司战略定位摘 要随着经济全球化和国内市场化的深入，重组后的东方航空面临着巨大的挑战，在这种情况下，制定一个明确的战略定位意义重大。本文通过运用战略管理的部分方法，从详细分析东方航空公司的内外部环境入手，总结出东方航空公司所面临的机会与威胁、存在的优势和劣势，然后运用SWOT分析对东方航空公司的战略选择进行匹配，最后给出东航的总体战略定位，并对达到战略目标，实现战略定位的实施手段进行了初步的探讨。文章前半部分主要是对东方航空公司的外部环境因素：经济、政治、自然、社会、文化、技术、竞争因素的分析。在竞争因素分析中采用的是麦克尔波特的竞争结构分析法。由于竞争因素的分析格外重要，所以与其他因素分开来放在第三、四章讨论。而五种竞争力中的行业内竞争状况分析，由于既描述了东航的机会与威胁，又包含了内部能力的分析，给出了东航的优势与劣势，同时还确认了东航的主要竞争对手，内容与其他四种竞争力不同，也更加的重要，所以单独在第四章中讨论。销售渠道由于具有购买者的特征，故纳入五种竞争力中买方一节的分析范围。文中的第五章把前面对各种因素的充分描述与分析进行了一个总结归纳，提炼出东航所面临的机会与威胁、优势和劣势，为东航的战略定位做好准备，起到承上启下的作用。第六章利用第五章归纳的资料，运用SWOT分析的方法，对东航的战略进行选择匹配，然后全面总结东航的各种战略选择，给出东航的总体战略定位“以东西向为主，立足国内，连接海外；构建以干线支线相互连接的中枢辐射航线为主，城市对航线为辅的航线网络；以多层次的，优质的服务，向广大旅客提供最有价值的航空旅行选择。”为了支撑东航的战略定位，本文接着对东航战略的实施手段进行了初探，给出了实现战略目标九条途径。我相信通过正确的战略定位和有效的战略实施，东方航空公司必然能在未来的竞争中争取全面的主动。关键字：东方航空公司，战略定位，外部环境因素分析，行业竞争结构分析，SWOT分析，中枢辐射航线THE STRATEGIC POSITIONING OF CHINA EASTERNAIRLINEABSTRACTAlong with the globalization of Economics and the penetration ofdomestic market, China Eastern Airline after restructure is facing fiercecompetition. It is crucial to establish a clear strategic positioning under such circumstances.By using the methodology of strategic management, the thesis analysizedboth inner and outer environment of China Eastern Airline, and summarized the opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of the company. After that, the thesis also give a SWOT analysis to different strategy choices and finally came out the basic strategic positioning. Furthermore, the thesis conducted a elementary discussion on how to achieve the target and implement the strategy.In the first half of the thesis, the outer environmental factors are analysised including economics, politics, natural resources, cultures,technology and competition. During the analysis of competitive factor,Michael Porters Competitive Structure Method are elaborated separately in Chapter 3&4 due to it is of great importance. Within the five competitive factors, the competition in aviation industry is more complicated than others therefore are discussed in Chapter 4 including SWOT analysis, infrastructure capability analysis and key competition analysis of China Eastern Airline.The sales channel is brought into the buyer factor section because it has the character of buyer.In Charpter 5, the thesis summarized all the SWOT that China EasternAirline are facing, and established the foundation for further strategicpositioning. Different strategic choices are discussed in Chapter 6 andfinally came out the basic strategic positioning : Establish hub-spoke webwith point to point airlines as supplement and base upon domestic marketto develop oversea transportation service finally mainly shape east-westdirection skyway; Provide excellent and the most valuable services to satisfy vast various passengers demand, and built a predominant image of the company. In order to support this positioning, the thesis also further discussed the implementation method and provided 9 possible ways to achieve the target.The thesis reckon that China Eastern Airline will strive for the predominating position in the future competition through the right strategic positioning and effective implementation.KEY WORDS: China Eastern Airline, strategic positioning, outerenvironmental factor analysis, industry competitive structure analysis, SWOT analysis, hub-spoke web.前言二十多年的改革，中国的经济建设跌宕起伏，波澜壮阔。置身于其中的中国航空公司也经历着从无到有，由小到大的历程。在此间，中国的民航企业由政府的各民航局改制形成，从小飞机、小机队开始作起，经历90 年代初的飞速发展，也经历了90 年代末全面衰，落1998 年全行业亏损24.4 亿元。为了迎接入世后，国外航空公司的竞争，也为了改变中国民航业混乱的竞争状况，2002 年中国民航总局对民航业进行了大的改组，将民航局与企业彻底分离开将原来总局直属的九家航空公司合并为三大航空集团公司中国南方航空公司中国国际航空公司中国东方航空公司研究了中国民航业的资料后可以发现民航业全面效益滑坡的根本原因在于航空公司的战略定位不清大量规模较小的公司拥挤在有限的客流丰富的航线上经营而中国广阔的航空市场并没有得到挖掘航空业存在着结构性的重叠问题当然造成这种现象的深层原因来自中国逐步向市场转型的经济体制和政治体制但随着这些深层问题的解决中国的航空公司将进入真正的市场化竞争同时随着世贸组织的加入中国的航空公司也面临着全球化的巨大压力如何应对这些挑战呢首先各航空公司应该认真分析自身的情况然