翻译PPT文档整理.doc

PPT上的翻译Lecture 2-1 Semantic Translation -1一、Polysemy 一词多义My father works in a factory.He works a duck farm.He worked his way through college.I am working on a new book on translation.Do you know how to work an abacus?He is learning to work the machine.The steamer is working westward.The gears are working smoothly.The new car works by solar energy.This sort of wood is easy to work.我父亲在一家工厂上班。他经营一家养鸭场。他靠打工挣学费上完了大学。我正在写一本关于翻译的新书。你会打算盘吗？他在学习操作这台新机器。轮船正向西行驶。排挡运转灵活。这辆新车靠太阳能驱动。这种木材易于加工。The plan worked well.The wind has worked round.It took him several hours to work the crossword puzzle.That police normally works the nearby streets.My watch has stopped because some screw has worked loose.That proves man can work wonder.The cost works out at a hundred dollars each.I think may be they are working him.计划进展顺利。风转向了。他花了几个小时填该字谜。这位警察通常负责附近几条街的治安。我的表停了，因为有一颗螺丝（变）松了。这证明了人类能够创造奇迹。计算出成本为每件100美元。我想他们也许是在作弄他。2、 Colocative Meaning 搭配意义The solution arrived at by that mathematician is correct.那位数学家得出的解式是正确的。The solution arrived at by that manager is correct.那位经理得出的结论是正确的。The treatment solution makes their products more fresh and durable.处理液剂使得他们的产品色泽新鲜、经久耐用。Pushing or pulling, however, does not necessarily mean doing work.然而，推或拉未免意味着作功。The works of these watches are all home-produced and wear well.这些表的机件均系国产，耐磨性好。Temperature required for annealing is a function of two factors, (1) the nature of the material, (2) the amount of work that has been done prior to annealing.退火所需的温度随两个因素而变：（1）材料特性， （2）退火前的加工量。3、 Colorful Meaning Indeed, the past five years have seen the beginnings of an important transformation in the U.S. economy: Overseas trade has contributed about 30% real growth in the economy since the trade deficit peaked in 1986. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union means many more potential customers over the next decade. (Business Week)的确，五年来美国经济已经开始了重大的转变。 东欧及苏联共产主义的失势表明，今后10年中将出现更多的潜在客户。Frances Spie Batignolles rushed in, and Mitsui, bitter and confused, has nearly dropped out the deal. (Business Week)这时法国的Spie Batignolles公司趁虚而入，而感到慌乱痛苦的三井公司几乎已经放弃这笔交易。An advancing rate tempts potential sellers to hold their foreign funds off the market in the hope of securing a better rate, while potential buyers may rush to cover requirements before the rate goes higher. (Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade in Canada)看涨的汇率诱使潜在的卖汇人把外汇资金攥在手里不进入市场，以期卖得更好的价钱，而潜在的买汇人可能在汇率进一步攀升之前就赶紧补进所需要的头寸。4、 ReinforcementI think your suggestion will work. 我看你的建议行得通。The new rules are working well.新规定执行得很顺利。The treatment works like magic.这种疗法功效神奇。Sometimes you might think the machines we worship make all the chief appointments, promoting the human beings who seem closer to them.有时你可能认为，一切重要的官职都是由我们所崇拜的当权人物任命的，他们把那些看来最接近的人物提拔起来。There was much traffic at night and many mules on the road with boxes of ammunition on each side of their pack-saddles and gray motor trucks that carried men, and other trucks with loads covered with canvas that moved slower in the traffic. 夜间，这里运输繁忙，路上有许多骡子，鞍的两侧驮着弹药箱、灰色的卡车装满了士兵，还有一些辎重车辆，用帆布盖着，在路上慢慢的行驶着。Lecture 2-2 semantic translate-2Warming upSome Japanese leaders blame Americas trade problems on our overweight, underworked, illiterate workers. Is it true? Lets concede the waistline points; after all, where else in the world is dieting big business? And thoughtful Americans have long argued that the illiterate faction of our work force is disgracefully high. (Business Week)一些日本领导人把美国的贸易问题归咎于我们本身机构臃肿、工作效率低下以及工人的素质太差。果真如此吗？让我们姑且退一步承认这一点吧，然而世界上到底还有什么别的地方在限制大型企业的经营活动呢？而老谋深算的美国人长久以来都在证明：我们劳动大军中的文盲人数之多实在令人汗颜。The underwriter realizes this and certainly does not set out to make life difficult for his agency colleagues. However, he has a job to do. Part of that job is to ensure that people who attempt to buy policies because they expect to die soon do not succeed in fooling him and his company. (Field Financial Underwriting 被保人意识到这一点，当然不会给他的代理同事出难题，但是他又有工作要做，其中部分工作是保证做到那些因预期不久会“死亡”而打算购买保单的人不能得逞，骗不了他本人，也骗不了他的公司。Here the exporters assets (the money due from the overseas buyer) will always match his liability (his foreign currency borrowing).这样，出口商的资产（应收海外买方的款项）和自己的债务（海外借款）之间总是（保持）平衡的。And for good reason: Lenders worry that theyll be throwing money down a black hole.其原因很清楚，放款者担心他们的钱会扔进一个无底洞。The digital camera is one of the most sensational developments in recent years.数码相机是近年来最为轰动社会的成就之一。A heavy steel rolling mill is being built.一座大型轧钢厂正在建设中。When we speak, sound waves begin to travel and go in all directions.我们讲话时，声波就会开始传放，并向四面八方扩散。The major problem in manufacture is the control of contamination and foreign materials.生产制造过程中的一个主要问题是控制污染和杂质。Extension1、Extend the word meaning to cover an abstraction conceptThe president does his best to keep his finger on the pulse of his companys activities.总裁竭尽全力去掌握公司的运转情况。（摸的脉搏？）The weakness of the dollar reflects growing problems facing the US economy, one that seeks to pursue both guns and butter.美元疲软反映出美国经济一个力图使军事与经济发展并重的经济体所面临的日益严重的一些问题。（大炮和黄油？）Earnings per share have mushroomed at a 34% annual compounded rate. 若以复利计算，则每股的利益每年激增了34%。（像蘑菇般地迅速增长？）The emerging trends suggest USs grip on the steering wheel is slipping. 正在出现的各种趋势表明，美国（对全球经济）的控制权正在削减。（美国对方向盘的掌握？） 2、 Extend the word meaning to cover a specific conceptAll the wit and learning in the economic circle will be present at the seminar. 经济界的所有专家学者将出席这次研讨会。（智慧与学识？）Carter refused any comment on developments in China, saying only we have watched the situation with great interest. 卡特拒绝在中国所发生的事情进行任何评论，只是说，“我们以极大的兴趣密切的关注形势。” （发展？）Public opinion is demanding more and more that something be done about noise.公众舆论越来越强烈地要求为消除噪音应该采取某些措施。The list of Western financial institutions relying on support from Asian reads like a Whos Who in international finance.将依靠亚洲支持的西方金融机构罗列出来，这个名单读起来会像是国际金融领域的“名人录”。（谁是谁；人们的情况，如姓名、工作、身份等？）Marketing must not be understood in the old sense of making a sale, telling and selling, but in the new sense of discovering and satisfying customer needs.营销不是传统意义上的“王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸”式地卖东西，其新理念为发展并且满足顾客的需求。（说和卖？）3.principleSelect word meanings according to word classesLike knows like. (n.)英雄识英雄。（同类相知。）Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. (adj.)相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。He likes mathematics more than physics. (v.)他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. (prep.)在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃像金子一般在闪闪发亮。Decide word meanings according to the contextual and logical relationshipNo context, no text. You know a word by the company it keeps.Im going to have a class, the girl said.女生说：“我去听课。” （我要去上课。 听老师讲课。）Im going to have a class, the teacher said.老师说：“我去讲课。” （我要去上课。 给学生授课。）The books are closed before the dictation gets started.请听写时合上书本。The books are closed, as the company is privately owned.这是私营公司，账目对外保密。Translate literally without any extensionShould you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.如果您的打印机还有其他问题，请与经销商联系。Should you find interest in any of the items in our catalogue, please do not hesitate to send enquiries.如对目录中的任何项目感兴趣，请径直寄来询盘。These Rules shall govern the arbitration except that where any of these Rules is in conflict with a provision of the law applicable to the arbitration from which the parties cannot derogate, that provision shall prevail.本规则应管辖仲裁，但若本规则任何条款同适用于仲裁而为当事人各方所不能违背的法律规定相抵触时，则该规定应优先适用。Crest whitens white.佳洁士牙膏使牙齿白上加白。 Suit words or phrases to Chinese descriptionHe who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find a stick.欲加之罪，何患无辞。Applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.有工作经验者优先录用。Emancipation would be empty talk until justice remains blind to color.除非法律对白人黑人一视同仁，否则解放只是一句空话。For Persons over 18 Years of Age未满18岁者禁止入内。Satisfaction or your money back包您满意，不满退款。ReinforcementI was rather literary in college.我在上大学时喜欢舞文弄墨。The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face.他脸上透着凶残与贪婪。Alone and penniless, she told Philip that the other man had not married her.她孤苦伶仃，并且身无分文。她告诉菲利普，那个男人没有和她结婚。It is very much like communicating with an accurate robot who has a very small vocabulary and who takes everything literally.这很像和一丝不苟的机器人讲话，机器人只有很少的词汇，而且你怎么说它就怎么做。The tests on the cooled air are given in the table.冷空气的各项实验数据已列入表中。A growing number of parents complain that children nowadays always live ahead of their salaries.越来越多的父母抱怨，现在子女的生活费往往使他们入不敷出。Our products, if maintained properly and regularly, can at least see twenty years service.我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少可以使用20年。It is not just Britains breathing in which makes it so international, but also its breathing out.英国之所以成为如此国际化的国家，不仅仅在于她大量地吸纳国外的人力和物力资源，而且还在于她大量地向国外输出其人力和物力资源。Asian financial institutions may have some exposure to US structured credit risks, but there are regional instances of over-extended credit markets. 亚洲的金融机构可能会受到美国结构信贷风险的一些危害，但确实也有一些区域性的信贷市场拓展过度的例子。E-banking will see use in peoples managing finance.电子银行在人们的理财生活中得到应用。1. Provided you fulfill the terms of the credit, we will accept and pay at maturity the draft under this credit.在贵公司履行信用证条款的条件下，我行将承兑并于期满时支付信用证项下提示的汇票。2. Under federal law, medigap policies are policies that are specifically designed to complement your medicare benefits.在联邦法中，补充性医疗计划就是专门用来补充医疗保健福利的计划。3. We enclose our Shipping Instructions Form and shall be glad if you will fill this in and return it to us, together with a copy of the invoice for Customs Clearance abroad.随船寄装船指示单，请填妥后寄回，并附发票一份，供国外清关用。4. A firms involvement in exporting products can range from a minimal commitment all the way to considering exports as necessary for the firms survival and growth. 公司在产品出口过程中的参与程度迥异，从最小的出口量直到视出口量为公司生存和发展的必要条件，各种情况都存在。5. We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.我们坚持主张国际贸易不应是有来无往。6. The big multinational companies were able to cream off the best graduate students from the business schools in American universities because they paid more than the local companies.大型跨国公司挖走了美国各大学商学院的尖子研究生，因为他们所提供的薪水比本地公司高。7. One of the major advantages of an individual proprietorship is the ease with which it can start. There are few formalities, relatively little red tape and few fees to pay.独资企业的主要优点之一就是企业启动比较容易，手续简单，相对而言无需太多的繁文缛节，所付手续费也较少。8. The combined volume of imports and exports increased from 325.2 billion US dollars in 1997 to 620.8 billion in 2002, raising China from the tenth to the fifth place in the world.9. Electronic businesses fall into two main groups: dot com companies and existing companies that are undergoing business transformation.中国对外贸易进出口总额由1997年的3252亿美元增加到2002年的6208亿美元，世界排名由第十位上升到第五位。 （ imports and exports 进口和出口 进口的产品和出口的产品）电子商务分成两大类：建在网上的公司和正在经历商业变革的现有公司。（网络公司 ）10.The distributors looked with favor on your sample shipment.您发来的样货得到了经销商的赞许。Lecture2-3 Semantic Translation -3Warming-up ExercisesThe operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。They are quite content with the statistical data on exports and imports of last year.他们满足于去年的进出口统计数据。The irregularly shaped parts of that machine can be washed very clean by ultrasonic waves.用超声波可以把这台机器中的形状不规则部件洗得十分干净。At a constant price, the supply of commodity is positively proportional to its profit.价格不变，则一类商品的供应数量与其所获得利润成正比例(正比)。The computer is mainly characterized by accuracy and quick computation.计算机的主要特点是计算快速、准确。The description they make about the sales promotion of our products is usually the competition.他们对促销我们产品的描述，通常是为了竞争。一、Convert English nouns into Chinese verbs, adjectives, or adverbsInternational trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another.国际贸易就是将一个国家生产的商品和提供的服务与另一个国家生产的商品和提供的服务进行交换。The spokesman admitted the feasibility of the American proposals.发言人承认，美国的建议是可取的。Theres no future in trying to sell furs in a hot country.在气候炎热的国家里做皮货生意是不会有前途的。I have the honour to inform you that your request is granted.我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。二、Convert English adjectives into Chinese adverbs, verbs, or nounsThere is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.目前，我国各地对各种消费品的需求量已大大增加。Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.科学家深信物质是不灭的。The export trade is subject to many risks. Ships may sink or consignments be damaged in transit, exchange rates may alter, buyers default or governments suddenly impose an embargo.出口贸易常遇到许多风险。例如船舶可能沉没，货物可能在运输途中受损，外汇兑换率可能有变动，买主可能违约，或者政府突然宣布禁运。Official Moscow is going to object the proposal.莫斯科官方反对此项提议。The new treaty would be good for 20 years.新条约的有效期为20年。三、Convert English adverbs into Chinese nouns, verbs, or adjectivesIt was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the USA.官方宣布，他们就给美国复函一事达成了一致意见。The image must be dimensionally correct.图形的尺寸必须准确。The oil in the tank is up.油箱里的油已经用完。Why should we let in foreign goods when Americans walk the streets because they cant sell their own goods?在美国人由于推销不出自己的产品而徘徊街头之际，为什么我们还要让外国货进口呢？It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic.已经证明，气体具有理想的弹性。四、Convert English verbs into Chinese nounsThe man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American.我在聚会上见到的那个人，外表和谈吐都像美国人。He was motivated by a desire to reach a compromise.他的动机是希望达成某种妥协。Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earths atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计是在完成使命后在大气层中焚毁。五、Convert English prepositions into Chinese verbsAre you for or against the plan?你赞成还是反对这个计划？Break the circuit first in case of fire.如遇火灾，首先切断电源。Coming! Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“来了！”她转身蹦跳着跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。We should advise you to get in touch with them for your requirements.建议你方与他们取得联系，洽购所需商品。Reinforcement Be through with the discussion about all the details before the contract is signed. 在签订合同之前，务必把全部细节讨论完毕。Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will be in the custody of the customs.交关税前，进口货物由海关保管。The average diesel engine weighs about 15 pounds per horsepower.柴油机每匹马力的平均机身重量为15磅。A continuous increase in the trade volume of Chinas exports has lead to a continuous demand from some major developed countries of the increase in the value of Chinas currency.中国出口贸易额度持续增加，已导致了一些主要发达国家不断要求中国货币升值。The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors.经济环境的特点是买卖和竞争。The failure of the firm was caused by poor management.这家公司因管理不善而破产。That beverage is refreshing and nourishing.这种饮料既有营养又提神。Take a drive around New York or Los Angeles, and it wont come as any surprise that the U.S. has neglected its infrastructure.在纽约或洛杉矶开车绕城一周，你就会惊奇地发现，美国忽视了基础建设。Lecture2-4 Semantic Translation -4Warming-upThere were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ordinary Chinese with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有普通中国人挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表示，但是现在看来，这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，来断定是不是自己生的。At 8:30 every morning, she came to her work-sweeping, and scrubbing and cleaning.每天上午8点30分，她都来干活扫地、拖地板、收拾房间。The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。1、 Requirements in rhetoric and meaningAmplification of Chinese verbs, nouns, adverbs, modal particles, classifier measure words, generalized words, and words expressing plural formsPepsi Co is riding a sizzling ad campaign to a bigger share.百事可乐公司正在发起一场如火如荼的广告战以夺取更大份额。Commercial banks other masterstroke was to stick with the bank branch concept in the dotcom boom when every other bank was trying to coax customers on to the web.商业银行的另一个高招是：在其他所有银行力图劝诱客户上网办理业务的银行网站热中，它坚持银行分行的理念。A great appreciation of the value of a strong financial department may eventually replenish the pool of talent.对一个强有力的财政部门价值的高度重视最终会弥补人才市场的匮乏。The crowds melted away.人群渐渐散开了。2、 Requirements in rhetoric and meaningHow time flies!时间过得真快啊！Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon.一钩新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。They talked about inflation, unemployment, financial investment and environmental protection.他们谈到了通膨、失业、融资以及环保等问题。The record performance of stock markets has enabled companies to finance major acquisitions on the strength of their inflated share prices.股票市场的空前繁荣使得各家公司可以依赖其上涨的股票价格去投资各种大规模的收购。Correspondents were flying off to Baghdad for interview last month.上个月，记者纷纷飞到巴格达进行采访。 sentence structure3、 Requirements in sentence structureAmplification for logic, expressiveness, and elliptical parts omitted in the originalIn good times and bad, people have to eat, use water and electricity, take medicine and travel to work and school. Companies that provide these basic services are dependable investments.不论情况好坏，人们总得吃饭、用水、用电、吃药和乘车上班上学。提供这些基本服务的公司股票是可以信赖的投资。The last thing the company wanted was a high-profile setback while Pepsi was gaining share.公司最不想看到的莫过于在百事赢得份额的同时自己遭受引人注目的挫折了。Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low.温度高，水就蒸发得快；温度低，水就蒸发得慢。 4、 Amplification of necessary cultural backgroundProcter & Gamble (P&G)世界著名日用消费品公司宝洁公司The New York Times, The Guardian, Le Monde, The Peoples Daily and The United Morning Post all reported the nuclear crises in South Asia.美国的纽约时报、英国的卫报、法国的世界报、中国的人民日报以及新加坡的联合早报都对南亚的核危机进行了报道。ReinforcementThis second-hand New iPad is indeed nice and not expensive.这二手”牛排”价廉物美。Hardly anyone today is self-sufficient. We depend on business firms to produce almost all our goods and services.当今几乎没有任何人能够做到自给自足。我们依赖各类生意公司生产出几乎我们所需的一切商品和服务。We dont retreat, we never