英语课堂教学——教师主宰还是学生中心(英语论文).doc

English Classroom Teaching: Teacher-Dominant or Student-Centered 论文题目： ContentsAbstract.3摘 要.41. Teachers Centered and Students Centered Theory.6 1.1 The History of Teachers Centered .6 1.2 The History of Students Centered.72. The Two Teaching Modes.83. How to Create Students Centered English Classroom Teaching.11 3.1 The Concept of Changes in Teaching.11 3.2 To Establish the Dominant Position and the Leading Role of Teachers.13 3.3 To Create a Democratic and Equal Teaching Atmosphere.14 4. Students Self-Learning Awareness.155. Arrangements for Carrying Out Interactive Teaching and Learn17References.2019English Classroom Teaching: Teacher-Dominant or Student-CenteredAbstract: Along with the challenge against the traditional classroom teaching mode, teacher-centered mode of teaching is replaced by the student-centered mode of teaching. This article mainly introduces the advantages of the student-centered mode of teaching. Then it simply analyzes the necessity of carrying out and the relationship with teaching in the class. Finally it introduces how to carry out the student-centered mode of teaching and encourages the foreign language teacher to make use of the new mode of teaching. Keywords: English Classroom Teaching, Teachers Centered, Students Centered, the Dominant Position英语课堂教学教师主宰还是学生中心摘要：随着对传统的课堂教学模式的挑战，以教师为中心的教学模式逐渐被以学生为中心的教学模式所取代。本文主要介绍了“以学生为中心”的教学模式的优势。然后简单分析开展的必要性和课堂教学的关系。最后，介绍了如何开展“以学生为中心”的教学模式，鼓励外语教师使用新的教学模式。关键词：英语课堂教学 教师中心 学生中心 主体地位 Over the years, how to understand the status and role of teachers and students in the teaching process has always been a vexed issue. Traditional teachers teaching mode of one-way indoctrination is commonly used by teachers to students in the classroom, students subject to the teacher, and losing the dominant position of learning can only passively accept. They lack of autonomy, initiative and creativity. The new teaching concept is agreed that the teaching activities must enable students to become active by the education. Training students ability to learn English in the teaching situation is the inevitable requirement of the modern language teaching theory; it is also a strong guarantee to improve English teaching efficiency. Teachers can improve the learning environment for English language learners to develop awareness and motivation of students learning, and the creation of the development of classroom teaching mode. They should strengthen the training of English learning strategies to make full use of multimedia, network resources, and guide students independent study measures gradually so that it shows the main role of the students in the English classroom. In teaching, the need to solve many problems of teaching and learning relationship is the essence of the teaching process. English classroom should be student-centered teachers and students interact actively and develop together, which is a major breakthrough in the traditional concept of teachers teach the students. English teaching should adapt to the cause of socialist modernization and develop students initial application of English communicative ability, and students can obtain a certain degree of self-learning ability through class learning. English teachers should have the awareness to fully embody the role of teacher-led and student-centered in the classroom, and should create active teaching and learning environment to stimulate students interest and ability, to train students to master and apply knowledge, to enable every student to fully develop.1. Teachers Centered and Students Centered Theory Teachers are the absolute authority in the traditional classroom teaching. They impart knowledge, always standing in front of the podium, tell the students what and why; students, as the absorption of knowledge always sitting on the seat, nod after they rote. Correspondence between teachers and students is static, never being the role of regulating. 1.1 The History of Teachers Centered In fact, classroom teaching has a long history. Early in the 17th century, Czech Comenius proposed a system of class instruction in his teaching theory, creating a teacher-centered teaching structure. For centuries, the theory of Teachers centered has gone through on the continuous development and improvement. It appears the optimization theory of Babanski, Bruners disciplinary structure theory, and Blooms mastery learning theory, in the middle of the 20th century, Ausubels teaching theory; they all have some innovations, but teacher-centered teaching structure remains unchanged. 1.2 The History of Students Centered In the Mid-20th century, Humanistic Psychology gradually rises in the academic community. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the innate human nature, Roger published a lot of articles about teaching on this point, and the Student Centered is one of the main ideas. Since then, the students center theory of Chomskys linguistic theory and cognitive instructional theory further are strengthened and improved. Chomsky proposed a transformational generative grammar that people have the gift of language acquisition device. With the language device, students can learn a foreign language. So the student should naturally be the center of the main body of teaching or learning. According to Cognitive instructional theory from Chomsky, students language ability is the core structure of the cognitive and it advocates learning a foreign language should be based on the understanding, so that the students should practice in real life communicative situation. Cognitive instructional theory launched one of the principles of teaching that is students centered. Constructivist learning theory holds that the situation and collaboration and interactive and meaning construction of the four elements of the learning environment, and students centered pedagogy is fully affirmed. In this way, there have been two kinds of pedagogy teacher-centered and student-centered .2. The Two Teaching Modes Based on these two teaching theory, there naturally exist two teaching modes: teacher-centered mode of teaching and student-centered teaching mode. Both teaching model contain the basic elements of teaching, teachers, and students, teaching content and teaching media. However, in these two teaching modes, there is a different relationship between the four elements. Ausubels meaningful reception learning theory, instructional strategies of the motive theory and advance organizer is the main theoretical basis of the teacher-centered teaching structure which fully support the teacher-centered teaching model. Constructivist learning theory and teaching theory are based on the structure of the main theoretical basis for student-centered teaching. Both teaching modes have their advantages and disadvantages. The outstanding merits of constructivist theory is conducive to the cultivation of creative thinking and innovation ability of creative talent; it requires teachers in the teaching process to give full play of the initiative and enthusiasm of the students in the learning process, to stimulate students interest in learning ,to create a relaxed harmonious learning atmosphere, so that students dare to speak, are willing to practice, to encourage students progress timely bit by bit so that they foster self-confidence, a sense of achievement, to respect individual differences and special needs of students, to give the necessary guidance and assistance; to help students to explore their own learning methods to understand and master the law of the memory, to develop good studying habits, and develop independent learning ability. At the same time, the role of teachers is also made specific requests, the teachers role is to organize the class inside and outside the various activities and guide students to learn English for their selection, doubts, and help groups to develop good study habits and culture of self-learning ability, so as to maintain a high learning enthusiasm. In Ausubels theory and constructivism, on the contrary, the teachers play a leading role, and emotional factors play an important role in the learning process too; however, it has a prominent disadvantage that forces students not to find what they need. As a result learners save placed in the passive acceptance and their learner initiative, creativity are difficult to play, and thus to suppress the students interest in learning, and thus not conducive to innovation and the growth of talent. English teaching practice has proved that the teacher-centered classroom teaching model is not conducive to students active thinking, and development of mind and personality expansion of their horizons. Teachers confine themselves to use certain teaching theories and practices, and do easy formal language drills. When students complete one stage of learning, they only master some of the rules of grammar and vocabulary phrases. The ability of students to use language to communicate is not nurtured. They will not be able to reach the English curriculum standards proposed as active thinking, showing the requirements of the personality, and personality development, and expanding their horizons. Teachers should show respect for individual differences, the English curriculum standards clearly states: the development of students is the starting point and destination of the English curriculum. English courses in goal setting, teaching process, curriculum evaluation, and teaching resources development should highlight the students thinking. Curriculum implementation should be under the guidance of teachers, so that the students can build knowledge, improve skills, sharpen the will, and think actively to show the personality development and expand the vision of the process. This is not only the students role understanding deeply, but also the stringent requirements of the change of the role of teachers. It asks the teachers to fully embody the characteristics of the process learners learning language from the teacher-centered transformation into a student-centered teaching process, the process of teaching English should be transformed into the process of language learning. The design of lesson plans should take into account students cognitive psychology and learning psychology. The quality education of learner-centered also requires teachers in the teaching process to fully take into account the characteristics of individual learners, and groups of students, such as interests, needs and thirst for knowledge, etc., so as to enable students to: think actively, show personality, and personality development, and expand their horizons .3. How to Create Students Centered English Classroom Teaching 3.1 The Concept of Changes in Teaching First, teachers should foster a sense of service for students. Teachers adhere to play a leading role in English teaching. The student-centered is actually the embodiment of the sense of service for students. Second, teachers should pay attention to the teaching and also follow with interest in the design activities. There is no activity, there is no communication; and there is no communication, the knowledge cannot be well absorbed, and the transformation of knowledge to the skills cannot be realized. The quality of teachers lesson plans preparation has a direct impact on the students learning, mastering and applying language skills, even including the students enthusiasm and interest in learning. Therefore, teachers should completely change the habits of the past, only which they impart knowledge of the language to get rid of the chalk and talk approach. The choices of teaching materials and object should be closely combined with classroom teaching program designed by the student-centered English classroom teaching practice, so that they can effectively complete the task of teaching. To create student-centered English classroom teaching, it requires students to change the old habit of learning in the learning process, to overcome the thought of the passive acceptance, and gradually establish students sense of self-learning. They prepare consciously before class and learn to ask questions. Once the students become active learners in class, they will have new requirements from the teachers according to their needs. From the previous teaching experience, the students learning initiative is poor, less than one-third of the students are able to do review after class. Due to the particularity of English learning, students worried most about the vocabulary, and this has led them be accustomed to reciting vocabulary, but with little success, meanwhile it easily harms the interest of their learning. To change this situation they should explore students learning habits from the point of students, and a new learning method should be established on this basis. First, in classroom instruction, teachers should get every student involved and encourage them to put forward some of the problems related to the content of the text, such as vocabulary, grammar, writing style, and writing skills to change the habit of passive acceptance; on the other hand according to the contents of the design, teachers should do some interesting games and the topics to students to improve their interest in participating in order to consolidate the knowledge. 3.2 To Establish the Dominant Position and the Leading Role of Teachers From teacher-centered to student-centered teaching mode, it will lead to the adjustment of the role of teachers and students in the classroom. But in the student-centered English classroom, teachers duties are not weakened but strengthened .Teachers are still the leading of classroom teaching, it shows that: to decide the student what to do, when to do, and how to do. Teachers play a leading role in the teaching process. Before the lesson, the teacher should be focused on preparing lessons carefully according to the characteristics and levels of students. In the class, teachers should not only guarantee the completion of the teaching program, but also make sure that classroom activities in an orderly manner; it is not only necessary to complete the teaching of key and difficult, but also to make the classroom in a lively atmosphere, so that the student can participate wholly, and their initiative and creativity can be fully exploited. In these teaching activities, the teacher is not only the organizer, but also the instructor and participant, observer, evaluator, and supervisor. Also they should provide and advise for students at any time ,and guide students in the progress of reaching ，listening to find the information that they want to know . They should not give answers to students directly. Therefore, the student-centered teacher does not mean the teachers have nothing to do, but they just play the role of leading to far beyond the general sense that they are the re-creators. According to learners needs and constantly add new content, and also to teach students how to become an active learner. In the student-centered English classroom, the students as a teaching subject is no longer a passive recipient of foreign language learning, they become active participants in teaching activities. In the classroom students can be positive, active, self-consciously learning, they become a self-discipline、 self-confidence、self-monitoring、self-management skills of learners: they can study by themselves ,can master their conduct , can consciously arrange their own study time ,can make evaluations on their own learning, can be able to overcome the original study habits, take the initiative to learn, to foster self-confidence, and to summarize their own learning methods and learning strategies. With such an attitude students can acquire knowledge and develop their own interpersonal skills even in limited teaching and language activities. 3.3 To Create a Democratic and Equal Teaching Atmosphere The teaching process is not simply a teacher teaching and a student learning, but also the feelings of both teachers and students through exchange. A democratic and equal teaching atmosphere makes each student be respected, and have equal status with others. Differences and the uniqueness between students can be recognized and respected, which is good for shaping students character. A democratic and equal teaching atmosphere make students have a sense of freedom, the free expression of the students in the teaching is involved in the main body of the teaching activities. The students have free time to arrange the learning activities, to select the learning content, and to explore ways of thinking. This democratization of the learning process make students learning objects into the main of learning, this is a concrete manifestation of the student-centered classroom teaching, it is necessary to establish a democratic, equal and harmonious relationship between teachers and students so that they can create a relaxed and harmonious educational environment, and it can mobilize the enthusiasm of students learning, induce students creative thinking so that students take the initiativ