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大学英语四级强化词汇与结构42词汇curse 诅咒sting钉abroad出国assiduous聚精会神torpedo鱼雷latelaterlatterlatestaccess进入excess过分concession让步approach接近faithful忠实的obedient顺从的shrew悍妇second (不能被more修饰)位于第二inferior (不能被more修饰)更低级的inferior (不能被more修饰)更高级的superior (不能被more修饰)更优先的generous慷慨legacy财产property财产remedy配方,治疗heal治疗(过程中)cure治好了treaty协议amount数量,等于,总计diverse不同的ideal理想steal偷seal图章deal处理,应付conceal隐瞒appeal呼吁reveal揭露economy经济economic经济的(life生活/crisis危机)economics经济学economical节俭的(=frugal)paper文件、论文、报纸、纸张husband节俭的生活extensive广泛的intensive精心的recognize认识spot发现identify考察serve服务reserve预定deserve值得preserve保留,腌浸zenith天顶enrich丰富(横向)enhance丰富,提高(纵向)vanish消失rise二星级重点-rose-risen 上升(太阳、数据)by 20%arise三星级重点-arose-arise浮现(situation , danger)raise一星级重点抬起来,抚养arouse唤起rate速率 production 费用daily pace 节奏步伐the pace of lifespeed 速度step脚步take steps to doadaptadapt 和adjust同时作为选项,adjust常为正确选项,而adept常为干扰项适应(人的心态)adopt抚养,收养adjust适应(人的心态,机器调整)adept熟练的artificial人造的+flowersfake假的+moneyfalse伪造的+teethunreal一件事情不是真的unnatural不自然的+smilemodest谦虚的honest诚实的humble = integrity谦逊的late一星级重点laterlatter / formerlatest一星级重点I am alone单独,作表语 , but I am not lonely孤独,作定语poorpoolpour穷群倾泻contest比赛protest反抗conquer征服creativity创造力(中立)creativeness创造力(正评价)creation发明创造acquire = pick up language/skilldespair绝望resemble长得像tremble颤抖tremendous巨大的,可怕的insane疯狂fatigues劳累exhaust劳累ignore(故意的)忽略,不理睬ignorant无知的illuminate照亮illusion幻觉grants 补助金,津贴因为批准而颁发(学位)award 奖品,奖金因为优秀而颁发(奖学金)overlook 忽视(不小心)忽略neglect 忽视,忽略蔑视omit 省略省略proof 证明证明,证据approve 赞成,同意批准,通过chance机会,运气(pl.)系动词用areattitude态度altitude (海拔)高度matter 毛病issue (政治)事变/事故accident 事故incident 日常事件event 历史大事词组:work out解决,健身work on致力于make out分辨出,辨认出,狂吻亲热name after以命名look after照顾take after长得像,性格像go/come after(+a goal/an aim)追求(目标)sold out卖出wear out worn out(物)破旧不堪;(人)筋疲力尽check out借书,退房figure out想清楚,弄明白,解决问题help out帮大忙hang out闲逛,漫无目的地溜达cook out野餐dine out去餐馆吃饭turn out结果证明事实如此sth. doesnt agree with sb.某人不适应某物cheat on you 欺骗你(的感情)cheat you欺骗你cheat in (the exam)作弊in danger在危险中under threat在威胁下under construction在建造中in discussion在讨论中beyond imagination无法想象beyond repair无法补救beyond understanding 无法理解take to喜欢+sth. / doing take after长得像take over接管take up 占据(时间、空间)take on 承担+duty / reasonability take in 理解,领悟,吸收be taken in 欺骗,欺负break up分手get over克服,忘记hand over 移交carry away 吸引lead to = result in导致result from由于the instant = as soon as一就in an instant = in a minute马上,立刻for an instant = for the moment暂时,目前with in reach 够得着out of reach够不着contrary to与相反in contrast to形成对比compare with与相比be compared to把比作go for去做blind date相亲turn up=show up=appear出现turn down=refuse=reject拒绝turn out to be结果竟然是turn on使产生兴趣,打开turn off 关掉关掉, 避开, 生产, 制造, 使厌烦miss class 缺课fill in/out/up填写/出/下填表格break down 损坏,发生故障抛锚,坏了break out 爆发,突然发生起火break off 使分离,断交折断make out 辨认出解决,弄懂work out解决,弄懂,健身,行得通figure out弄懂go (along) with与相处take into account/coincident考虑toast to干杯cheer to喝彩cut out停止下来call on拜访call at停靠call off五星级重点,高频正确选项取消call for三星级重点要求entitle sb to授予lay out陈列展览lay off下岗,解雇generation gap代沟come across巧遇run across巧遇run into巧遇run over辗过bump into撞击,撞到某人,巧遇某人go through经历see through看穿,识破pull through度过难关died of死于(内因)died from死于(外因)keep an eye on =see to照顾,帮助句型:1.such that与such as 例句:(1).黄伸 is such a bad egg that she loves him deeply.(2).黄伸 isnt such a bad egg as he promised her.2. Want / need +doing / to be done3. Deserve / worth +doing4.No sooner +过去完成时+than+一般过去时一就Hardly +过去完成时+when+一般过去时还没有就5.尽管还是:以even though/if 引导的让步状语从句,把作为表语的形容词,或者副词,或者动词的副词,提前到主语之前并且把even though/if改为as,直接构成倒装6.虚拟语气:j Its important/necessary/essential(本质的,基本的)/critical(危急的)+that(should)doj would rather/just as soon宁愿j but for如为选项,极可能是正确答案 要不是因为j if only 要是就好了j in case,for fear,lest以防万一+should do7.平行结构:rather than + do(省略了to)be up late to doing sth 这么晚还不睡做There is no point (in)doing sth8.考试小技巧:$ 词汇题中必然正确的选项:access, available, in that, now that, adjust to, entitle,to some/a large extent,accuse of,charge with。$ 当前面是形容词而介词结构不熟悉时多选with前缀:1)seq-随后2)con-/com-一起同时3)re-重复,不断;阿姨rewrite重写regulate管制(法律)restrict管制,限制regain恢复,重新得到revise修改refine提炼reform改革remind三星级重点提醒refresh三星级重点(口语)恢复精神reinforce加强remove去掉replace代替reject拒绝request要求relics遗体,遗骸retire退休retreat二星级重点退却relative三星级重点亲戚,相关的人retain坚持,保持4)trans-横过,贯穿translate翻译transparent透明transform改变,改革+economy / society / culture / politics transport运输transfer带人士调动+company / firm / employee / employertransmit传播+信息/因特网/疾病5)e-出来emit发射elegant优雅的6)ex-往外,超出excess过分exposure暴露+to extension(程度)扩张extensive广泛的expansive昂贵的后缀:1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示性质,状态,境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质,状态,行为,过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示动作,性质,状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示等级,领域,状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示资格,身份, 年纪,状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程,结果,状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示性质,状态,程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示动作,性质,过程,状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示性质,状态,程度 latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示行为,结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),17-grapy, 表示学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)21)-ent满分2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able 有能力的, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless12)-tain太难captain上尉,上校,船长mountain山retain保持,保留attain获得,达到contain包容,包括maintain赡养,维修sustain支持(具体的东西)entertain娱乐3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示做成,变成,化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate6)-vise看revise修改advise建议supervise监考7)-ject抛;投reject拒绝inject注射project计划、项目,投影8)-mit送出去admit承认+doing omit三星级重点 省略emit发射commit犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把.交托给, 提交, 答应负责submit屈服于+to hermit隐士summit顶峰9)-fect做(作业)perfect完美affect影响effect结果4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly:badbadly坏地/恶劣地,carefulcarefully小心地 -wise(OE):clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地 -wards:outoutwards向外面地,northnorthwards向北方地中心词:1)-sist-互相帮助assist帮助resist抵抗persist坚持2)-ease-轻松简单9.地道英语表达:shop for groceries买菜例句:You see to the groceries, and Ill see to the dinner.a set of tools/teeth一套工具/一口牙齿Were united. / Were as one. / Were a family.我们团结一致。Your eyes give you away.你的眼神出卖了你。费用的表达:rent(租金),fare(交通费用),fee(学费),tip(小费),tuition(学费),utilities(水电费),rate(按比例收取的费用)exposure to / sit in the sun暴露于阳光下/沐浴于阳光中.to some/a large extentextant与to选项必然正确到某/很大程度Reaction toSolution to语法:以下单词后跟另一动词-ing形式:admit , emit , omit , transmit , deny , escape , appreciate , enjoy , confess to , object to它的出现意味着正确选项出现 , be opposed to , avoid以下动词后既可跟to do也可跟doing三星级重点:remember , forget , mean(故意,打算/意味着), try(企图/尝试), regret三星级重点(to say , tell , notice , inform 遗憾/doing后悔) 1.非谓语动词, 下列动词后不能用不定式,只能用+ing形式的情况admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;enjoy;it entails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feel like;finish;forgive;cant help;hinder;imagine;it involves;keep;loathe;it means;mention;mind;miss;it necessitates;pardon;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand。另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:its no good;its no/little/hardly any/use;its not/hardly/scarcely use;its worthwhile;spend money/time;theres no;theres no point (in);theres nothing worse than;whats the use/point。, 有的时候to后面接-ing形式accustom(oneself)to;be accustomed to;face up to;in addition to;look forward to;object to;be reduced to;resign oneself to;be resigned to;resort to;sink to;be used to;be alternative to;be close/closeness to;be dedication/dedicated to;be opposition/opposed to;be similarity/similar to。, need/want后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中,want不太常用。, remember,forget,try,stop,go on,cease,mean后面用不定式和-ing形式,意义截然不同。, 感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel +do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性。感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词。2.虚拟语气 最自然的虚拟状态:由should/would+原型时态1) 本质上是过去将来时:即,时间固定在过去将来,状态不同:一般、进行、完成、完成进行。2) 表达:本来应该(而现在却还没有);本来可以;本来能 常见句型的虚拟预期,而从句中,should常常被省略掉1) suggest,advise,propose,recommend,plan;demand,order,direct,arrange,command,decide;require,request;think,expect,believe,insist,suspect。它们含义中“建议,假设,应该”这类的含义,所以,有它们引起的从句中,就会包含有should+原型事态构成的虚拟语气。这些动词(以及它们的名词形式,分词形式)引起的从句还有其他的变形。2) 一些形容词引起的表语从句中,也有同样的情况3) 由lest,for fear that,in case引起的从句中多使用should。 表达与事实相反1) 与现在相反:过去时,例:Its (high)time (that);would rather (that)2) 与过去相反:过去完成时3) 与将来相反:将来的事情还没发生,所以只能推测。不过,由于可以用be to表示将来,所以虚拟语气中经常出现were to。 虚拟条件句1) if部分,做一个与事实相反的假设,所以只有一般过去和过去完成2) 主句部分,表示基于这个假设的推测,一般使用情态动词would,少数情况下使用could/might/may。3) 注意两部分之间有逻辑关系,而在两部分的谓语动词时态上,没有必然的联系。4) if可以省略,造成were/had提前,产生倒装。5) 隐含的非真实条件What would you do with 50 thousand dollar?How could I be happy without you? 虚拟原因状语从句1) 由in order that,so that引起的从句,肯定的时候可以使用may/might;can/could;否定的时候,多用shouldnt;2) whoever,whatever,no matter what引起的从句中,多用may。3.倒装h 全部倒装1) 主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。2) 谓语动词是be的时候,不能倒装。h 部分倒装1) neither,nor,so表示前面句子的共同否定或肯定,产生倒装,一般主动词提前,谓语动词的其他部分就省略了。2) Only+句首状语-含有only的词组:only after,only at that moment,only by,only if,only in some respects,only later,only on rare occasions,only then,only when,only with。3) 当否定词语(以及含有否定词的词组)置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。i. 这些否定词包括:no,little,few,hardly,seldom,rarely,never,nowhere等。ii. 含有否定词的结构:no soonerthan;hardlywhen;scarcelywhen;not onlybut(also);neithernor。iii. 含有否定词的词组:hardly ever,least of all,never again,never before,at no time,by no means,in/under no circumstance,in no way,on no account,on no condition。4) as/though引导的让步状语从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)i. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。ii. 句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。5) 其他部分倒装i. sothat句型中的so;suchthat句型中的such位于句首时,需倒装。ii. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:May you all be happy.iii. 在虚拟语气条件句中从句的if省略,要采取部分倒装。4.复合句d 常考的关系代词:that;which;who/whom/whose;where;when;what;as。d 常见的同位语从句先行词(that之前的抽象名词):fact,idea,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,opinion,problem,thought,understandingd 常用的引导词1) 时间状语从句:while;when;before;whenever;as;after;till;until;since;once;ever;since;as/so long as;as soon as;no soonerthan;hardlywhen;scarcely/barelywhen;the moment/minute/instant;on (the point of)doning2) 地点状语从句:where;wherever。3) 原因状语从句:because;since;as;seeing that;considering that;now that;in that;for fear that;lest;owing to the fact that;because of the fact that;due to the fact that4) 方式状语从句:as;as if;as though;how;save that5) 比较状语从句:as;than;asas;not soas;hardlythan6) 结果状语从句:so that;sothat;such;so as to7) 条件状语从句:if;unless;in case;so long as;so far as;provided/providing that;supposing;granted/granting that;giving that8) 让步状语从句:though;although;even if ;even though;whether;as;however;no matter(what,how,when);for all that;in spite of the fact that;grant that;regardless of the fact that9) 目的状语从句:that;so that;in order that;lest;for the fear that;in case名词与介词的搭配:1. 名词+aboutcomplaint about 抱怨concern about 关心,照顾doubt about (of) 对的怀疑discussion about (of, on) 讨论information about 有关的信息opinion about (on) 对意见2. 名词+againstcomplaint against 控诉caution against 提防insurance against 保险precaution against 预防protection against 防护spite against 怨恨struggle against 与斗争war against 对的战争warning against 告诫3. 名词+foraffection for 对的爱ambition for 有的抱负anxiety for 焦虑,担心attraction for 吸引capacity for 做的能力care for 关心,喜欢cause for 的起因consideration for 考虑contempt for 对藐视cure for 治的良药/疗法demand for 对需求excuse for 的借口explanation for (of) 对的解释fine for 因而罚款longing for 渴望necessity for 对的需求passion for 对的酷爱preference for 偏好preparation for 准备punishment for 因而受罚reason for 的理由regret for 因而后悔reputation for 的名声request for 对要求,请求requirement for 的要求,条件respect for 对尊敬responsibility for 对的责任substitute for 的替代品sympathy for 对的同情talent for 有的天赋4. 名词+fromabsence from 缺席divorce from 与离婚,脱离retirement from 从退休shelter from 躲避freedom from 摆脱relief from 免除,解除5. 名词+inbelief in 对的信仰,信任break in 强行闯入;插嘴,打断change in 在方面的变化decrease/fall/decline/drop in在方面的减少increase/rise in 在方面的增加delight in 喜欢faith in 对信任progress in 在方面的进步success in 在上的成功trust in 对的信任6. 名词+intodevelopment into 发展成inquiry into 对调查、询问insight into 对深刻理解,洞见investigation into 对的深入调查research into 研究study into 对的研究7. 名词+ofattack of 患病care of (=in care of) 由转交command of 对精通,掌握doubt of 对怀疑dream of 的梦想the idea (thought) of 对想法impression of 对的印象intention of 的意图lack of 缺少neglect of 对的疏忽opinion of 对的看法8. 名词+onattack on 攻击authority on 方面的权威comment on 对发表评论congratulation on 祝贺dependence on 依赖effect on 影响emphasis on 对强调impact on 影响(leave/make an) impression on对留下印象improvement on 对的改进influence on 对的影响judgement on 根据的判断lecture on 有关的讲座mercy (pity) on 怜悯operation on 给动手术pressure on 对的压力reliance on 依赖remark on 对的评论9. 名词+overadvantage over 比优越authority over 对(某人)的控制、管理权力choice over 先于的选择,不选择control over 对的控制increase over 比增加power over 对的权力preference over 比更喜欢,先于的选择priority over 比优先superiority over 比优越,优于10. 名词+toaccess to 接近,的通路accident to 发生于的事故admission to 准许进入answer to 对回答approach to 的方法assent to 同意attention to 对的注意attitude to (toward) 对态度blindness to 对不知clue to 的线索contribution to 对的贡献door to 通向的门entrance/entry to 通向的入口exception to 的例外exposure to 接触,暴露于gratitude to 对感激guide to 的指南indifference to 对无动于衷introduction to 入门,介绍,引见key to 的答案,的关键marriage to 与结婚monument to 的纪念碑objection to 反对opposition to 反对preface/forward to 的前言reply to 答复respond to 对的回答,答复;对响应,反应;(药物)有效resistance to 抵制ratio to 与之比right to 的权力solution to 的答案traitor to 的叛徒,背叛11. 名词+withacquaintance with 与认识alliance with 与联盟bargain with 与讨价还价chat with 与闲谈coincidence with 与的巧合collision with 与相撞connection with 与相关consultation with 与协商conversation with 与交谈correspondence with 与通信familiarity with 与熟悉harmony with 与和谐the matter with 有问题/麻烦patience with 对耐心形容词与介词的搭配1. 形容词+aboutanxious about 担心,挂念cautious about 谨慎,小心对待careful about 讲究,重视certain about 对有把握enthusiastic about 热心于happy about 因而高兴nervous about 担心,害怕;因而紧张particular about 对讲究,挑剔2. 形容词+atamazed at 对惊讶angry at (about) 对生气apt at 善于bad at 不善于clever at 擅长于clumsy at 做很笨拙disappointed at 对失望excellent at 极其擅长于expert at 专于famous at 的名手good at 擅长于,精于impressed at 对印象深刻offended at 因而生气quick at 敏于slow at 在方面迟钝ready at 善于3. 形容词+foradequate for 适合于anxious for 急切地盼望bound for 开往的competent for 能胜任的convenient for 对方便crucial for 对起决定作用的eager for 急切地盼望famous for 因而著名fit for 适合于good for 对有益known for 对应负责qualified for 对(工作等)称职ready for 准备responsible for 对负责4. 形容词+fromabsent from 缺席,未出席different from 与不同distinct from 与有差别free from 免于,不受影响immune from 免除的,不受影响的safe from 不受危险的separate from 与相分离的5. 形容词+inabsorbed in 全神贯注于constant in 对/在上忠贞不渝、锲而不舍confident in 对信任deficient in 缺乏excellent in 优于,在方面非常优秀expert in 专长于fortunate in 有幸于involved in 卷入,与与牵连proficient in 在方面很熟练,精于skillful in 善于slow in 在方面很慢/迟钝successful in 在方面成功6. 形容词+ofafraid of 担心,害怕ashamed of 为感到羞耻appreciative of 感谢aware of 知道,了解capable of 能,可能characteristic of 是的特点,为所特有careful of 对爱护,珍惜composed of 由构成conscious of 意识到critical of 批评,挑剔envious of 对嫉妒exclusive of 排除,不计 在内fond of 喜欢free of 免除的,不受影响的frightened of 害怕的full of 充满的glad of 为而高兴guilty of 犯有罪的ignorant of 不了解,不知道,对无知的inclusive of 包括independent of 独立于indicative of 表示的jealous of 对嫉妒的made (up) of 由制成proud of 为而自豪scared of 对害怕sensi

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