高一英语阅读指导(II)通用版.doc

高一英语阅读指导（II）通用版【本讲主要内容】 阅读指导（II）【知识总结归纳】 主要题型归纳： 1. 考察细节理解题： 对所读阅读材料中的细节问题的考察是考试中的常见题型。 在记叙文中， 一般都是针对某个情节的一些细节进行提问， 而对于议论文和说明文而言， 往往用一些细节，如 事例，数字等来说明主题或支持作者的观点。 这类题型的问题通常以 what, when, where, who, which, why , how 等来提问。比较简单的题目会在选项中以与原文基本相同的句子出现， 而有的题目会换一个说法， 这就要求同学们不仅要读懂文章中的细节， 也要读懂选项。 有时一个题目也可能涉及到多个文章细节，细节之间又互相交织在一起， 需要辨别。 解题方法： （1）认真阅读题干， 仔细查找文章中对应的细节 （2）把握文章的主题， 弄清主题与细节， 细节与细节的关系。 Example: Point and click, point and click. This is the hour after I finish my homework. As I write that last chemistry answer, my mind wanders what awaits me in the world of the Web. Soon I will be talking to friends through immediate messages, reading new mail in my inbox and checking out teen sites for the autumn fashion. Many teens spend hours on-line. Its a funny new way of communication and exploration. As I point and click away, I feel like a detective. If I have a question on relationships or other problems, I look to the millions of teens on the Web for advice. Many sites offer articles written by teens, and reading message boards is also very helpful when looking for advice. For homework, the on-line encyclopedias never stop to provide just the information I am looking for. Another important part of my life on-line is communication. Although e-mail and immediate messages will never replace traditional mail and the telephone, I do depend heavily on the Web for immediate communication. I love that because I can go on-line and talk to my friend in Ireland just as easily as I can talk to my friends in the next town. An e-mail to my grandmother tells her how much I care in a matter of seconds, and private chat rooms even provide a great discussion for late-night study groups. Communication is a basic part of everybodys life , and the Web is a tool to make communication easier. With a click of my mouse, the answers to my questions are just seconds away. The Web helps me find great summer job information, the hottest new movie and even the most popular places to hang out in my area. Who would ever have thought that the world would be at our fingertips? The services the Internet provides are endless. It can meet the needs of a student in Alaska just the same as it meets the needs of a businessman in Japan. I love the Internet, and I guess I am just a girl in a point and click world. 1. When does the writer go on the Internet? A. Before she does her homework. B. After she finishes chemistry homework. C. When she wants to communicate with her friends. D. As soon as she is ready to find information. 2. The writer does the following with the Internet except _ . A. finding information for clothes B. meeting a friend in the foreign country C. mailing a letter to her grandmother D. asking for advice on jobs 3. The writer says the Internet is very _ . A. useful and easy B. fast and handy C. direct and lovable D. basic and endless 答案：1. D 2. B 3. B 2. 主旨大意题 这类题型用来考察学生对文章主题或中心的把握和理解，也就是考察学生概括和归纳文章中心的能力。主要有以下几种问题的方式： What is the main idea of the passage? What does the passage mainly talk about? What does the writer want to tell us? What is the best title of the passage? 解题方法： （1）找主题句，有些文章有主题句，如果在阅读的过程中，同学们能准确的找到主题句，有助于正确的找到答案。主题句通常会出现在文章的开头，结尾或中间部分。 （2）掌握文章每段的段意，文章的发展线索，段落与段落之间的关系，有助于文章中心的归纳。 （3）注意抓关键句，关键词，对文章中的个别难句，如果不影响文章的整体理解，可以跳过去。 Example: Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure- those who have climbed the highest mountains, explored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who seek an immediate thrill from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place ( perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers. Estimated that 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping involve jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in a modern society has become safe and boring. Not very long ago peoples lives were constantly under threat. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe environments; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such as bungee jumping. 1. A suitable title for the text is _ . A. Dangerous Sports: What and Why B. The Boredom of Modern Life C. Bungee Jumping: Is It Really Dangerous? D. The Need for Excitement 2. More and more people today are _ . A. trying activities such as bungee jumping B. climbing the highest mountains C. coming close to death in sports D. looking for adventures such as exploring unknown places 3. People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because _ . A. they have a lot of free time B. they can go to hospital if they are injured C. their lives lack excitement D. they no longer need to hunt for food 答案：1. A 2.A 3. C 3. 词意理解题： 对词义的理解往往决定对一篇文章的理解， 所以这是阅读理解的重要组成部分。 它经常以问某个词在文章中的意思而出现， 或者通过判断选项的正确性考察学生对词义的理解。 解题方法： （1）从文章的上下文中去找答案， 可能在某句话中就有对它的解释， 或者是近义词，反义词等线索。 （2）依据构词法来猜测词义， （3）根据上下文从句子的意思来猜测词义。 Example: 1. In the 19th century thousands of Indians were cruelly driven from their won good land and taken to reservations. Often these reservations were hundreds of miles away from their real home. Today a large number of North American Indians still live on reservations. （1）The word “ reservations” in the passage is probably _ . A. a piece of land set apart for the black people to live on B. a piece of land set apart for the North American Indians to live on C. a place for the people who break the law to live in D. a place for tourists from all over the world to live in 答案： B 2. The volcano is one of the most surprising frightening forces of nature. Maybe you have seen pictures of these “fireworks” of nature. Sometimes when a volcano erupts, a very large wall of melted rock moves down the side of a mountain. It looks like a “ a river of fire.” （1）The underlined word “erupts” means _ . A. moves down B. breaks away C. builds up D. suddenly throws out lava 答案：D【高考点拨】 Around the world young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. Forbes Magazine reports that at least fifty rock stars have incomes between two millions dollars per years. “It doesnt make sense.” Says Johnny Mathis, one of the older music millionaires, who made a million dollars a year when he was popular, in 1950s. “ Performers arent worth this kind of money. In fact, nobody is.” But the rock stars admires seems to disagree. Those who love rock music spend about two billion dollars a year fro records. They pay 150 million to see rock stars in person. Luck is a key word for explaining the success of many. In 1972 one of the luckiest was Kon Mclean, who wrote and sang “American Pie”. Mclean writes his own music, so he earns an additional two cents on every single record of the song. Neil Young who performs in torn blue jeans, sometimes sings to an audience of 10,000, each of whom has paid five dollars for a ticket. After paying expenses, Young leaves with about $18,000 in his blue jeans at the end of an evening. How do the rock stars use their money ? What do they do when the money starts pouring in like water? Most of the young stars simply show the money around . Englands Elton John gave someone a 38,000 Rolls Royce car and bought himself 5,000 pairs of eyeglasses, then lighted up and spelt E-L-T-O-N. Many rock stars live like Grace Slick and Jefferson Airplane. Those performers return from a tour, pay their bills, and buy new toys. Then when they need money again, they do another tour. They save no money and live from hand to mouth. In the end the rock stars life is unrewarding. After two or three years riches and fame are gone. Left with his memories and his tax problems, the lonely ex-performer spends his remaining years trying to attract strangers. New stars have arrived to take his place. 1. This passage is mainly about _. A. the success of a rock star B. The way rock stars live C. Rich rock stars D. The admirers of rock stars 2. What makes most of the rock stars successful in making money? A. Luck B. A wonderful performance C. Their own music D. Ability 3. How much expense does Neil Young pay for a performance? A. $10,000 B. $ 18,000 C. $32,000 D. $38,000 4. According to the passage, the underlined phrase “from hand to mouth” means A. they have to earn money by hand B. they know how to spend money in a reasonable way C. they earn money only for their immediate enjoyment D. they steal to feed their mouth when they need money 5. After being rich and famous for several years, rock stars _ . A. can only give performances to strangers B. only remember their good old days C. are still popular among young people D. are replaced by new ones and forgotten 答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D【实战模拟】 For a long time being happy was considered something that just happened, and there was nothing special to do about it. Now we know that getting along with ourselves and with other people is something that we can work at. It is possible to act in such a way that other people will like us better. One way is being unselfish, not wanting everything our own way or demanding the best share of everything including the attention of our friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people, it is surprising how successful this treasure hunt can be. You dont have to be spineless（懦弱）in order to be popular, in fact, you will be liked and respected if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights. But do it politely and pleasantly. Being friendly and polite to your own group, to older people, to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you is one way to develop a good character. You can not expect to be perfect, and so you must learn not to be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everyone makes mistakes, and no one is to be blamed unless he refuses to learn from them, Many young people become discouraged when they recognize in themselves qualities（品格）that they do not likeselfishness, laziness and other unpleasant qualities. Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them. At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably no worse than others, chances are you are not much better, either. The surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right. Perhaps you dont like a teacher or a classmate. Try to see why, and look at yourself, too, to be sure that you are not doing something to make that person dislike you. In time, things may turn out all right if you just keep trying to be pleasant and polite. If things do not turn out all right, then you will simply have to learn to get along the best you can with the situat