剪式小型举升机机械设备课程毕业设计外文文献翻译@中英文翻译@外文翻译

中国地质大学长城学院 本科毕业设计外文资料翻译 系 别： 工程技术系 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 姓 名： 王宁宁 学 号： 05211607 2015 年 4 月 1 日 外文翻译原文 Scissor life In todays society rapid development, some companies in the process of work to help, you need to use lifting machine. Lifters began using the invention of the United States in 1925, development has been through a lot of changes and improvements, types and development to a lot of kinds, generally has the pillar type and scissors, the drive mode with mechanical drive, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission, etc. This design is from the generation and development of lifting machine, and introduces the manufacturing process improvement, etc. The direction of the lifting machine design choice Now we can see most of the lifting machine most fixed installation. Portable lifting machine but we also have several successful design, such as traction type lifting machine, shear fork lift machine, etc. The prominent nature of this type of lifting machine advantage is good flexibility, can open at any time to repair the field service, easy to use, which make full use of its advantages. Because now lifting machine more fixed, so we consider the development and use of portable lifting machine, this scissor lift machine is designed. Until now we have the potential of the lifting machine for the development and utilization of the many ways, but there is still a developing widely and use efficiency is not high enough. Lifting machine, however, is when is now one of the essential equipment of many industries, is also one of the indispensable accessories on many large machinery in the future, thus promote our better to study about the structure of it, to improve, so as to extend the service life of the equipment and improve the performance of equipment. So far, our countrys lifting machine manufacturing technology over, there have been some quality technology is more mature, yu shu to lifting device has also been widely used in various fields, for our countrys economic and social development has made irreplaceable contributions. The history of lifting machine Lifting machine in the world already had 70 years of history. Production in the United States in 1925 the first car lifting machine, it is a kind of controlled by pneumatic lifting machine, single column due to the use of air pressure is low, and block; Using leather to seal at the same time, thus when compressed air driven bounce and serious instability. Until ten years later, in 1935 the single-column lifting machine is adopted in other parts of the outside of the United States. In 1966, a German company produced the first double column lifting machine, this is another breakthrough in the design of the lifting machine, but it was not until 1977 the lifting machine in other countries outside Germany. Now double column lifting machine in the market to occupy a strong position, its sales still continues to grow. It compared with the four pillars of elevator, has both advantages and disadvantages as well as, the following will make a brief description. We see the vast majority of the lifting machine adopt fixed installation. Before lifting the car must be on the lifting machine. In terms of portable lifting machine also has several successful design, such as scissors lifting machine, diamond frame lifting machine, etc. But this kind of lifting machine there are still two major issues, close to the car bottom is difficult; In the workshop mobile lifting machine difficult to overcome the obstacles on the ground. Mobility is, of course, this kind of the prominent advantages of lifting machine. Now fixed installation of single column and double column, four-column lifting machine has already been widely adopted in service field, and the portable lifting machine is relatively far less. Lifting machine design requirements Design before you determine the basic situation of product design, to develop basic scheme according to the design requirement. The following is a list of the design - the scissors hydraulic lifting platform of some basic requirements: 1) overview of the host: it is mainly used for the repair and maintenance of the crane is of workshop maintenance personnel; 2) main lifting and falling of lifting movement, speed is slow, small hydraulic impact; 3) the maximum load of 0.3 tons, with double hydraulic cylinder control connection combination fork lever mechanism. Maximum lifting height 15 meters; 4) movement stability and security needs better; 5) artificial control operation, button start control lift; 6) working environment requirement: should not be in the sand on the ground floor, plank brick plate and so on more than a solid ground, not in the ground of the slope or potholes, should not be operated in excessive cold outside; 7) reliable performance, low cost, easy to move, without other auxiliary function and special function; Lifting machine safeguards Use the maintenance of safety assurance measures involving range is very wide, including lifting machine have the preparing work before use, for example, the bracket, the closing of the door, and seat belt is lie. Despite the lifting machine has a history of 70 years of development, but its design principle and little change; If neglecting safety requirements, the overload use, still can cause serious accident, even casualties accident. So security problem must has drawn great attention of using unit and operators. Here is only use lifting machine maintenance items that should be paid attention. (1) the lifting machine lift platform lifting operations, working mesa should guarantee the horizontal and vertical strut fork group keep vertical state. (2) when working outside, wind more than 5 is strictly prohibited. Platform in the process of lifting, all personnel are strictly prohibited to climb. (3) leg brace, ascending and descending homework; Platform after rising, before back to the original height, mobile is prohibited. (4) use is strictly prohibited in the process of super high platform, overload operation; Platform in the process of the cargo lift, goods cannot be moved; Platform manned in the process of the rise and fall, not moving and shaking. (5) the hydraulic oil should be kept clean, shall not be mixed with water and other impurities. (6) when the platform malfunction cannot work normally, should be promptly cut off the power supply. (7) equipment are in need of repair, the platform should be rising prison rear can run. With the characteristics of the hydraulic system 1) in order to prevent the bedplate load weight down, the system adopts sealing good hydraulic controlled check valve self-locking; 2) in order to make weight down smoothly, USES the one-way speed regulating valve control of motor speed, less noise; 3) the system doesnt gesture, unloading directly, saving energy consumption; 4) to make the lifting platform structure is more compact, the ease of installation and maintenance of superimposed components, hydraulic system, a unified arrangement within hydraulic station; 5) in order to prevent accident in work safety accidents, the system USES a pipeline rupture protection valve installed on the cylinder inferior vena inlet connection, once a line or other part of the pipeline suddenly burst, loose connection, pressure or the abnormal out-of-control speeding down counter, it can according to the differential pressure automatically cut off oil, prevent falling accidents, protect the equipment and personal safety; 6) in addition, on the electrical control, at the edge of lift platform setting limit switch, bedplate rise, once rose to the limit of maximum height, limit switch signal, unloading to ensure that the compulsory system bedplate rise to the right height. Hydraulic pressure source selection The working medium of hydraulic system completely provided by the hydraulic source, hydraulic source is the core of hydraulic pump. Without other auxiliary oil source, under the condition of the hydraulic pump oil should be greater than the need of system of oil, excess oil through the overflow valve back to tank, develop and stable oil source pressure relief valve at the same time. Volumetric speed control system mostly with variable pump, oil pressure relief valve caps on system. To save energy and improve efficiency, hydraulic pump oil to try to match the required flow system. In the stage of the work cycle of each system under the condition of the oil quantity is large, have more oil supply or variable pump oil. For this design, due to the short work cycle, cycle times, less oil can be reduced to save energy, using single pump oil can, need not be stored energy accumulator. For the purification of oil: oil purification device in the hydraulic source is indispensable. Are generally equipped with crude oil filter, the entrance of the pump into oil according to the requirement of the protected components in the system, through the corresponding fine oil filter filter again. To prevent impurities in the system flow back to the fuel tank, can be set up on the back to oil magnetic filter or other forms of oil filter. According to the hydraulic equipment environment and the requirement of temperature rise, but also heating, cooling and other measures. Lifting machine bedplate Counter located in the upper lifting platform, is part of the support member. However, in order to secure our installed in the bedplate security fence, ensure staff is in a relatively safe environment. The counter here is not a simple steel plate, but in the following ways, because the lifting platform fork lever arm on the pulley, the tracks role is to make the pulley sliding back and forth within the ramp, the lifting platform lifting and falling movement. Under the floor. These parameters according to the height of lifting weight and lift, to determine the length of the bedplate is 2800 mm, width 1500 mm, material adopt three thick checkered plate. Fork lever is one of the main lifting platform lifting parts, are the main force. For the success of its design relates to the success or failure of the whole design work, material selection of 45 # steel, 160 * 80 seamless steel tube. The three kinds of structure of lifting machines Vertical fixed shear fork structure, hydraulic cylinder stroke is equal to the lifting platform stroke, the overall structure of large size, and the spherical hinge processing load, less in actual application. Level fixed fork scissors mechanism, through the analysis and calculation, the platform lifting stroke is greater than the hydraulic cylinder stroke, can achieve rapid control in the process of application the purpose of the elevator, but the shortcoming is the role of the piston rod under transverse force, affect the service life of seals. And the piston rod on the load force platform of load force is larger than it actually is. So practical and rarely used. Two hinged shear fork structure to avoid the above shortcomings. Structure is reasonable, the platform of movements itinerary can achieve hydraulic cylinder stroke more than two times. Therefore, gradually has been widely used in engineering practice. This design is the key of double hinged shear fork structure analysis, in this paper. 外文翻译译文 剪式小型举升机 当今社会高速发展，一些企业在工作过程中都需要使用举升机来帮助，。举升机自从 1925年美国发明开始使用，发展至今已经经历了很多的变化和改进，种类也发展到了很多种，一般有柱式和剪式，其驱动方式有机械传动，液压传动，气压传动等。本次设计就是从举升机的产生、发展以及制造工艺 改进等方面进行介绍。 举升机设计的方向选择 目前我们所见到的绝大多数的举升机大多数采用固定式安装。殊不知在移动式举升机方面我们也有几项成功的设计，如牵引式举升机、剪叉式举升机等。这类举升机的突出性优点是灵活性好，可以随时开到维修现场进行服务，用起来很方便，这充分利用了它的优点。由于现在举升机多采用固定式，因此我们考虑到对移动式举升机的开发和利用，设计了这台剪式举升机。 直到现在我们对举升机的潜能进行了很多方面的开发利用，但是依然存在开发不够广泛和利用效率不高的缺陷。然而，举升机是当现很多行业的必要设备之一， 也是将来很多大型机械上必不可少的配件之一，因此促进我们对它的结构更好地去研究，去改进，从而延长了设备的使用寿命和提高设备的性能。目前为止，我国的举升机制造技术已经发生了些质的飞越，技术也是越俞来俞成熟，举升设备亦被广泛的应用在各个领域，为我国的经济和社会发展做出了不可替代的贡献。 举升机的发展史 举升机在世界上已经有了 70年历史。 1925年在美国生产的第一台汽车举升机，它是一种由气动控制的单柱举升机，由于当时采用的气压较低，因而缸体较大；同时采用皮革进行密封，因而压缩空气驱动时的弹跳严重且又不稳定。直到 10年以后，即 1935年这种单柱举升机才在美国以外的其它地方开始采用。 1966 年，一家德国公司生产出第一台双柱举升机，这是举升机设计上的又一突破性进展，但是直到 1977 这种举升机才在德国以外的其它国家出现。现在双柱举升机在市场上以占据牢固的地位，其销量还在持续增长。它和四柱举升机相比，既有优点，也有缺点，以下将作一简要说明。 我们所见到的绝大多数举升机均采用固定安装方式。在举升前汽车必须驶上举升机。在移动式举升机方面也有几项成功设计，如剪式举升机、菱架式举升机等。但这类举升机仍存在两个主要问题，接近汽 车下部较难；在车间移动举升机时难逾越地面上的障碍物。当然，可移动性是这类举升机的突出优点。现在固定安装的单柱、双柱、四柱举升机已在维修现场广泛采用，而移动式举升机却相对要少得多。 举升机设计要求 设计之前先确定设计产品的基本情况，再根据设计要求制定基本方案。以下列出了本设计 剪式液压升降台的一些基本要求： 1) 主机的概况：主要用于维修人员对车间的吊车的维修和保养 ; 2) 主要完成起升与下降重物的动作，速度较缓，液压冲击小； 3) 最大载荷量定为 0.3吨，采用双液压缸控制联接组合叉杆机构进行升降。最大起 升高度 15米； 4) 运动平稳性和安全性需要较好； 5) 人工控制操作，按钮启动控制升降； 6) 工作环境要求：不宜在多沙石地面、木板砖板地面等非牢固地面进行操作，不宜在有坡度或有坑洼的地面进行操作，不宜在过度寒冷的室外进行操作； 7) 性能可靠，成本低廉，便于移动，无其他附属功能及特殊功能； 举升机安全保障措施 使用维护方面的安全保证措施涉及的范围很广，其中举升机有使用前的准备工作，例如支撑臂的展开，安全门的关闭，还有安全带的配系。尽管举升机的发展已有 70年的历史，但其设计原理并无多 大改变 ;如果忽视安全要求，超载使用，仍然会造成严重的事故，甚至发生伤亡事故。因此安全问题一定要引起使用单位和操作人员的高度重视。这里仅就使用维护举升机时应当注意的事项进行说明。 （ 1）举升机升降平台升降作业时，工作台面应保证水平及支杆叉架组纵向保持垂直状态。 （ 2）室外作业时，风力超过 5级时严禁使用；平台在升降过程中，严禁一切人员攀爬。 （ 3）支腿未撑牢，禁止升、降作业；平台在升起后，回落到原始高度之前，禁止移动。 （ 4）平台使用过程中严禁超高，超负荷