2013专升本英语必读语法之定语从句.doc

A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. that B. whichC. where D. what【易错】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. AsC. That D. What【易错】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. AsC. That D. What此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选 B，第(2)题选 D：(1) _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. Which B. AsC. That D. It(2) _ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. Which B. AsC. That D. ItDavid is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. that B. whoC. as D. whom【易错】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such that (如此以至)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A. that B. whoC. as D. whom请再做以下试题（答案选D）：It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. like B. thatC. which D. as The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. that B. itC. them D. which【易错】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：(1) His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A. that B. itC. them D. which(2) Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer.A. that B. itC. them D. which(3) This I did at nine oclock, after _ I sat reading the paper.A. that B. itC. them D. which类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：(4) George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. that B. himC. them D. whom(5) Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A. that B. whoC. them D. whom(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ were still university students.A. that B. whoC. them D. whomHe had thousands of students, many of _ gained great success in their own field.A. whom B. themC. which D. who【易错】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选A)：(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of _ was easy to answer.A. which B. themC. what D. that(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of _ was easy to answer.A. them B. whichC. what D. that(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. whom B. themC. which D. who(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. them B. whomC. which D. who He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom B. themC. which D. who2012年河南升本的同学发送 【学校】到加飞信 获取最及时的专升本考试信息【易错】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. which B. themC. what D. that答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. themC. what D. that答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that【易错】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. which B. whenC. how D. where【易错】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company.A. which B. whenC. how D. where请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：(1) Our company will move to a tall building _ we bought last month.A. which B. whenC. how