初二上册第一单元讲义.doc

Unit 1 How often do you exercise一、千里之行始于词汇exercise 一些(er)人(er)太喜欢练习刺(ci)蛇(se)。-exercise doing skateboard 在板上滑冰，就是滑板运动。go skateboarding 参加滑板运动-go + v-ing 表示参加此类运动，动词往往是户外的娱乐或体育等运动性的活动。 -go fishing/hiking/swimming/shopping/skating/boating/hardly internet surf the internetinterviewinterviewer result 有个老头姓苏，以卖冰棍为生，冰棍凉快了别人，苏老头却舍不得吃一根，结果热(re)死苏(su)老头(lt)了。 as a resultas a result of lifestyle life + style out of stylein stylehealthhealthyunhealthyun+adj 形容词前加un表示相反的意义，构成该形容词的反义词happyunhappyfriendlyunfriendlydifferent 弟(di)拿着斧(fu)头砍一只鹅(e),让人(ren)觉得他与众不同(t)。difference be different from be the same asgrade 年级；分数=score -get good gradeschocolate 吃(ch)了OCO牌巧克力，拉(la)肚子特(te)别厉害。habit 做完错事还哈哈(ha)大笑这个习惯一点(bit)儿都不好。 have a habit of doing sth有一个做某事的习惯。 e.g. My father has a habit of smoking. I have a habit of getting up late.activealthoughkeep maybe-may be 二者都表示推测不同点：maybe 副词可以放在句首，也可以放在句中 may be 情态动词may+动词原形be 只能用在句中。e.g. Maybe the baby is hungry. = The baby may be hungry. Maybe you need help. drink v.喝、饮 n. 饮料 food and drink 吃喝 have a drink 喝一杯a lot of =lots oflook after= take care of He look after his sister well. = He takes good care of his sister.as for 至于，关于，用于句首。二、重点短语与句型 on weekends在周末1. go to the movies去看电影2. look after=take care of照顾3. surf the internet上网4. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式5. go skateboarding去滑滑板watch TV看电视6. keep healthy=stay healthy= keep in good health保持健康 keep +形容词表保持某种状态do some reading阅读7. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports锻炼8. eating habits饮食习惯9. take more exercise做更多的运动10. the same as与什么相同11. once a month一月一次12. be different from不同13. twice a week一周两次.three times a week一周三次14. make a difference to对什么有影响As teachers, you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students.身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生的一生。A false step will make a great difference to my future. 错走一步对我的前程来说会产生很大影响。15. how often多久一次，询问动作发生的频率how many times 多少次 ，用来提问做某事的次数16. although=though虽然Although he is old, he is quite strong.(He is old, but he is quite strong.)句子中，有although或though就不可再用but，但可用yet或still“仍然，还”；有because就不能再用so. 17. most of the students=most students大多数学生18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping购物19. as for至于20. activity survey活动调查21. do homework做家庭作业22. do house work做家务事23. eat less meat吃更少的肉24. junk food垃圾食物25. be good for对什么有益26. be bad for对什么有害27. want to do sth想做某事28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事29. try to do sth尽量做某事30. come home from school放学回家31. of course=certainly=sure当然32. get good grades取得好成绩33. some advice 一些建议some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议 give advice 提出建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议4. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事=help sb with sth35. a lot of vegetables=many vegetables许多蔬菜36. hardly= almost not几乎不hardly ever很少，几乎不，从不37. keep/be in good health保持健康38. your favorite program你最喜欢的节目39. Animal World动物世界40. play soccer踢足球41.every day每天everyday与everyday1. every day作状语，译为“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天7：10去上学。I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。Whats your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么？42.once or twice a week每周一两次43. three or four times a week每周三四次44. at Green High School在格林高中45. all students所有的学生46. most students大多数学生47. some students一些学生48. no students没有学生49.the result of a survey调查结果50.the result for “watch TV”“看电视”的调查结果51. improve your English提高你的英语52. drink milk喝牛奶53. pretty healthy相当健康 prettyadv.相当，非常Pretty（用作副词时） =rather=very=quite 非常，相当54. kind of= a little有点I think Im kind of unhealthy.我想我有点不健康。3、 重点语法频率副词 询问别人做某事的频繁程度 提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。例句：A: How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视？) B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。) A: Whats your favorite program?(你最喜欢的节目是什么？) B: Its Animal World.(是动物世界。) A: How often do you watch it?(你多长时间看一次这个节目？)主要频率副词的等级排序： always(总是) usually (通常) often(经常) sometimes(有时) hardly ever(很少) never(从不)隔一段时间做某事数次用 数词 + 时间间隔 的结构构成。如： once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊词 once) twice a day 一天两次(“两次”用特殊词 twice) three times a month 一个月三次(三次或三次以上用 基数词 + times 的结构构成) four times a year 一年四次4、 课文精析1.How often do you exercise?你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？How often +助动词do(does或did) +主语+ do sth.?疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did)是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month等。How often do you go to the factory? Twice a week.你们多久到工厂去一次？ 每星期两次。 “How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.” 2“What do you usually doonweekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词,在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.3. “Whats your favorite program?” “Its Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”4.As forhomework , most students do homework every day .as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：As for him，I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。至于我自己，我现在不想去。As for myself, I dont want to go now.至于那个人，我什么都不知道。As for the man, I know nothing about him. 5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语ask sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人去做某事help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事6. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its good for us to do more reading.多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every night?8. I exercise every day , usually when Icome home from school.9. My eating habits are pretty good .这里pretty相当于very。10.I try to eata lot ofvegetables , usuallyten to eleven times a week.try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:Youd better try doing the experiment in another way.你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。11. My healthy lifestyle helps meget good grades.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级13.Is her lifestylethe same asyours or different?Is her lifestylethe same asyour lifestyle or is her lifestyledifferent fromyours? be the same as / be different from 14. What sports do you play ?15. A lot of vegetables help you tokeep in good health.keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy16. You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级17. That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。18. I think Im kind of unhealthy.我想我有点不健康。kind of= a littlea kind of一种五、词语辨析.注意sometimes与几个形似的词的区别。(1) sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”Will you come again sometime next week?(2) some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用I will stay here for some time.我将在这呆一段时间。(3) some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”I met him some times in the street last month.上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。（4）sometimes是频度副词，意为“有时” He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends. 他有时周末去滑滑板。time意为“时间”时，为不可数名词。意为“次数，倍数”时，为可数名词， What time is it?I go to the movies three times a week.注意“次数”的表达方法一次once，两次twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上times：three times、five times、one hundred times.表示“几次”的表达方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a yeartwice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year same与different1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一个定冠词the，但是如果same前面已经有this，those等词，就不能再与the连用了。如：We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。 结构：the same as与.一样如：His mark is the same as mine.他的分数和我的分数一样。2.different译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。结构：be different from与.不同如：This sweater is different from that one.这件毛衣与那一件不同。different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。hard / hardlyhard: hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。adj.辛苦的，困难的 adv.努力，使劲地He had a hard (adj.)time in the past.Its a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult)这是一个难的问题。The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力He workshard.他努力工作。句子结构：Its hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如：Its hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。注意区分：hard work 困难的工作 work hard 努力工作hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。hardly: adv.几乎不，简直不I can hardly see it.我几乎看不到它。Hehardlyworks.他几乎不工作。Ithardlyrains here,doesit?how often / how long / how soon / how farhow often:“隔多久一次”，指动作的频率，答语常用often, never, twice a week等表示频率的副词或短语。（用于一般现在时或一般过去时）How often do you go to the movies?Once a week. / I never go to the movies.how long: 1)“（延续）多长时间”，回答用for时间段或since时间点。（用于各种时态）；2)询问物体的长度。How long is the Yellow River?How long have you learned English?I have learned itfor 5 years.I have learned itsince 5 years ago.how soon:“还要多久才，多久以后”，答语常用“in时间段”。（用于一般将来时）How soon will she come back?Shell come backin an hour.how far:“多远”，询问距离。Can you tell me how farit isfrom here to your home?How faris it from your home to our school?Its2 kilometersaway.6、 学有所用1.英汉互译 -（锻炼，运动） - （几乎不，几乎没有） -（网络，互联网） -（约摸，几乎）-（健康，健康状况） -（一次） -（次，次数） -（两次，两倍） -（节目、表演；程序） -（活跃的，积极的） -（不同，差异，区别） -(junk) -（ever） - (interviewer) -(drink) -(lifestyle) - (skateboard) -（although）-（grade）2用下面的词组填空How often how many of course look after keep healthya lot of the result of the result for as for be different from In dairy life ,we should do more exercise to _. _ do you go shopping ? -three times a month. _ books does she buy? -two books . Try your best to _ your grandpa. Lily ,can you give me a hand? I need some help. _ .I am glad to do that. Some students i