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重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读英国文学部分电子课件：第六讲Lecture Six教案首页学生专业班级英语专业大三机电、商贸、土木、船舶等方向学生学 时 数2教学目的了解浪漫主义诗歌早期和后期的诗人及其诗歌教学内容1介绍布莱克生平，讲解诗歌羔羊老虎扫烟尘的孩子2介绍彭斯生平，讲解诗歌友谊地久天长我爱人是朵红红的玫瑰3介绍拜伦生平及其长诗唐璜，讲解诗歌他在美中行当男儿在国内没有为之战斗的自由时4介绍雪莱生平及其长诗被解放了的普罗米修斯，讲解诗歌西风颂第一、四、五段教学重点1 布莱克的天真与经验之歌2 拜伦和雪莱诗歌的革命精神和艺术特点3 彭斯诗歌的爱情主题教学难点1 拜伦和雪莱诗歌的革命精神和艺术特点2彭斯诗歌的苏格兰方言教学进程1半小时介绍布莱克生平，讲解诗歌羔羊老虎扫烟尘的孩子和介绍彭斯生平，讲解诗歌友谊地久天长我爱人是朵红红的玫瑰。2半小时介绍拜伦生平及其长诗唐璜，讲解诗歌他在美中行当男儿在国内没有为之战斗的自由时3半小时介绍雪莱生平及其长诗被解放了的普罗米修斯，讲解诗歌西风颂第一、四、五段教学方法课堂讲解，讨论教 具多媒体课后总结四位诗人诗歌的各自特色作 业从西风颂看雪莱诗歌的艺术追求备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。Lecture SixPart One William Blake (1757-1827)I. Introduction to William BlakeWilliam Blake was born in London on November 28, 1757. From early childhood, Blake spoke of having visionsat four he saw God put his head to the window; around age nine, while walking through the countryside, he saw a tree filled with angels. Although his parents tried to discourage him from lying, they did observe that he was different from his peers and did not force him to attend conventional school. He learned to read and write at home. At age ten, Blake expressed a wish to become a painter, so his parents sent him to drawing school. Two years later, Blake began writing poetry. When he turned fourteen, he apprenticed with an engraver because art school proved too costly. One of Blakes assignments as apprentice was to sketch the tombs at Westminster Abbey, exposing him to a variety of Gothic styles from which he would draw inspiration throughout his career. After his seven-year term ended, he studied briefly at the Royal Academy.In 1782, he married an illiterate woman named Catherine Boucher. Blake taught her to read and to write, and also instructed her in draftsmanship页：2 制图术。. Later, she helped him print the illuminated poetry页：2 装饰诗歌。 for which he is remembered today; the couple had no children. In 1784 he set up a print shop with a friend and former fellow apprentice, James Parker, but this venture failed after several years. For the remainder of his life, Blake made a meager living as an engraver and illustrator for books and magazines. In addition to his wife, Blake also began training his younger brother Robert in drawing, painting, and engraving. Robert fell ill during the winter of 1787 and succumbed页：2 染上（肺结核）。, probably to consumption. As Robert died, Blake saw his brothers spirit rise up through the ceiling, clapping its hands for joy. He believed that Roberts spirit continued to visit him and later claimed that in a dream Robert taught him the printing method that he used in Songs of Innocence and other illuminated works.Blakes first printed work, Poetical Sketches (1783), is a collection of apprentice verse, mostly imitating classical models. The poems protest against war, tyranny, and King George IIIs treatment of the American colonies. He published his most popular collection, Songs of Innocence, in 1789 and followed it, in 1794, with Songs of Experience. Some readers interpret Songs of Innocence in a straightforward fashion, considering it primarily a childrens book, but others have found hints at parody or critique in its seemingly naive and simple lyrics. Both books of Songs were printed in an illustrated format reminiscent of illuminated manuscripts. The text and illustrations were printed from copper plates, and each picture was finished by hand in watercolors.Blake was a nonconformist who associated with some of the leading radical thinkers of his day, such as Thomas Paine. In the prose work The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790-93), he satirized oppressive authority in church and state.In 1800 Blake moved to the seacoast town of Felpham, where he lived and worked until 1803 under the patronage of William Hayley. He taught himself Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Italian, so that he could read classical works in their original language. In Felpham he experienced profound spiritual insights that prepared him for his mature work, the great visionary epics written and etched 页：3 蚀刻。between about 1804 and 1820. Milton (1804-08), Vala, or The Four Zoas (1797; rewritten after 1800), and Jerusalem (1804-20) have neither traditional plot, characters, rhyme, nor meter. They envision a new and higher kind of innocence, the human spirit triumphant over reason.Blake believed that his poetry could be read and understood by common people, but he was determined not to sacrifice his vision in order to become popular. In 1808 he exhibited some of his watercolors at the Royal Academy, and in May of 1809 he exhibited his works at his brother Jamess house. Some of those who saw the exhibit praised Blakes artistry, but others thought the paintings hideous and more than a few called him insane. Blakes poetry was not well known by the general public, but he was mentioned in A Biographical Dictionary of the Living Authors of Great Britain and Ireland, published in 1816. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who had been lent a copy of Songs of Innocence and of Experience, considered Blake a man of Genius, and Wordsworth made his own copies of several songs. Charles Lamb sent a copy of The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence to James Montgomery for his Chimney-Sweepers Friend, and Climbing Boys Album (1824), and Robert Southey (who, like Wordsworth, considered Blake insane) attended Blakes exhibition and included the Mad Song from Poetical Sketches in his miscellany, The Doctor (1834-1837).Blakes final years, spent in great poverty, were cheered by the admiring friendship of a group of younger artists who called themselves the Ancients. In 1818 he met John Linnell, a young artist who helped him financially and also helped to create new interest in his work. It was Linnell who, in 1825, commissioned him to design illustrations for Dantes Divine Comedy, the cycle of drawings that Blake worked on until his death in 1827. II. Select ReadingThe LambLittle lamb, who made thee?Dost thou know who made thee?Gave thee life, and bid thee feedBy the stream and oer the mead;Gave thee clothing of delight,Softest clothing, woolly, bright;Gave thee such a tender voice,Making all the vales rejoice? Little lamb, who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee? Little lamb, Ill tell thee, Little lamb, Ill tell thee:He is called by thy name,For He calls Himself a Lamb.He is meek, and He is mild;He became a little child.I a child, and thou a lamb,We are called by His name. Little lamb, God bless thee! Little lamb, God bless thee!The TigerTiger! Tiger! burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eyeCould frame thy fearful symmetry?In what distant deeps or skiesBurnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire页：4 追求。?What the hand dare seize the fire?And what shoulder, and what art,Could twist the sinews of thy heart?And when thy heart began to beat,What dread hand? and what dread feet?What the hammer? what the chain?In what furnace was thy brain?What the anvil? what dread graspDare its deadly terrors clasp? When the stars threw down their spears,And watered heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?Tiger! Tiger! burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eyeDare frame thy fearful symmetry? The Sick RoseO Rose, thou art sick!The invisible worm,That flies in the night,In the howling storm,Has found out thy bedOf crimson joy;And his dark secret loveDoes thy life destroy.The Chimney SweeperWhen my mother died I was very young,And my father sold me while yet my tongueCould scarcely cry weep! weep! weep! weep!So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep. Theres little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head,That curled like a lambs back, was shaved: so I said,Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your heads bare,You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair.And so he was quiet; and that very night,As Tom was a-sleeping, he had such a sight, - That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack,Were all of them locked up in coffins of black.And by came an angel who had a bright key,And he opened the coffins and set them all free;Then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run,And wash in a river, and shine in the sun.Then naked and white, all their bags left behind,They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind;And the angel told Tom, if hed be a good boy,Hed have God for his father, and never want joy.And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark,And got with our bags and our brushes to work.Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm;So if all do their duty they need not fear harm. Part Two Robert Burns (1759-1796) I. Introduction to Robert BurnsBurns was born at Alloway near Ayr on 25th January 1759, the eldest of the family. In 1757 he married Agnes Brown.His earliest years were spent in the auld cley biggin. In 1765 the family moved to Mount Oliphant, a 70-acre farm two miles away. It was here, in the autumn of 1774, that Burns wrote his first song Handsome Nell as a tribute to the girl with whom he was partnered at harvest-time. With the exception of the Tragic Fragment (in blank verse), all of Burnss early compositions were lyrics set to well-known melodies of the period, and song writing was to be his principal metier 页：7 专长。till the end of his life. At Whitsun 1777 the Burnes family moved to Lochlie, a hill farm of 130 acres in Tarbolton parish. Three years later Burns took a leading part in founding the Tarbolton Bachelors Club, a convivial 页：7 爱吃喝交际的。debating society widely regarded as the prototype for the many Burns clubs now flourishing world-wide. In 1780 he was inducted into the local masonic lodge页：7 共济会。; freemasonry was to be a major influence on his life, and helped launch his literary career. William Burnes died in February 1784, broken by prolonged litigation 页：7 诉讼。over the lease of Lochlie. The following month Robert and Gilbert decided to alter the spelling of their surname, and about that time took the lease of Mossgiel farm near Mauchline. The death of William Burnes had a liberating influence on Robert; 1784 was his annus mirabilis页：8 创造奇迹的一年。 and a great deal of the poetry which would appear in his first edition was composed in this brief period. He was liberated in other ways also, with unfortunate results. In 1785 Elizabeth Paton, a farm-servant, gave birth to a daughter. Characteristically Burns celebrated the event in verses. An affair with Iean Armour, a master-masons daughter, had inevitable results. Hounded 页：8 追逼。by the girls father, Burns had a brief affair with a byre 页：8 牛棚。woman at Coilsfield, which ended tragically with her death from typhoid 页：8 伤寒。fever which may have been exacerbated 页：8恶化。by pregnancy. Deciding to emigrate to Jamaica, Burns cast about for some way of raising the GBP 20.00 to pay his fare, and decided to publish his poems. Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect appeared at Kilmarnock in July 1786 in a modest edition of 612 copies at three shillings, and netted 页：8 净赚。the poet about GBP 54.00. Encouraged by favourable acclaim from the Revd Dr Thomas Blacklock, one of the Edinburgh literati页：8 文人学士。, Burns abandoned his plans to emigrate. In November he set out for Edinburgh in the hope of securing a second and much larger edition. Published in April 1787, this yielded about GBP 1100, part of which Burns used to pay his brothers debts and part to take the lease of Ellisland farm in Nithsdale, which he occupied 1788-91. At the same time, he sought a career offering a regular income and in 1789 entered the Excise 页：8 货物税。service. In 1791 he abandoned farming and settled in Dumfries where he died in July 1796. Burnss reputation as a poet rests largely on the Kilmarnock Edition of 1786 although his great comic masterpiece Tam o Shanter was written in 1790. From 1787 onwards, however, Burns tended to concentrate on songs, collecting and mending the ancient ballads of Scotland, writing new verses in many cases. His importance as a folklorist and song-collector has only really been appreciated in relatively recent years, thanks to the scholarship of Professor Low and others. Many of Burnss songs were sanitised 页：8 净化了的。revisions of traditional bawdry页：8粗俗言语。, but he made a collection of the originals and composed quite a few bawdy ballads of his own; this manuscript collection was published anonymously after his death under the title of The Merry Muses of Caledonia but it is only since 1968 that Burnss own contribution has been segregated and added to the canon. As a poet, he was extremely versatile, handling many different metres and verse forms with consummate 页：8 perfectskill, equally at home in the verse epistle and the epigram, the sonnet and the longer satirical work. In contrast with his nature poems are the ballads savaging the hypocrisies of the Kirk and the radical songs of the 1790s. Few were published in his lifetime, but they would become the medium for extending his reputation world-wide, especially in the present century. In addition to the 650-odd poems and songs, Burns was a voluminous letter-writer. The range of subject and treatment is wide, from the social letters to the polemics页：8 对错误的驳斥。, sometimes mannered but always written with vigour, studded 页：8 点缀。with colourful metaphors and containing numerous quotations and literary allusions that reveal the scope and extent of his voracious 页：8求知欲很强的。reading. Burns also had ambitions to write for the stage, but his early death left his ambition unresolved, and his only work of dramatic merit is The Jolly Beggars, a Cantata of Love and Liberty. The myths of drunkenness and dissipation 页：8 放荡。which grew up in the years following his death were grossly exaggerated. For the record, Burns had two sets of twins by Iean Armour before he acknowledged her formally as his wife, and five other children, the last being born on the day of the poets funeral. Four other children were born out of wedlock. In his lifetime editions of his poetry were published in Ireland and the USA and his work circulated widely in Europe, with translations into French and German from the 1820s, which had immense influence on the Romantic poets and composers. Two centuries after the Kilmarnock Edition, over 2000 editions of Burns have been published, with translations into 50 languages. Today Burns is ranked among the leading world poets of all time. II. Select ReadingAuld Lang Syne页：9 long ago.Should auld acquaintance be forgotAnd never brought to mind?Should auld acquaintance be forgot,And auld lang syne?Chorus For auld lang syne, my jo, For auld lang syne, Well tak a cup o kindness yet, For auld lang syne. And surely yell be your pint-stoup页：9 你付你自己的酒钱。, And surely Ill be mine; And well tak a cup o kindness yet,For auld lang syne. For auld, etc. We twa hae 页：9 We two have.run about the braes页：9 slopes. 山坡。, And poud the gowans fine页：9 pulled the fine daisies.采集美丽的野菊。; But weve wanderd mony a weary fi页：9 many a weary foot. 走上疲惫的旅程。t, Sin auld lang syne. For auld, etc. We twa hae paidld in the burn页：9 wade in the stream.蹚过河流。, Frae morning sun till dine; But seas between us braid hae roard. Sin auld lang syne. For auld, etc. And theres a hand, my trusty fiere! And gies a hand o thine! And well tak a right gud-wellie waught, For auld lang syne. For auld, etc.A Red, Red RoseO my luves like a red, red roseThats newly sprung in June;O mu luves like the melodieThats sweetly playd in tune.As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I; And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a the seas gang dry. Till a the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi the sun; O I will luve thee still, my dear While the sands o life shall run. And fare-thee-weel, my only Luve! And fare-thee-weel awhile! And I will come again, my luve, Tho twere ten thousand miles. O my luves like a red, red rose, Thats newly sprung in June; O my luves like the melodie Thats sweetly playd in tune. Part Three George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)I. Introduction to ByronByron was born on 22 January 1788, in London. His parents, Catherine Gordon Byron (of the old and violent line of Scottish Gordons) and John Byron, had been hiding in France from their creditors, but Catherine wanted their child born in England, so he was. John stayed in France, living in his sisters house, and died in 1791, possibly a suicide. Catherine took her son to Scotland, where a deformity of his foot soon became evident. Special boots were made and treatments devised, but Byron limped all of his life. He lived through his reading, being especially fond of Roman history, and dreamed of leading regiments of brave soldiers. When the Wicked Lord died, Byron became, at the tender age of ten, the sixth Lord Byron. Newstead, the ancestral home in England, was an absolute wreck, so Byrons mother moved them to nearby Nottingham. They were very poor. The Byron estate was mostly tied up in lawsuits, but Mrs. Byron finally got her son a decent income. He was sent to Dr. Glennies Academy at Dulwich and then to Harrow, where he was mercilessly taunted 页：11 嘲笑。by the other boys. He went back to Newstead for his Christmas holidays and fell in love with a neighbor (and cousin) named Mary Ann Chaworth. So infatuated 页：11 迷恋。was he that he refused to return to Harrow after the holidays ended, and it took a huge fight with Lord Ruth