新世纪大学英语课后精讲 (5).doc

Unit 5Difficult Sentences1. Or the time a few years later, when my hair turned out pink for my senior prom and shed held me while I cried.Paraphrase the sentence.(= A few years later, when I dyed my hair for a formal dance party at high school, it ended up being pink rather than the color I had expected, I felt very sad and cried in my mothers arms.)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 又如几年以后，我的发型在高中毕业舞会显得不太合时宜，母亲让我在她怀中哭泣。)2. Tears filled her eyes and this time I held her while she cried. Pay attention to the usage of the word “fill”.More examples: and her eyes filled with tears that spilt down her cheeks (Para. 7)Laughter filled the room. 房间里充满了欢笑。The thought fills me with pleasure. 这个想法使我很高兴。2Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 当时她热泪盈眶。这次是她在我的怀里哭了。)3. Over the years, wed watched the pine trees in this park grow tall and straight until their needles seemed to touch the clouds.1) Whats the symbolic meaning of the growth of the pine trees?(= It symbolizes the increasingly close relationship between mother and daughter.)2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 年复一年，我们看着公园里的松树长得巍峨挺拔，直至高耸入云。)4. She was unusually solemn and took me by surprise when she asked me, “Who will you bring here after Im gone?”What can we infer from the sentence?(= There was probably something serious to happen, because mother used to be kind, not at all the way she behaved that day.)5. I gave her one of my arched-eyebrow inquiries, then smiled.What does “arched-eyebrow” mean in the sentence?(= When one makes a facial expression by making ones eyebrows arched, one is usually disapproving or doubtful.)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 我皱起了眉头，狐疑地看了她一眼，然后微微笑了。)6. What I didnt know, and what she had kept from me, was that her condition wasnt improving.Analyze the sentence structure.(= “What I didnt know” and “what she had kept from me” are two paralleled clauses used as subject.)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 但有一点我一无所知，而且她也一直瞒着我，那就是她的情况毫无好转。)7. I felt I had come full circle under this giant pine tree.Whats the meaning of the sentence?(= Under the special big pine tree, what I did with my sons was just what my mother did with me. Life had repeated itself like a circle here.)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 我坐在那里，觉得自己回到了原地，就在这棵巨大的松树下。)8. Holding my son in my arms, I was happy for him, just the way I knew my mother had been happy for me all those years ago when I told her I was getting married.Whats the grammatical function of “Holding my son in my arms”?(= “Holding my son in my arms” is a present participle phrase used as adverbial.More examples: Looking over my sons shoulder, I saw that (Para. 12)Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Lying under the apple trees, Newton was thinking and thinking.) Words and Expressions 1. cease: v. stop something* Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax.公司已经决定明年停止一切在英国的运作。(= The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.)CF: cease, pause & stop这些词均含有“中止，停止”之意。cease 正式用词，侧重逐渐结束某活动或状态，含永远结束的意味。pause 指短暂的中断或停止，含再进行下去的意味。stop 普通用词，指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1) Whether the protests will _ remains to be seen. (= cease)2) I _ to pick up a letter that Id dropped. (= stopped)3) He _ and thought for a moment. (= paused)4) Apparently she _ drinking. (= has stopped)5) The dying man soon _ to breathe. (= ceased)6) Why dont you just _ somewhere and ask for directions? (= stop)7) She _ to get her breath back and then carried on jogging. (= paused)2. physically: adv. with regard to body* Special holidays are available for physically handicapped/disabled people.他看上去身体很健康。 (= He looks physically fit.)NB: physically的反义词是mentally，意为“精神上，智力上，在内心”。* The protestors had to be physically removed from the room.* Its going to be a tough competition but Im mentally prepared for it.3. spot: n.1) a particular place* This looks like a nice spot for a picnic.* This is the spot where the accident happened.2) a point of interest* Spain is our favorite holiday spot.这座古城有许多可供参观的名胜。(= There are a lot of spots to visit in the old city.) Collocation:in spots 有时；到处；偶尔on the spot 现场，当场4. recall: v. remember, call back sth.* I cant recall his face/seeing him/that he came/where he lives/how to do it.听到有人叫我名字，我才清醒过来。(= The sound of my name recalled me to myself.)CF: memorize, remember & recall这些动词均有“记忆，记住，回忆”之意。memorize指有意识地下功夫把某事的整个细节都记在脑子里。remember含义较广，多指无意识地回忆起往事，也可指通过主观努力去记忆。recall比remember文雅，指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1) He _ that he had sent the letter over a month before. (= recalled)2) When I was at school, we were required to _ a poem every week. (= memorize)3) _ me to your family. (= Remember)4) I dont _ signing a contract. (= remember)5) She _ seeing him outside the shop on the night of the robbery. (= recalled) 5. prom: n. a formal party given for students by a high school or college class* Who are you taking to the Senior Prom? 她穿长裙去参加聚会。(= She wore a long dress to the prom.) 6. occur: vi. (esp. of unplanned events) happen, take place* Almost half of all fatal accidents occur while landing.* We hope this wont occur again.CF: happen, occur & take place这些词语都可表示“发生”之意。happen是普通用词，泛指一切客观事物或情况的发生，强调动作的偶然性。occur是较正式用词，可指意外事件的发生，也可指意料中事件的发生。take place多指通过人为安排事件的发生。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1) They _ to look in the right place almost immediately. (= happened)2) If any of these symptoms _ while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately. (= occur)3) Fortunately it _ that there was no one in the house at the time of the explosion. (= happened)4) The concert _ next Thursday. (= takes place)5) Where did the earthquake _? (= occur)7.scent: n. a pleasant natural smell* When you are choosing which flower to plant, appearance and scent should both be considered.玫瑰的芳香(= the sweet scent of roses) 8. mow: vt. cut (grass, corn, etc.) * I love the smell of new-mown hay.我们割地里的牧草给牛提供饲料。(= We mowed the field so as to provide the cattle with fodder.)Pattern:mow down 铲除；战胜Collocation:mowing machine割草机，收割机9. solemn: adj. serious and without any amusement* The service of burial is done with solemn and mournful music.就职典礼是一件严肃的事情。(= The inauguration was a solemn event.)Collocation:a solemn face/voice 阴沉的面孔/声音solemn music 庄严的音乐10. inquiry/enquiry: n. request for help or information (about sb./sth.)* It isnt polite to make many inquiries into other peoples affairs.他们有没有问起我的情况？ (= Have they made any inquiries after me?)11. disturb: vt. interrupt what someone is doing* Im sorry to disturb you so late, but my cars broken down and I was wondering if I could use your phone.* Please dont disturb Georgina shes trying to do her homework.CF: bother, disturb & trouble 这些词均有“使人不安或烦恼”之意。bother指烦恼引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。disturb较正式，多用被动态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，烦恼程度较深。trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1) He _ by a knee injury for most of the season. (= has been troubled)2) Dont _ making the bed Ill do it later. (= bother)3) Heavy truck traffic _ the neighborhood. (= disturbed)4) You wont get any credit for doing it, so why _? (= bother)5) He hung the “Dont _” sign around the door handle on the outside. (= Disturb)12. shred: vt. cut or tear sth. roughly into thin strips* Shred the lettuce (莴苣) and arrange it around the edge of the dish.他的工作之一是检查并撕毁成百捆的文件。(= One of his jobs was to check and shred hundreds of bundles of papers.)Collocation:shredded cabbage 切碎的白菜 13. become/be acquainted with: know or be familiar with sb./sth.* I am not personally acquainted with the gentleman in question.* I am already acquainted with the facts.14. indicate: vt. 1) show a need for; suggest* The change in his illness indicates the use of stronger drugs.症状表明急需外科手术。(= The symptoms indicate immediate surgery.)2) show the way to or the direction of; point out* Please indicate which free gift you would like to receive.她示意我什么也别说。(= She indicated to me that she didnt want me to say anything.)15. awkward: adj. 1) difficult to use, do, or deal with* Its an awkward corner to drive round, so take it slowly.* Hes an awkward customer (= a difficult person to deal with).* Some of the questions were rather awkward.2) not smooth or graceful; ungainly* An awkward girl is no help in the kitchen.一个笨手笨脚的女孩在厨房里帮不了什么忙。* He is still awkward with his chopsticks.他使用筷子还不熟练。CF: awkward & clumsy这两个形容词都含有“笨拙的”之意。awkward侧重缺乏优雅、机敏和技巧。用于物时，指使用不便。clumsy指人时，侧重行动笨拙；指物时，侧重制作粗陋或体积、重量过大而呈现笨重。More Examples：The clumsy dog knocked the cup over. 那只笨拙的狗把杯子打翻了。My attempts to apologize were very clumsy. 我的道歉显得很笨拙。16. be willing to (do sth.): be happy to do sth. if it is needed* If youre willing to fly at night, you can get a much cheaper ticket.显然，约翰愿意让我们使用花园。(= Apparently John is willing for us to use his garden.) 17. surgery: n. the performing of such an operation, usu. including the cutting open of the skin* The condition is serious; it will need surgery.* The patient had/underwent surgery on his heart. 18. option: n. the freedom to make a choice* The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether.机会总是留给有准备的人。(= There are various options open to someone who is willing to work hard.)CF：option, choice & alternative 这些名词均含有“选择”之意。option着重特别给予的选择权利或权力，所选物常常相互排斥。choice侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。alternative指在相互排斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上中进行选择。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above.1) Now you know all the facts, you can make an informed _. (= choice)2) There must be a(n) _ to people sleeping on the streets. (= alternative)3) They didnt leave him much _ either he paid or theyd beat him up. (= option)4) Id prefer not to work but I dont have much _. (= choice)5) Im afraid I have no _ but to ask you to leave. (= alternative)19. sturdy: adj.1) strong and firm, esp. in body* Its made of sturdy stainless steel.* He is short and sturdy.2) determined in action* He is a sturdy fighter for national independence.他们坚决反对那项计划。(= They kept up a sturdy opposition to the plan.)Collocation:a sturdy table 结实的桌子sturdy legs 健壮的腿a sturdy friend忠贞不渝的朋友20. youthful: adj. having the qualities that are typical of young people* At the time I admired his youthful enthusiasm.一位年轻的总统对国家的士气很有好处。(= A youthful president can be good for a countrys morale.)Collocation:sb.s youthful days 某人的青年时期youthful impatience 年轻人的急躁a youthful dancer 舞蹈新手a very gay and youthful spirit 非常愉快且朝气蓬勃的精神 21. behavior: n. the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, esp. towards others* He was notorious for his violent and threatening behavior.她的行为总是令人震惊。(= Her behavior is often appalling.)Pattern:be of good behaviorbe on (ones) good (best) behaviorput sb. on his best behavior22. accomplishment: n. 1) sth. that is successful, or that is achieved after a lot of work or effort* Getting the two leaders to sign a peace treaty was his greatest accomplishment.* She is known for her accomplishment in improving the countrys hospitals.2) the completion of sth.* We celebrated the successful accomplishment of our task.他们为了完成计划花了4星期时间。(= The accomplishment of their plan took four weeks.)NB: accomplishment 的动词原形是 accomplish。-ment是后缀，意为“行动；过程”，有时也指“行动或过程的结果”。例如：improve improvementargue argument astonish astonishment develop developmentenjoy enjoyment appoint appointmentexcite excitementaccomplish accomplishment advertise advertisementencourage encouragementDirections: Fill in the blanks with the words listed above, change the forms where necessary.1) To my greatest _, she even started calling me names in public. (= astonishment)2) We are very proud of the _ that we have made over the past few years. (= accomplishments)3) I _ my English writing effectively since I took the English composition course. (= have improved)4) If you want to see the director, you need to make a/an _ first. (= appointment)5) The news that Xiao Ming was accepted by Peking University caused great _ in this small mountainous village. (= excitement)6) The _ on TV have a greater influence on young people than those in newspapers. (= advertisements)7) There have been significant technological _ in this country in the last two decades. (= developments)8) Dont _ with me. We can always sit down and talk if you do not agree with me. (= argue)9) The Browns really _ their tour in Europe. They kept telling their neighbors about their wonderful experiences there. (= enjoyed)10) We need a lot of _ from each other in order to complete such a huge project. (= encouragement)23. create: vt. bring (something) into existence* The Bible says that God created the world.会见新客户时给对方留下好印象是很重要的。(= Its important to create a good impression when you meet a new client.)CF: create, invent & make这些动词均有“创造”，“制作”之意。 create侧重创造出来的东西以前并不存在，或者指独具特色的创作。invent主要用于科技领域，指通过思考、研究或实验制造出前所未有、极为有用的东西。也可用于表示“捏造；虚构”。make最普通，指任何创作或制造。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1) Her new trainer has promised to _ an Olympic athlete of her. (= make)2) The first safety razor _ by the company founder King C. Gillette in 1903. (= was invented)3) He _ a wonderful meal from very few ingredients. (= created)4) But I didnt _ the story everything I told you is true. (= invent)5) The pot _ to withstand high temperatures. (= is made)24. soak: v.1) (of liquid) enter (a solid) through the material of a surface* Youd better wipe up that red wine youve spilt before it soaks into the carpet.2) remain in the liquid, esp. to become soft or completely wet* Soak the fruit in brandy for a few hours before you add it to the mixture.那阵大雨把我淋得全身衣服都湿透了。(= That shower has completely soaked my clothes.)* The rain soaks the earth.25. share:1. v. have or use sth. at the same time as someone else* Lets share the sweets (out) among/between everyone.他将同你分担那项工作。(= He will share with you in the undertaking.)2. n. the part belonging or owed to or done by, a person* He had a large share in bringing it about, but no share of the credit.你该分担的费用是5英镑。(= Your share of expenses is five pounds.)Pattern:share sth. with sb. 与某人共享某物share sb.s trouble as well as sb.s joys 与某人同甘共苦for sb.s share 至于某人，就某人而言go shares 分享，分担，合伙经营26. tighten: v. make or become tighter, firmer or le