江阴英语家教高中英语.doc

江阴博思教育 移老师以下由 江阴博思教育 英语教师组分享：希望有帮助要想学好初高中英语，其实主要是心理，你心里想学，方法才能起作用，我们取得成绩也会事半功倍。下面我讲讲下英语学习的几个方法：1 坚持不懈，从不间断。就是要每天至少看 10-15 分钟的英语，早晨和晚上是学英语的最好时间。 2方法要灵活多样。不要认为一种方式学厌了，就没有其他方法来学习英语了，其实我们可以变换其他的方式，那么多方法，总会找到一个适合自己的。不要钻牛角尖，或者轻言放弃，要对自己说，我一定可以学好英语。3上下相连，从不孤立。记忆英语要结合上下文，不要孤立的记单词和短语，要把握句中的用法。 这个也是我特别要强调的，就是有的孩子他背单词喜欢死记硬背，老师要默写单词了，他就临时抱佛脚，其实根本就不能理解这个单词的意思和用法，背诵单词只是应付老师的检查。一旦碰到实际的运用，他就一问三不知。这个方法是切记不可行的。我们背单词应该结合句子和课文来背，记得拼写的同时还要掌握它的用法，学会举一反三。4熟记常用语，确保准确无误。就是把常用的交际用语背熟，俗话说熟能生巧，你多背背，做题的时候就会自然有一种语感出来了，有的题目就会凭着语感做出来了。 5多方位多角度来学英语。要经常读报、听广播、看外语电影、听外语讲座、读课本和别人交谈等方式来学英语。 不要认为学习英语就是做英语题目，或者看英语书，其实我们还可以通过课外阅读来提高我们的英语学习。现在网络很发达，我们可以经常听听BBC和VOA，听听人家的发音，有的同学听力做不好，就是因为他的发音不标准，所以录音里标准的英式英语和美式英语他根本听不懂。6敢于开口说英语，不要怕犯错误。人人都会犯错，这是在所难免的，只要敢说，就一定能学好。 很多孩子性格内向，不爱说话，更别提英语交流了，这是个学好英语口语的大忌，江阴博思的英语老师们为什么要强调大声读？就是这个原因。另外，多说还可以纠正我们的错误，如果你不说，你永远不知道自己的错误所在，你只有说出来，让别人给你指正过来，你才可以提高。句子的种类Man: How beautiful you are！（感叹句）Woman: who are you? （疑问句-特殊）Man: I am your princess, my lady. （陈述句-肯定）Woman: But I dont know you. （陈述句-否定）Man: But I love you. Please accept my love! （祈使句）Woman: Do you own much money or a little money? （疑问句-选择）Man: I own much money.Woman: Can you do everything for me? （疑问句-一般）Man: Yes, I can.Woman: So you would like to give me all your money, wouldnt you? （疑问句-反意）Man: Erer.Woman: Wouldnt you?Man: Yes, I would.Woman: Ok, then I love you, too.第八章 句子的种类与类型句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。 高考重点要求： 1. 掌握感叹句的用法和构成2. 掌握祈使句的构成及作用3. 掌握一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句的应答4. 分清简单句和复合句的类型第一节 知识点概述一、句子的类型1句子按结构分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。例如：He likes swimming and often swims in the river.并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起构成。例如：I learn English and he learns French.复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。例如：It was raining hard when I got home yesterday.2句子按功能分可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句陈述句用来说明一件事实或表达一种看法；疑问句用来提出问题；祈使句用来发出请求或命令；感叹句用来表达强烈的感情。二、句子的成分句子一般可以分为几个部分，每一个部分在句子中具有一定的功能，称为句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。1主语是一个句子的中心，主语的位置一般在句首。2谓语动词说明主语的动作与状态，一般在主语之后。3表语位置在连系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态。4宾语表示动作的对象，即动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词后。5补语补充说明宾语或主语的特征或状态.6定语修饰名词、代词7状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句。三、祈使句表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语往往省略。其常见的句式结构可归纳为四种基本形式：（1）肯定祈使句；（2）否定祈使句；（3）以Lets开头的祈使句；（4）以助动词do开头的祈使句。1肯定祈使句。如：Stop talking! Come here in time!2否定祈使句，即以Dont或Never开头的句子。如：Dont talk in class. Never leave todays work for tomorrow.3以Lets 或let开头的句子。如：Lets go together. Let him go first.4以助动词do开头的祈使句，在句中起加强语气的作用，译成“一定，务必”。如：Do come to see me if you have time.四、感叹句含有表示情绪色彩的句子叫感叹句。感叹句的结构通常有三种形式：（1）what引导的感叹句，强调句中的名词；（2）how引导的感叹句，强调句中的形容词或副词；（3）由感情色彩的单词或词组构成的感叹句。1What引导的感叹句。What+a/an+adj.+n.+主谓结构！（有时主谓结构可省略）。如：What a hot day （it is）!What good advice the teacher gave us!What high buildings （they are）!2How引导的感叹句。How+adj./adv.+主谓结构！如：How interesting the book is!How hard they are working!五、疑问句用来提出问题，表示疑问的句子就叫疑问句。这类句子的形式比较多，中学阶段常见的有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。（一）一般疑问句一般疑问句是用来询问某人或某物是否属实，并且要用yes或no来回答的疑问句。这种疑问句朗读时要用声调。其语序一般要用倒装结构。如：-Are you an engineer?-Yes, I am或No, I am not.（二）特殊疑问句以疑问代词（who, whom, whose, what, which等）或疑问副词（when, where, why, how等）开头的疑问句就叫特殊疑问句。这种疑问句朗读时用降调。其句式结构分正常语序和倒装语序两种形式。如：What has happened to her?When did he fly to America?（三）选择疑问句在句中提供的两个或多个答案中选择一个作回答的疑问句，就叫做选择疑问句。朗读时前面的一个或多个选择用升调，最后一个选择用降调。这种疑问句的句式结构有两种情况：即一般疑问句和特殊疑问句再加上供选择的两个或多个部分。但不管用哪种形式，都要按实际情况来回答。如：Do you enjoy playing football or volleyball? I enjoy playing volleyball.Which floor do you live , on the 15th floor or on the 21st floor? On the 21st floor.（四）反意疑问句表示提问者对自己所陈述的事情有怀疑或是没有把握，需要别人加以证实的疑问句，就叫做反意疑问句。其句式结构由两部分组成，即陈述部分再加一个简略问句。如果陈述部分是肯定句，简略问句就用否定形式；反之，简略问句用肯定形式。但不管用哪种形式，前后两部分中的人称、数、时态等都要保持一致，并且陈述部分中的主语不论是用什么词充当，简略问句中的主语一定是一个人称代词。对反意疑问句的回答，其肯定形式都用yes，否定回答用no。朗读时，陈述部分通常用降调，简略问句部分用升、降调随情况而定。如：You spoke at the meeting yesterday, didnt you?Yes, I did. 或No, I didnt .第二节 实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点1. 在否定句中注意no 与not 的用法no+名词相当于not a (any) + 名词例如:1. He made no mistakes in the maths test.2. He did not make mistakes in the maths test.2. 在表示推测的反意疑问句中,注意三种可能(1) 对现在状况推测, 附加问句用be的相应形式例如:He must be in the library , isnt he ?(2) 对过去发生的状况进行推测, 有表示过去的时间状语,附加问句用didnt 例如:You must have seen the film yesterday , didnt you ?(3) 对过去发生的状况进行推测, 句子没有表示过去的时间状语, 附加问句用havent (hasnt)或didnt 均可例如:He must have read the book , hasnt he ?3. 陈述句为I think (suppose , expect , believe , guess) 后接的宾语从句结构中,附加成分要用肯定式.例如:I dont think he will come tomorrow , will he ?4.带有否定前缀的词,虽然意义上是否定,但还是肯定句,反意疑问句的附加部分用否定句.例如:These visitors are unwelcome here, arent they ?5. 祈使句的反意疑问句,以表示客气,陈述部分用肯定,反意部分也用肯定.例如: Lets go there , shall we ?Have a cup of coffee , will you ?6. 感叹句中除了用what !与how!两个常见句型外,陈述句结构,一个词组,甚至一个词表达惊异,喜悦,赞赏的感情时, 加上感叹号, 也可视为感叹句.例如:The grass and the rising sun ! 多么青葱的草地,多么明媚的晨光!7. 在并列句和复合句中,注意连词的用法。当连词连接两个句子时, 一定要注意句子结构的完整,汉语有“因为所以” , “虽然但是” 结构, 但英语中because 不与so 连用, though 不与but 连用。例如:When it rains , I usually go to the office by bus .Though it was late , we went on working .二、历届高考试题分析例1、There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _? A. wasnt there B. was there C. didnt itD. did it答案为A【解析】 反意疑问句前面肯定，后面否定。there be句型的反意部分不作特殊变化。例2、Dont be discouraged._things as they are and you will enjoy the days of your life. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Take答案选C。【解析】 查“祈使句+and+简单句”句型。表示如果就。例3、Mrs Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _?A. is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she答案为D。【解析】 因为主句是否定句，其主语是Mrs Black，所以它的反意疑问句是does she。在含有宾语从句的句子中，除第一人称外，要根据其主句的主语确定反意疑问句。 例4、_role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting答案选D。【解析】 将感叹句转换为陈述句：She played an interesting role in the film.根据感叹句的构成规则，不难看出正确选项。例5、Brian told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, _?A. was there B. wasnt there C. didnt he D. did he答案为C。【解析】 这是一个反意疑问句。主语是Brian，所以要填didnt he。由于受“当主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think, suppose等动词时，反意疑问句要根据从句的谓语动词来确定”规则的影响，误填了was there。例6、 English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known答案为A。【解析】 本句用“祈使句+and+句子”的并列句型，表示含有条件状语从句的复合句的意思，所以祈使句应以不带to的不定式开始。例7、I thought Jim would say some thing about his school report, but he _ it.A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned答案为C。【解析】 宾语从句中的动作和but引导的分句中的动作发生在同一时间，所以两个并列成分的时态保持一致，都是过去时。例8、Thanks for the lovely party and the delicious food._.A. No thanks B. Never mind C. All right D. My pleasure答案为D。【解析】 本题考查回答感谢的交际用语。“No thanks”不符合英语表达法。“Never mind”是没关系，“All right”是“好吧”的意思，可以排除A、B、C。例9、Lets go swimming, shall we? _.A. Its my pleasure B. It doesnt matterC. Yes, lets go D.I agree with you答案为C。【解析】 这是一个反意疑问句，反意疑问句与一般疑问句的答语相似之处就是要用Yes或No作明确回答。当对方用Lets征求意见时，可以回答Yes, lets译文：“我们去游泳，好吗?”“好的，走吧。”Its ones/a pleasure是对“Thank you”的回答；It doesnt matter是对“Sorry”的回答。I agree with you是同意别人的观点、看法。例10、I enjoyed the food very much.Im glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like._A. Is it all right? B. Im afraid I wont be free.C. Yes, I will. D. Thats great.答案为C。【解析】 当对方邀请做某事时，可以回答Yes, I will.或Certainly, I will.译文：“我非常喜欢这种食物。”“我很高兴你喜欢它。请什么时候顺便到家来。”“好的，我会来的。”用Is it all right?和I m afraid I wont be free.回答很不客气。Thats great.的意思是“那太好了。”不符合日常说话的习惯。第三节 巩固练习Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.1. We must get up early tomorrow, _ well miss the first bus to the Great Wall.A. so B. or C. but D. however2. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As4. _ she is young, she knows quite a lot.A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless5. Although he is considered a great writer, _.A. his works are not widely readB. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely readD. still his works are not widely read6. It was not _ she took off her glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. whenthat B. untilthat C. untilwhen D. whenthen7. _ the 2016 Olympic Games will be held in Paris is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That8. You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. unless B. until C. if D. or9. I dont like chicken _fish.I dont like chicken, _I like fish very much.A. andand B. andbut C. orand D. orbut10. What was the party like?Wonderful. Its years _I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. before C. when D. since11. Would you like to come to dinner tonight? Id like to. _ Im too busy. A. And B. So C. As D. But12. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ Father was away in France.A. as B. that C. during D. if13. Although brought up in China, _ he is well known for his novel about Russia. A. however B. and C. but D. yet14. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while15. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away? A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise16. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever17. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where18. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when19. Why do you want a new job_ youve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when20. Im going to the post office. _youre there, can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If21. _ on, and you will succeed in solving the problems. A. To keep B. Keeping C. Keep D. Having kept22. They wanted to change 5,000 for the car, _ we managed to bring the price down. A. but B. so C. when D. since23. Seize the chance, _you will regret it. A. so B. otherwise C. but D. however24. They had no sooner arrived at the airport _it was time to check in. A. when B. before C. then D. than25. Lets go through the question _we can take these measure at present. A. as B. that C. which D. whether26. Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you.A. so B. and C. but D. yet27. The new English course has been well received by beginners, _ it helps them to develop their basic skill. A. now that B. so that C. for that D. in that28. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _?A. did they B. didnt they C. did it D. didnt it29. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is30. She found her calculator _ she lost it.A. where B. when C. in which D. that31. It was nearly class time _ I remembered that I had left my textbooks at home.A. that B. when C. at which D. during which32. _ to see so many flowers in full bloom!A. How nice it is B. How nice is it C. What nice it is D. What nice is it33. The information will be helpful to _ will take over the job.A. those B. who C. whoever D. anyone34. _ girl Mary is !A. How clever a B. What clever a C. How a clever D. What clever35. Hed learned how to operate the computer before he came to work here, _?A. didnt he B. wouldnt he C. shouldnt he D. hadnt he36. Joan never drinks tea in the evening _ ?A. doesnt she B. does he C. doesnt he D. does she37. If I knew the answer , I wouldnt be asking, _ ?A. didnt I B. did I C. would I D. wouldnt I38. I dont suppose anyone will vo