分词系统理论知识.doc

现在分词、过去分词（知识点）现在分词与过去分词可作: _语、_语、_ 语、_语(指出下列分词或分词短语,并说明其在句中的用法即句子成份)That was an extremely interesting speech. ( )People running these factories are very conerned about the environment. (）This destruction is frightening. （）We all found his argument convincing and interesting.（）They stood there talking to each other.（）Having observed the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem .（）Being ill, he is absent today.（）We are making bigger holes in the nets, hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.（）The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty.（）Preparing fully,we can achieve great things.（）We should drink boiled water.（）The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.（）Edison became interested in science when he was very young.（）She found the door locked.（）The girl lay in bed lost in thought.（）When completed, the museum will be open to the public.（）Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.（）Given more time, we could do it much better.（）II.非谓语动词作定语（现在分词、过去分词、不定式、动名词）如何选用。表示:主动、正在进行、修饰名词的性质和特征, 选用_表示被动、完成、（感情等）状态，选用_表示将来选用_表示用途,选用_如：The factory making TV sets is very large.（表_)The sleeping child is only five years old. （表_)The girl sitting beside me is my cousin. （表_)This is an interesting story.（表_)Half of the guests invited to the party were foreigners(表_)fallen leaves落叶;the risen sun 升起了的太阳(表_)The matter related to your future cant betaken for granted.(表_)The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.（表_）His wish, to become a doctor, will come true.(表_)There is no swimming pool here.(表_)The house being built/to be built/built (分别表_)注意：现在分词的完成时having done不可作定语(一般用定语从句表示); 我们一般不说:The girl having won the race is my desk mate. 而常这样说:The girl who has won the race is my desk mate.III非谓语动词作表语（现在分词、过去分词,不定式，动名词）如何选用。表示主语的性质特征选用_表示主语的（感情等）状态，选用_;说明主语的内容：表示将来具体某一次的动作，选用_； 表示经常性、习惯性、一般性的行为选用_； The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.(表示_)The bookstore is now closed.(表示_)The children looked puzzled.(表示_) My job is teaching.(表示_)His dream is to be a doctor. (表示_)注意:凡表示“令人的”用_形式，凡是表示“感到”用_形式。IV.非谓语动词作宾补(不定式、现在分词、过去分词）如何选用。1).感官动词后接宾补：表示动作的全过程或经常发生选用_(被动句不省略_); 表示动作正在进行选用_; 表被动、完成、（感情等）状态，用_。2).使役动词动词后接宾补:使役动词have, make, let后接宾补,表结果先用_(被动句不省略_) ; 使役动词get, leave, set, send后接宾补,表结果选用_; 使役动词按宾补表持续进行,选用_ ; 使役动词接宾补表被动、完成、（感情等）状态选用_。I heard him singing in the next room。(表_)I saw her cross the street。(表_)Do you often hear them sing in the room ? (表_)I noticed the room cleaned.(表_)Dont keep the students doing homework all day.(表_) I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (表_) 注意：“ have sth. done”含义: “_”(事情既可以是别人完成，也可以由主语参与完成) 例如： He had the walls painted this morning. （主语自己可能参与） “_”。例如： He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. “_”。例如： Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. V、.非谓语动词作状语（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）如何选用。表目的，构成only/never to do 表意外结果，be+adj.+ to do 表原因时，选用_.表主动(而不表目的)选用_(发生在谓语动作之前用现在分词的_形式）表被动、(感情等)状态,选用_。注意：现在分词、过去分词作状语可表时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随、，相当于相应的状语从句或并列句（现在分词短语作原因状语，通常用be, feel, know, recognize, consider, fear等状态动词的现在分词短语;现在分词作结果状语,多用于句尾, 前用逗号隔开; 表示顺乎自然的（必然的）结果. ）。_(hear) the news，they all jumped with joy. (表_)_( water) the flowers，he began to cut the grass. (表_)_(Work) hard, you will succeed. (表_)_(Be) ill, he had to stay at home. (表_)The cup dropped to the ground, _(break) into pieces. (表_)She came _(run) towards me. (表_)The children ran out of the room, _(talk) merrily.(表_) Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university.(表_) A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking _(Ask) why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. (表_)_(Catch) in a heavy rain, he was all wet. (表_)_(Water) more, these cabbages could have grown better(表_)_(Surround) by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. (表_)_(Defeat) again, he didnt lose heart. (表_)注意:1）现在分词的完成被动式一般可以用_替换（表次数时，用_；句中有过去时间状语，用_)Discussed(_), the problem was settled at last._(discuss) several times, the decision was finally made._(Build) in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful. 2). 由be+过去分词构成短语表非谓语作状语时，去掉_动词,即可。（常见的有：be lost in（陷入某种状态）、be lost/absorbed（沉溺于）in、 be born in（出身于）、be dressed in（穿着）、be tired of（厌烦了）等。 _(lose) in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 3)分词作状语前可加连词：分词作状语，前可加一个表示时间、条件、让步、方式关系连词，使意思更清楚：He scanned the newspaper while _(have) breakfast. Though _(work) day and night, the gambler still could not make enough money to pay off his debts. The man walked hurriedly, but suddenly stopped, as if _(remember) something. VI. 现在分词、过去分词的插入语（固定）结构现在分词： generally speaking_, judging from_, talking of, speaking of_, supposing _过去分词：: compared with/to _Compared with /to her mother, she is taller. VII. 现在分词、过去分词的时态、语态形式（分词的否定形式为其前加_)现在分词：一般式_(正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生) 完成式:_(发生在谓语动词动作之前) 被动一般式：_(表正在进行，不作_)。被动完成式_(在句中多作状语，不能作_)。过去分词：只有一般式(没有完成式,没有被动式)The car_ ( repaire) nowis mine. _(repair), the car cant be used.VIII分词的独立主格结构：分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语相同；当分词的逻辑主语不同于句子主语时，则分词要加上自已的独立主语，叫分词的独立主格结构。 The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.IX、其它感观动词、使役动词后接非谓语动词表被动，要用_形式(不用不定式、现在