动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定1.doc

动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)和分词(-ing/-ed)三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。* 中考对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在以下三方面：1. 动词不定式和动名词作宾语；2. 不定式作宾语补足语、状语和定语；3. 固定句型和固定词组搭配。* 一、不定式 1. 动词不定式的基本形式为：to + 动词原形 （to是不定式符号，本身无词义。） 动词不定式的否定形式为：not + to + 动词原形2. 动词不定式的句法功能：. 作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面，其结构为： It + be + adj. + (for/of sb.) + 动词不定式To learn English well is useful. = It is useful to learn English well.*（如: important, necessary, useful, 等形容事情的形容词后，用for；）（如: kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of。）Its important for us to protect the environment. 对我们来说保护环境很重要。Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明了。. 作宾语 有一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的谓语动词和固定搭配有：* like, would like, want, try, agree, disagree, begin, start, decide, refuse, stop, forget, remember, hope, wish, learn, seem, , need, pretend（假装）* have time to do sth. used to do sth. get/have a chance to do sth. get/have an opportunity to do sth. try/do ones best to do sth. make up ones mind to do sth.=make a decision to do sth.= decide to do be supposed to do sth.（应该做某事） be willing to do sth.（愿意做某事）in order to do sth.（为了）I want to go to the beach for my holiday. 我想去海滩度假。 He hopes to be a lawyer in the future. 他希望将来当一名律师。 I try to eat a lot of vegetables. 我尽量吃很多蔬菜。（8上Unit 1） Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？* 在think, find后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 He found it hard to catch up with his classmates. 他发现很难赶上他的同学们。* 常见的一些不带to的不定式作宾语的结构：Why not .? had better . would rather than Could /Would/ Will you please .?Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots?你能给我提点关于度假场所的建议吗？ （9全Unit 7）I would rather stay at home than go out with you. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿和你出去。. 作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。（也就是：不定式的动作是由作宾语的人来做的。） * 动词tell, ask, want, allow, get, teach, would like, encourage后常跟不定式作宾语补足语My mother wants me to drink milk every day.She invited me to come to her party yesterday. The teacher asked us to be quiet in the classroom.My father himself taught me to play the piano when I was young. My friend, Kim, encouraged my sister to learn French.* 一些使役动词和感官动词后也用不定式作宾语补足语，但这时的不定式的to要省略。这些动词有：一感（feel）、一听（hear）、一帮助（help）、三让（let, make, have）、三看（see, watch, notice）要记住。但这些动词变为被动语态时，必须加上to。Now let me hear you play the violin. 现在让我来听你拉小提琴。 主动：The boss often made the workers work 16 hours a day. 这个老板经常让工人一天工作16小时。 被动：The workers were made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.主动：I saw him enter the classroom just now. 我刚才看见他进了教室。被动：He was seen to enter the classroom just now.* see，watch，hear，notice之后的用不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语时，含义不同，需特别注意。试比较：I often hear her sing in the next door.我经常听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。（经常性的动作）I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.我坐在她附近听她唱新歌。 （指整个过程）I heard her singing when I walked past.我路过时听到她正在唱歌。 （指当时正在进行的动作）. 作表语 多数情况下，不定式和动名词作表语可转换成作主语。My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room every day is my work.His hobby is collecting stamps. = Collecting stamps is his hobby. . 作定语 * 不定式作定语时，应放在名词后。那个名词就是不定式里动作的对象。I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗？I was the first one to hand in the exam paper. 我是第一个交试卷的。I have a little sister to look after at home. 我家里有个小妹妹要照顾。There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。I dont have a partner to practice English with. 我没有和我练习英语的伙伴。They could not find a place to live in. 他们找不到住的地方。 Please give me a chair to sit on. 请给我一张椅子坐坐。 . 作目的状语* 放在不及物动词come, go, stop, finish, wait等词的后面，表示目的。She went to see her grandma last Sunday. 她上周日去看她奶奶了。He came to give a talk yesterday. 他昨天来给我们做了个报告。I stopped to have a rest. 我停下来休息一会儿。They waited in line to buy the tickets to the concert. 他们排队等候买音乐会的票。He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他跑地如此快是为了赶头班车。Im sorry to hear that he had a cold last week. 听说他上周感冒了，我很难过。 . 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。Im very upset and dont know what to do. 我很不安并且不知道做什么。 = Im very upset and dont know what I should do.We didnt decide where to go for this vacation. 我们还没决定假期要去哪。 = We didnt decide where we should go for this vacation.Can you teach me how to search the Internet? 你能教我怎样上网吗？ = Can you teach me how I could search the Internet?He does not know which one to take / choose. 他不知道该选哪个。 = He does not know which one he should take / choose.* 注意: I dont know what to do. = I dont know how to do it. 我不知道怎么做。 请你完成以下的练习：1. She asked me _ (say) something about my school.2. Tom, please ask your friends _ (not run) in the hallways. Its dangerous.3. I often help my mother _ (do) some cleaning.4. Would you like _ (have) a cup of coffee?5. She wants _ (buy) a book about animals.6. Please tell him _ (finish) his homework today.7. He is often the last one _ (go) home. Its time _ (have) classes.8. My teacher asks me _ (stand) up.9. -Do you need _ (order) some milk for breakfast? -Yes, I do.10. Its so nice _ (meet) you here. Im sorry _ (tell) you the bad news.11. It took me ten minutes _ (walk) to school.12. Would you like something _ (drink)?13. Im very hungry. Id like something _ (eat).14. They have a lot of books _ (read).15. Hed like _ (come) over to your house.16. Would you like _ (have) something to eat?17. Could you please _ (close) the door for me?18. The boy is trying (climb) the tree. That girl wants (go) skating.19. Lin Ping is a very funny boy. He can make your baby _ (stop) crying.20. Why dont you let your son _ (join) the football team?21. The young people are watching the singer _ (sing) at the theater.22. Her father asks her brother _ (not waste) time.23. He will have to get up _ (meet) his friends tomorrow morning. 24. The man is going to buy a computer _ (search) the Internet.25. Could you give him something _ (do)?26. He has much homework _ (do) every day. 27. The teacher is showing the students how _ (use) a computer.28. We dont know where _ (find) a book about sharks.29. The girl cant decide which sweater _ (buy).30. Linda always helps me _ (study) math in my home.31. You look so tired. You should stop _ (have) a rest.32. Tom, please stop _ (make) so much noise. You will disturb others.33. Dont stop _ (sing)! You have a beautiful voice. You can keep _ (sing) here. I like _ (listen) to your voice.34. When I passed the classroom, I heard someone _ (read) English loudly.35. I often hear Lucy _ (sing) songs in her bedroom.36. Maggie often sees some boy _ (play) soccer on the playground.37. Ive got used to _ (eat) the food in China. And I find it is quite delicious.38. My father used to _ (live) in the countryside. Now he lives in a big city.39. I made up my mind _ (study) hard at my spoken