浅谈我国煤矿开采技术和工艺的创新和应用.doc

/ /浅谈我国煤矿开采技术和工艺的创新和应用Introduction to Chinas coal mining technique and technology innovation and application近些年，随着我国的经济的发展以及人民生活水平的提高，不论是工业生产还日常生活中，对煤等能源的需求是急剧增加。但由于我国煤矿的开采技术落后，导致在开采过程中，原煤开采效率低下，已经很难满足社会需求了。这就要求我国的煤矿企业要不断创新开采技术，做好设备的更新和维护工作，提高开采效率。In recent years, with the development of our countrys economy and the improvement of peoples living standard, whether also in daily life, industrial production is a sharp increase in demand for coal, etc. But because our country coal mine mining technology behind, lead to in the process of mining, coal mining of low efficiency, has been difficult to meet the social needs. This requires our countrys coal mining enterprises to innovative production technology, to do a good job of updating and maintaining equipment, improve production efficiency.1开采技术和工艺的创新和应用1 drilling technique and technology innovation and application不断的创新开采技术和采煤工艺是煤矿企业在原煤开采过程中，实现科学、安全采矿的重要手段。采煤技术的不断创新和完善能够有效的带动采煤过程中各个环节的改革，提高采煤效率。现代采煤工艺越来越注重开采过程中，效率的高低、是否科学合理、是否安全稳定等内容。煤矿企业通过将开采技术和现在先进的生产技术有机的结合在一起，通过研究高效、智能、安全、合理化的开采设备和科学的监控和应用系统，来不断的创新改革采煤工艺。在不断创新开采技术的同时，实现采煤工艺的多元化发展。近些年，随着我国原煤开采业的不断发展，我国长臂采煤法已经日益臻熟，放顶煤采煤也在逐渐成熟。但在一些地理环境恶劣、地质结构复杂的一些地方，原煤开采的技术和工艺还有待提高。Mining technology and mining technique innovation is in the coal mining process of coal mining enterprises, an important means of realizing scientific and safe mining. Coal mining technology of continuous innovation and improvement to effectively drive the mining process each link of the reform, improve the efficiency of coal mining. Modern coal mining process, the technology is more and more attention to the efficiency of the high and low, whether reasonable, whether the security and stability, etc. Coal mining enterprises by mining technology and advanced production technology of organic unifies in together, through the study efficiency, intelligence, safety, the rationalization of production equipment and scientific monitoring and application system, coal mining technology reform to innovation. At the same time of mining technology innovation, realize the diversified development of mining technique. In recent years, with the continuous development of coal industry in our country, our country long arm mining method has increasingly become ripe, the caving mining has also been gradually mature. But in some parts of geographical conditions, complicated geological structure, coal mining technology and the process needs to be improved.开发和研究“煤层深、顶板硬、对硬煤层实现高产高效成套技术”，来解决一些难题。Development and study of coal, hard roof, hard coal seam to realize high yield and efficient complete sets of technology, to solve some difficult problem.对顶板过硬的煤层，主要通过研究煤层的埋藏程度、压力的大小来开发出厚硬顶板的开采技术。在对地下岩层实行定向水力压破、钻孔爆破等一些处理技术，使直接顶能够边采边冒。提高效率，且保障基本顶能够按照预先设计的距离塌落，这样既方便了顶板爆破，又可以确保原煤开采的正常运行。In hard coal seam roof, mainly through the study of buried coal seam, the size of the pressure to develop a thick and hard roof mining technology. In directional broken hydraulic pressure in underground rock formations, drilling, blasting and other processing technology, make immediate roof can side by side. Improve efficiency, and guarantee basic roof can according to the design in advance from the cave, so convenient the roof blasting, and can ensure the normal operation of the raw coal mining.对于顶煤存放性差、体积的综合开放性成套设备开发技术研究，有利于对煤层的顶板实行爆破和控制。这样既方便了顶煤的存放，又确保了后面刮板运输机的输送能力。For storing volume and the comprehensive opening of top complete sets of equipment development technology research, is advantageous to the blasting in coal seam roof and control. It is convenient and the storage of the top-coal, and ensures that the scraper conveyor behind the transmission capacity.顶板硬以及煤层硬的前提下，做好放顶煤的快速开采技术，研制科学、合理的回采技术，简化开采流程，缩减存煤时间，提高采煤的效率。6米以下的宽煤巷锚杆支撑工艺，在原煤的开采过程中，做好宽煤巷锚杆支撑工艺，方便大型开采设备的持久工作，大大提高了采煤的效率。Hard roof and hard coal seam under the premise of make fast the caving mining technology, to develop scientific and rational stoping technology, simplifying the mining process, coal cut to save time, improve the efficiency of coal mining. 6 meters wide of bolt supporting in coal roadway under the process, in the process of coal mining, make wide coal roadway bolt support technology, convenient enduring work of large mining equipment, greatly improve the efficiency of coal mining.2“三下采煤技术”2 technical mining under three做好相关数据的模拟计算和类似材料的模拟工作。同时，对煤层表面之上的地质构造变化以及地表塌陷的规律进行仔细研究和分析。对地面、建筑工程、地下水资源的数据和参数进行科学的研究和分析，以确保实现对它们的合理利用。不断的拓展和延伸地表升降的理论和重要技术。这其中就包括使用一些废弃物料向塌陷区的工作面进行填充的系统。开发和使用各类填充工艺和组合填充工艺，房屋土建工程的重建和加固技术，科学的开采技术，做好靠近地下水源的原煤开采工艺的研究工作，实现原煤开采和能源城市和谐统一的开采升降控制、土地垦护和井道地下水资源化的重要技术。3对矿井、道实行科学、合理分配，缩减矸石排放的开采技术 对传统的采煤方法和工艺以及井、道分配进行不断的完善和和改进。通过科学的分析和研究，开发出专业的煤矿地质地理空间信息以及对开采井、道实现合理分配的技术和工艺。以实现开采技术、矿井、道分配和地下煤层地质条件的合理匹配。Ready to relevant data of numerical simulation and similar material simulation work. At the same time, the coal seam above the surface of the geological structure change and the laws of surface subsidence for careful study and analysis. On floor, construction projects, groundwater resources, scientific research and analysis of data and parameters, in order to ensure the reasonable use of them. Continuously expand and extend the lifting surface theory and the important technology. Including the use of some scrap material to the subsidence of coal face filling system. Developing and using a combination of all kinds of filling process and filling process, housing rebuilding and reinforcement of civil engineering technology, scientific production technology, make close to the underground water of raw coal mining technology research, realize the harmonization and unification of the raw coal mining and energy city mining lifting control, land reclamation and an important technology of the shaft groundwater resource protection. Three pairs of mines, scientific and reasonable allocation, reduce emissions of waste rock mining technology to the traditional mining method and technology as well as the distribution of Wells, constantly perfect and improve. Through scientific analysis and research, to develop professional mine geological geographical spatial information and the production well, realize reasonable allocation of the technique and technology. In order to realize the mining technology, the mine, the distribution and reasonable match of underground coal bed geological conditions.4深矿井开采技术4 deep mine mining technology深矿井开采技术的核心就是：原煤开采过程中的地压控制、甲烷和矿井内的通风状况、井道分配等；需要指出的是，在这个环节中要重点做好矿井围岩的现状和应力场及其分布现状的研究工作。同时，也要做好深井工作面的开采环境变化、深井坑道的迅速挖掘和支撑设备防护、深井下地压冲击防治和监控等技术的研究和开发工作。Deep mine mining technology core is: raw coal in the process of mining ground pressure control, methane, and mine ventilation, the distribution of shaft, etc.; It should be pointed out that, in this part will focus on the present situation of the surrounding rock mine, and present distribution of stress field and its research work. At the same time, also want to do deep well mining of working face of environmental change, deep well rapid excavation of the tunnel and support equipment protection, under the deep impact ground pressure control and monitoring technology research and development work.5加强小煤矿开采技术改造工作5 small coal mining technology reform work对生产技术落后、开采设备老旧、管理制度不完善的小煤矿，实施淘汰关闭政策。加强单一矿井规模的技术改造工作，做好小型采煤设备更新和维护工作，实现对采煤设备的机械化管理。对小型煤矿的开采技术和采煤工艺进行不断创新和改进，提高原煤开采过程中的采煤效率。同时做好采煤工作面的顶板控制和保护工作，将开采过程中，顶板事故的发生概率降到最低。To old backward production technology, production equipment, imperfect management system of small coal mines, to implement closed policy selection. Single scale of mine technical renovation work, completes the small mining equipment updating and maintaining work, implementation of mechanized coal mining equipment management. For small coal mining technology and mining technology for continuous innovation and improvement, improve the efficiency of coal mining in the process of mining. And coal mining working face roof control and protection work, and will, in the process of mining roof accident probability to a minimum.6煤炭地下气化技术6 underground coal gasification technology所谓煤炭地下气化技术是指将采煤工作面里的煤炭，通过一定的方法进行合理的燃烧，并产生可燃气体的过程。这项技术是一种全新的、特殊的原煤开采技术，在国际上也很少使用。煤炭地下气化技术相比传统的原煤开采技术有者投资小、用时短、成效快、费用低、效益高等诸多优点。特别适合我国地理环境恶劣、地质构造复杂和煤层贮煤质量低劣的矿区。应该来说，这项技术在我国还有很大的应用发展前景。我们应该继续完善和创新煤炭地下气化技术，做好“深井道、断面宽、两阶段”以及“矿井式煤炭地下气化”的研究工作，以确保在开采过程中，实现对原煤开采的科学、安全生产和开采。Underground coal gasification technology refers to the coal in the coal mining face, through certain methods for reasonable combustion, and produce process of flammable gas. The technique is a new and special coal mining technology, is rarely used in the world. Underground coal gasification technology compared to the conventional raw coal mining technology with small investment, short, quick effect, low cost and high efficiency advantages. Particularly suited to Chinas geographical conditions, complicated geological structure and coal seam coal mining area of the inferior quality goods. Should, for example, the technology also has the very big application prospect in our country. We should continue to perfect and innovation of coal underground gasification technology, completes the deep well, the section width, two stage and mine underground coal gasification research work, in order to ensure that in the process of mining, realize scientific, safe production of coal mining and mining.7使用采场围岩控制技术7 use of stope surrounding rock control technology在开采过程中，通过使用科学、合理的岩层控制技术，来确保原煤开采工作的安全正常进行，提高开采效率，降低采煤成本。通过对以往原煤开采的信息资料和数据研究，将理论分析、现代统计学预测、和实际测量法等进行有机的联系和整合，借助计算机应用技术，对各种煤层的地质构造以及开采环境进行科学的分析和研究，如断面宽、断面深等矿区的地下压力规律以及围岩的破坏和平衡机制。不断的优化和改良围岩控制技术。In the process of mining, through the use of scientific and reasonable strata control technology, to ensure the safety of coal mining work normal, improve production efficiency, reduce the mining cost. Through the information and data on previous raw coal mining research and theory analysis, modern statistical prediction, and the actual measurement method to carry on the organic connection and integration, with the aid of computer application technology, for all kinds of the geological structure and coal seam mining environment for scientific analysis and research, such as depth of cross section width and cross section of underground mine pressure regularity and the destruction of the surrounding rock and the balance mechanism. Continuous optimization and improvement of the surrounding rock control technology.做好顶板支撑设备的开发和研制工作。在采煤工作面中，遇到煤层硬和底板硬的情况，需要放置顶煤液压器，以防止在原煤开采过程中，引发顶板事故。同时，不断的完善和优化液压支撑设备的功能特性以及迅速移架系统。开发和研制耐损耗、体积小、重量轻的单体液压支撑设备和煤层厚井道锚索。To do a good job of development and the development of roof support equipment. In coal mining