构词法：派生法.doc

Word Formation - derivation一.构成名词的后缀: (Suffixes forming nouns)SuffixesExamples-erthinkerharvesterpain-killereye-opener -oractorsailortransistorsemi-conductor -istMarxistscientistdentistBuddhist -eeemployeetraineerefereetrustee -esshostessactresswaitresslioness -ianmagicianmusiciantechnicianphysician -eseChineseJapanesePortuguesePekinese -antinhabitantcontestantlubricantdependant -ismsocialismracismheroismoptimism -nessillnesshappinessgreatnesscoldness -(a)tiondictationpreparationexceptionrepetition -mentmovementargumentjudgmentgovernment -ionexpansiondiscussionrevisiondecision -ingbuildingfeelingpaintingwedding -shipleadershipfriendshipscholarshiphardship -ageshortagemarriageleakageshrinkage -hoodchildhoodfalsehoodlikelihoodmotherhood -urefailurepressurepleasureseizure -domfreedomkingdommartyrdom officialdom -tyloyaltycrueltysafetypenalty -ityactivity realityhumiditypossibility -ymodestydifficultydiscoveryinquiry -thtruthwarmthhealthlength -alrefusaldenialapprovalarrival -encedependenceconfidencedifferencereference -anceacceptanceallowanceassistancereliance -fulmouthfulhandfulplatefulbusful -ryjewelrybriberyslaveryrivalry -eerengineermountaineerauctioneerprofiteer -ettecigarettekitchenetteusherettedinette -atedoctorateconsulateelectoratesulphate -letbookletleafletpigletStarletPossible New Words to You:1. harvester收获者;收割者;收割机 2. transistor晶体管;晶体管收音机(=transistor radio)3. trustee(财产的)受托人,保管人4. lubricant润滑油(剂) / lubrication给油,润滑5. dependant/ dependent受抚养者 6. heroism英雄气概英勇的行为7. falsehood谎言(= lie): tell a falsehood = tell a lie8. likelihood (的)可能,可能性 There is no/ a strong likelihood of his winning the first prize.9. martyrdom殉难,受难 die a martyr to ones duty10. officialdom官僚,官员(集合用法)11. inquiry询问,查问;侦查,审讯 I made inquiries about my lost umbrella in all the stores I had visited.(询问)hold an official inquiry 进行正式调查They made no further inquiry into the incident.(侦查)12. auctioneer拍卖人 13. profiteer囤积居奇者 囤积居奇,谋取暴利 vi.14. doctorate 博士头衔,学位 award / grant a doctorate 颁给博士学位 earn/receive/obtain a doctorate 获得博士学位15. consulate领事馆16. electorate选民,选举团 (集合用法)17. sulphate(=sulfate) 硫酸盐二.构成形容词的后缀:(Suffixes forming adjectives)SuffixesExamples -fulcheerfulusefulgratefulfaithful -lesscarelesshomelessfearlessmotherless -ishchildishreddishSwedishselfish -iveactivecollectivedecisivedestructive -ouscourageousfamouscontinuouserroneous -ableacceptableagreeableapplicablecomfortable -iblecontemptiblesensibleresponsiblepermissible -icrealisticpoetichistoricenergetic -antignorantsignificantdefiantobservant -lyfriendlyleisurelylivelydaily -alcriticalaccidentalcontinualexceptional -yrainyhandythirstydirty -entdifferentdependentconsistentobedient -aryimaginaryrevolutionaryhonorarysecondary -sometroublesomeburdensomelonesometiresome -likechildlikewomanlikewarlikemanlike -engoldenwoodenearthenwoolen -edlandedmoneyedculturedtalented -anEuropean IndianAmericanCanadian -atefortunateaffectionatepassionateinnate Possible New Words to You: 1. collective集合的,聚集的 adj. collective (noun) 集合名词 It was due to the collective efforts that we could achieve such a great success. (集体的努力)2. motherless没有母亲的 adj. (Cf. motherhood母性,母亲身份n.)3. agreeable心情愉快的,令人愉快的,宜人的 adj. agreeable weather 宜人的天气 an agreeable person 讨人喜欢的人 Her voice is agreeable to the ear. 她的声音悦耳.4. applicable可适用的,可应用的 adj. The method is not applicable to every situation.5. contemptible卑劣的,可鄙的 adj. contemptuous轻视的,瞧不起的 adj. She was contemptuous of her humble home.(轻视,看不起.) contempt 鄙视,藐视 contempt for a traitor 对于叛逆者的藐视 Many people feel contempt for such an attitude. (藐视) bring sb. into contempt 使蒙受耻辱 have/hold in contempt 藐视6. permissible可允许的 adj. (Cf. permissive放任的,纵容的)7. erroneous错误的,不正确的 adj. 8. defiant挑战的,反抗的 adj. (Cf. defiance反抗,挑战) defy sb. to do 激(挑惹)某人做 I defy you to try and lift it. You should not defy the law. (公然反抗,藐视Vt.)9. observant观察力敏锐的,立即察觉的,眼尖的adj. A detective must be very observant.10. exceptional例外的,特别的,稀有的;卓越的 adj. Such warm weather is exceptional in January. make an exceptional achievement 取得卓越的成就11. consistent一致的,没有矛盾的 adj. His story isnt consistent with the facts. (与相一致) He is consistent in his argument.(在方面一致)12. honorary名誉(上)的adj. an honorary president 名誉主席 honorable光荣的;高尚的 adj. die an honorable death 光荣舍生 He comes of an honorable family.他出身名门.13. secondary次要的;(学校/教育)中等的 adj. This matter is of secondary importance. secondary education中等教育 (Cf. higher education) secondary school(= high school in the States/public school or grammar school in Britain / middle school in China) secondary stress/ accent 次重音三.构成反义词的前缀: (Prefixes forming antonyms)PrefixesMeaningExamplesun-不;做相反的动作unhappyuntrueuncomfortable dis-不;做相反的动作undressundounpackin-不informalinaccurateinconvenientim-不immoralimpoliteimpossibleir-不irregularirresistible irresponsibleil-不illegalillogicalillegitimatenon-不,非non-existentnon-smokernon-stopping de-向相反的方向发展defrostdecentralizedemobilizePossible New words to You:1. non-existent没有的,不存在的 adj. (something that doesnt exit)2. illegitimate私生的;非法的,法律不容的 adj. an illegitimate child私生子 She is illegitimate. 她是私生女. illegitimate use of company property对公司财产的盗用3. defrost除去的冰/霜vt.;使解冻vt. defrost the fridge / the car windscreen 给冰箱除霜/给汽车挡风玻璃除霜A frozen chicken should be allowed to defrost completely before cooking.冻鸡肉应彻底解冻后再烹调.4. decentralize权利下放(即将权利从中央转到地方政府)vi.5. demobilize使sb.复员,退伍 (= release sb. from military service)四.其它常用前缀:(Other useful Prefixes )PrefixesMeaningExamples re-重新retellredesignrewrite mis-错误的misspellmisinformmisunderstand anti-反,防anti-tankanti-fascistanti-clockwise over-过于overdooverestimateoversimplify under-不够overdooverestimateoversimplify ex-以前的，前任的ex-husbandex-presidentex-serviceman pre-预先的,提前的prefabricatepre-liberationpre-school (children) post-在之后的postwarpost-electionpostgraduate fore-预先,前foretellforelegforefront self-自动,自我self-starterself-serviceself-correct mal-不良的maltreatmalfunctionmalnutrition super-超级,上层superman supermarketsuperstructure sub-下层的,次要的subwaysubdividesubconscious inter-之间的,互相的internationalinteractinter-continental tele-远距离的telescopetelephonetelevision trans-跨越的transatlantictransplanttrans-Siberian micro-微型的,微缩microfilmmicrobiologymicrocomputer mini-特小的minibusminiskirtminicab semi-半,一半的semi-circlesemi-finalsemi-sphere uni-单的unicycleunisexunilateralmono-单的monoplanemonologuemonosyllabic by-双的bicyclebimonthlybilingual tri-三个的tricycletriangle tripartite auto-自动的automationautonomousautobiography *be-构成动词belittlebedimbefriend *en-可以和n/adj构成动词enslave endangerenrageenlargeenrich *a-和名词构成adj/advasleepabroadasideashoreablaze *a-和动词构成另一个动词,意思有少许变化ariseawakearouseabide multi-多个的multi-racial multi-nationalmultilateral Possible New Words to You:1. misinform sb. (about sth.) 向某人提供错误信息vt. I regret to say you have been misinformed about that.2. prefabricate(以预制构件)组装vt. prefabricate kitchens/houses/schools3. forefront最前部;最重要的地方 The new product took the company to the forefront of the computer software.这一新产品使得该公司在计算机软件领域中已处于领先地位.How to be an outstanding student at school is in the forefront of my mind.(我首先考虑的事)4. self-starter有主动性(积极性)的人 5. belittle轻视,贬低vt. befriend对尽朋友之道,照顾(某人)vt. They befriended the young girl, providing her with food and shelter.(照顾)6. tripartite有三部分的,涉及三人的 adj. a tripartite discussion 三