2010年中考英语复习指导.doc

精品资料2010年中考英语复习指导 一、听力理解听力是构成语言交际能力的重要组成部分。听力水平的高低直接影响说、读、写三项技能的综合运用能力。听力理解能力的测试是检查我们能否运用语言进行交际的一个重要方面。根据英语课程标准五级技能“听”目标描述及中考说明对初中毕业生的要求，我们应该达到：1能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图；2能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点；3能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意；4能听懂接近正常语速的故事和记叙文，理解故事的因果关系；5能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应；6能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。近年来，听力测试在中考中所占比例不少于20。听力理解题型：分三小节，共24分。（一）听力命题范围中考说明中，（熟练掌握，多念熟记）附录一：功能意念项目表（65项）打电话，问路，购物，就餐，就医，谈论天气等。约会，建议，爱好；时间；方位；颜色；价格；职业；原因和结果等。附录二：话题项目表（24项）（三）备考听力策略和应试技巧 1、背诵、朗读对话和短文，强化听力，增加语感；（ 利用好教材中的听力材料，反复听，跟读）2、根据听力要求训练听对话和独白 （抓细节、双方身份、对话背景、主旨意图等）3、除听与教材熟悉的话题外注意与实际生活贴近（ 热门话题：活动安排，导游解说，广告宣传，使用说明，电话录音，布置要求等）；4、听力练习要精听、泛听相结合； 5、听力录音的语速适当加快； （ 限定时间进行专项、综合听力练习）浏览预测：听力测试时，首先要做到“先看后听”，争取主动，以便在听录音时有针对性。快速浏览试题的选项，预测录音内容，是中考听力测试中最基本、实用的，也是考生必须掌握的技巧之一。边听边记：听录音时要同时采取脑记和手记的方法。记录时要有重点、有技巧。例如，有关数字的内容要用阿拉伯数字记录；地名、人名用相关的字母代替；单词用缩写，长句抓主要成分等。二、单项填空单项填空的特点是覆盖面广，知识点多，综合性强，题量大。在考查学生对词汇、语法知识的基础上，增加了在特定的语境中运用词法、句法、惯用法的考查，突出了综合运用英语语言能力的考查和日常交际用语的考查。即此题型突出语境，突出交际。总的来说是词法、句法、惯用法、语境四大考点。（一）命题原则： 中考说明中，双项细目表中熟练掌握和掌握的50项，是命题的核心。（ 考点：代词、介词、名词、形容词比较级、连词.、动词的语态、时态 、情态、不定式等）1基础题以学生为本，掌握语言的基本规律，学会生存的基本语言，并能初步正确运用；2中档题不为难学生，要求学生肯动脑子，考虑周全到位，能够灵活运用；3难题 考查1）对语境的理解，日常生活中常用的，但比较灵活；2）动词短语的灵活运用，如：make, work, stand, run等，考查学生平时的积累和灵感。设置真实语境，考查学生在语境中灵活运用基础语法知识的能力。不设置偏题、怪题，避免单纯语法考查，凸显主干知识的考查。主干知识是指初中毕业学生在英语书面表达中常用的、必须掌握的基础语言知识。六年中考（20042009）单项填空考点分布： 编号考 点 内 容数量编号考 点 内 容数量1代词的宾格名物主代词(05) 512不定代词 413介词 in，at，on 514名词35形容词比较级等级526形容词37连词but and318特殊疑问词where519动词词组的辨别310一般现在时, if条从(主将从现)5111一般过去时4112现在进行时5113现在完成时6114情态动词can5115被动语态(一般现在，一般过去)4116动词不定式(ask sb to do)5117动词+doing (finish / enjoy )518祈使句 219句型Youd better do 320从句(宾语从句)4121情景对话422there be 句型11省略to的动词或动词短语记忆口诀：不定式，作宾补，下列词后省略to：四看（look at，see，watch，notice），二听（listen to，hear），一感觉（feel），还有使役动词三（let，have，make）2后接-ing形式的动词或动词短语记忆口诀：坚持(persist on，insist on)完成(finish)需练习( practise) ，冒险(risk)后悔(regret)应介意(mind)。喜欢(enjoy)想象(imagine)太忙碌(be busy)，原谅(excuse)拖延(delay，put off)提建议(suggest)，避免(avoid)错过(miss)保持(keep)期。 明确提高英语成绩的2个关键1.克服母语的影响: 努力培养英语的语言习惯.在平时的练习中,一定要养成一个习惯,即:凡是用到动词就自然想到它的恰当时态、语态、语气以及是谓语还是非谓语。凡是用到名词时就一定要注意单数和复数的问题。这样有意识地培养英语的语言习惯，就能够减少语言错误。2.在实践中培养语感语法给了我们语言的基本规则，而良好的语感使我们能直觉地正确判断和使用语言。语法是可以讲授和学习的，而语感却难以直接传授。良好的语感在高考中不仅对做答单项填空试题有利，对阅读理解试题、听力试题和作文试题也会有很大帮助。阅读理解的对应策略一. 词汇的积累。要增强阅读能力的第一个要素是扩大词汇量。 只有通过大量的阅读才能提高单词的复现率，才能牢固记忆单词。另外，大量的阅读还能增强学生的语感。二. 学习阅读和学习语法是同时进行、相辅相成的。在阅读中不熟悉各种语法的规则和规则的含义，阅读时就不能准确地理解作者要传递的信息。若能理解有些语法的含义，阅读理解的效率就可以明显提高。 三. 保证阅读篇章的数量。一天最好完成13篇阅读材料七、完成句子l 掌握中考说明中所给的基础短语l 熟练掌握市区教研辅导时所给的50个常用句型结构20042009届完成句子试题一览表：（20042009）考 查 句 子 类 型2004200520062007200820091Its time to / for 1112be late for (yesterday)23lets do sth.324as soon as435sothat 546Youd better do117What / How about?218tooto 349be as famous as (三单)410Its (not) possible/good to55211Why not do .?2212There is something wrong with313Im sorry to keep sb. doing414spend time doing sth.5515be busy doing316not only but also 417Whats wrong with ?318stop sb. from doing sth.5中考英语书面表达8个话题一、介绍人物 （自己、家庭、朋友和老师等个人变化、个人爱好以及与自己或他人的关系和感受等）二、介绍地点（家、学校、城市及旅游地点等情况）三、校园生活（日常活动、学科目、校规、比赛等）四、课外生活（家庭生活、家务劳动、公益活动等）五、假期安排（定计划聚会、旅游、志愿者活动等）六、节假日活动（庆祝、欢度等，计划或过去经历）七、环境保护及健康（环保、疾病、食品健康等）八、个人观点与建议（对身边发生的事，如：学习、交友、制度等表达自己的情感，提建议或劝告【考题再现】2009年北京市中考英语某英文报纸就家务劳动（Housework）话题征文，请你投稿。每个家庭都有许多家务，人人都应该学做过一些。谈谈你经常帮父母做哪些家务，有什么体会，并打算在暑假为家里做什么。提示词语：every family, lots of housework, learn to do, help, parents, be/feel proud of步骤一：中文小文段（中文单句） 每个家庭都有许多家务。 人人应该学做一些。 我经常帮父母扫地、洗碗。 我喜欢帮家长做家务，因为他们工作努力、辛苦，下班后非常累。 我希望他们能放松并且高兴。 暑假就要到了，我打算学做饭，我相信父母会以我为自豪。步骤二：汉译英 1. Every family has a lot of housework. 2. We should learn to do some housework. 3. I often help my mom and dad do some. 4. I can sweep the floor and clean the dishes. 5. I love helping my parents with the housework. 6. They work hard every day and are very tired after work. 7. I hope they can relax and be happy at home. 8. The summer vacation is coming, and I am going to learn to cook. 9. I believe my parents will be proud of me.步骤三：连长句 3 + 4句 I often help my mom and dad do some such as sweeping the floor and cleaning the dishes. 5 + 6句 I love helping my parents with housework because they work hard every day and are very tired after work.步骤四：出亮点 Every family has a lot of housework. In my opinion, teenagers are supposed to learn to do some housework. How about you? I often help my mom and dad do some such as sweeping the floor and cleaning the dishes. I love helping my parents with housework because they work hard every day and are very tired after work. I hope they can relax and be happy at home. The summer vacation is coming, and I am going to learn to cook. I believe my parents will be proud of me.步骤五：文章升华 As for their daughter, I am eager to share their hard work and want them to share my happiness. So I will try my best to do more chores to make them relaxed and happy at home. The summer vacation is coming, and I am going to learn to cook. I believe my parents will be proud of me. Lets do housework now! Being helpful to our parents is fantastic. 参考范文：Every family has lots of housework. Everyone should learn to do some of it. I often help my parents do housework such as washing clothes, cleaning the room and watering flowers. （常做了什么事） I think Ive learned how to take good care of myself and my family by doing housework. Sometimes cleaning all the windows is an enjoyable experience. I really feel proud of myself. And doing housework is also a kind of exercise. （体会） The summer holiday is coming. Im going to learn how to cook some dishes. My parents will be happy to enjoy them. （计划） 范文1Talking about computer games Dear editor These days more and more students are getting to be interested in computer games. And they spend plenty of time playing games on the internet. Im very worried about them. Because the more games they play, the more interests they lose. And it is very harmful for both their studies and their health. So teachers must stop them from playing games at once. However I think the best way to do it is to teach them more knowledge on science. Then they will pay more attention to science instead, wont they? Meanwhile, why not consider founding more volunteer clubs, and let them help others in their leisure time? Furthermore, I hope you could come up with more ideas to solve this problem. Thank you! 范文2Dont Let Our Friends Cry These days ,because of pollution, more and more animals are getting endangered. It has become one of the most terrible problems in the world. How to stop polluting? What should we do? At first, we must make sure that the earth belongs to not only humans but also all living things. So we have to provide animals with somewhere suitable to live. I couldnt believe what I saw on TV - Many people still cut down forests and some waste water is still discharged from factories. This makes animals have no place to live. Its time for authorities to stop people from destroying environment. However, we are supposed to share this whole wonderful world with animals, right?八、写作能力训练与复习建议把好文章用到极致提高英语写作写作能力的提高是多种因素协调发展的结果。提高写作能力的秘诀是：“读、背、写”。一读美文，悟文意。即体会好的用词和文章结构。真题中完形填空的文章都是精美的文章，要在做完题后朗读文章，摘抄经典句式和名句。二背美句，即背诵好的和经典名句。在写作过程中，能恰当地使用经典句式和名句有利于增加文采。如何写有关人物介绍的记叙文人是一切社会关系的总和。因此在写人时就要写人所处的社会环境，人与人之间的关系，这样的人才给读者以真实感。也只有通过人在特定环境中的所作所为，思想感情，才能展现人的精神，人的性格。因此在写人的书面表达中，我们要用人物的言行来表现他的思想，用人物的神态来表现他的情感，多做生动的具体的描写，让自己所写的人物有血有肉，个性鲜明，栩栩如生，给人留下深刻的印象。一、人物介绍方法 人物介绍属记叙文题材。写人物介绍要按记叙文的要求，把人物的经历，行为等基本情况交代清楚。人生的经历，行为是由若干时间构成的，人和事是相互依存，密不可分的。1 以记人为主，即以人物为中心组织材料。2 以记事为主，以一件事物为中心组织材料，通过事情来介绍人物。（本试题应把1，2合起来写。）二、所介绍人物的类型 （除介绍老师、介绍父母外，还分为以下几类：）1 介绍同学：要注意写出青少年的朝气与活力，写出他们特点：富有幻想，追求新奇，关心时尚。2 介绍朋友：主要是指生活中关系密切的人，对自己有重大影响的人，因此要重点写出朋友的性格，脾气，对自己的影响等，以显出朋友的珍贵。3 自我介绍：自我介绍时通常介绍自己的年龄，身份。兴趣，爱好及家庭状况等情况。三、人物介绍的注意事项1 选材要有代表性，要选择人物一生中的重要成就或突出人物性格特点的材料，对次要情节要一笔带过。另外，还要注意选择材料的客观真实性，不要人为的言过其实。2 语言要精练，简短，生动感人，不要拖泥带水，平铺直叙。3 要交代清楚人物，事件，时间，地点，原因和结果这六个要素。尤其是人物，事件不可以省略。4 人称和时态的使用。人物介绍常用一般过去时。若是写当前情况，则可以用一般现在时，现在完成时等时态。人称常用第三人称。四、人物介绍的段落结构 写人物介绍的典型的段落通常有三部分：1 主题句，它主要是用来揭示本段的中心思想。有时候用格言开篇，令人耳目一新。例如：Its said that “Teachers make the world go around.” My English teacher is the best one I have ever seen.2 发展句，它们都是起着支持，发展主题句的作用，发展句与主题句之间应保持密切有机的内在联系。 如表达教师如何启迪学生细节时， Once I failed in my English test and lost my confidence. She encouraged me with the words “Confidence in you is the first step on the road to success.” 3 结论句，它通常概括全段，与主题句互相照应。With her help, I made great progress in English and became increasingly interested in it.All in all, I feel really lucky to have such a good teacher like her. Such is my English teacher, the greatest teacher in the world. 3丰富多彩的表达形式英语中的近义词丰富多彩。在英文写作中，为了避免上下文的重复，通常用近义词取代上文出现过的词。这样会使语言富有变化，增强文章的可读性，令之棚壁生辉。同时也避免了行文的平淡、乏味。My friends favorite subject is English. 我朋友喜爱的科目是英语。在谈及自己喜爱的事物时，还有哪些表达方式呢？例如：English is my favorite subject. 英语是我喜爱的科目。 Im good at English. 我擅长英语。I do well in English. 英语是我的强项。I like English best. 我最喜欢英语。I love/like English very much. 我酷爱英语。I enjoy learning English. 我喜欢学英语。 Im fond of English very much. 英语是我的挚爱。I take great interest in English. 我对英语有浓厚的兴趣。4. 好句妙语绘新篇（平时积累：背诵好句子(充分利用教育资源)1. Easier said than done. 2. The happiest people in the world are those who bring happiness to others. 3. Music plays an important part in everyones life.4. Good ideas often start with a really silly question5. As young men, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers.6. The world is smaller than before- because of TV. TV opens our eyes and mind.7. Not only do I feel good about helping other people but also I get to spend time doing what I love to do.8. You can spend many happy hours doing 9. I realize that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner.10. Beijing, the capital of China, is one of the largest cities in the world. In the past twenty years great changes have taken place in Beijing. Now she has developed into a modern, international city.11. We are planting more trees because trees can stop wind from blowing sand storms.12. Its our duty to keep the environment clean and tidy.13. Believe it or not, in 5 years Beijing will better.14. Of course there will be less pollution more trees and the air will be cleaner and fresher.15. You cant imagine how beautiful it is.16.The city will be wonderful with beautiful flowers and green trees everywhere. 17. .（四）写好文章要学会巧用过渡连词、妙用副词等1巧用过渡连词 连句成篇不是将一句话一句话简单的排在一起，而是要注意上下文的逻辑关系。我们可以使用一些表示并列，递进、让步、转折、因果等关联词语以及连接上下文的起承上启下作用的过渡句。这样文章会过渡自然，通顺流畅。eg. Unit 8 How was your school trip? (B3) First,ThenAfter that,After lunch,At the end of the day, 表示时间顺序的过渡连接词：first, then, after that, later, then, finally, in the end, / in the morning, during the coffee break, at lunchtime, after lunch, in the afternoo等等。 表示事物发生的先后顺序可以用下列过渡词：first, next, after that, then, finally,first of all/ in the first place, in the second place, moreover, besides, in addition 等等。 如在归纳总结时我们可以用这些过渡词：to sum up, in conclusion, in summery , in short, all in all, in brief, generally speaking,on the whole, to cut a long story short, 表示对比：on one hand, on the other hand；for one thing, for another；however, nevertheless, 2妙用副词 表示行为特征或性状特征的词叫副词。副词在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词、或整个句子。用来表示时间、场所、状态及程度。 我们学过的副词有always