数学常用词汇中英文对照.docx

SAT数学常用词汇中英文对照1.基本的数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值round off四舍五入2. 有关几何中的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle 圆心角straight angle 平角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角 所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形 有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的 有关图形上的附属物altitude高slope 斜率parabola 抛物线directrix 几准线vertex 顶点depth深度side 边，边长circumference, perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median of a triangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数) 有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number 奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数reciprocal aj, n 倒数composite number合数排列(permutation) 组合(combination)2/3 as many A as B: A=2/3*B.twice as many. A as B: A=2*Bpower 次方 （25=the fifth power of 2）tie 并列，齐平bisect 平分plane 平面intercede截距(有正负之分)median of an trangle 三角形的中线median 中数 in terms of 用.表达be contained in 位于.上to the nearest 最接近的closest approximation 最近似的least common multiple 最小公倍数least possible value 最小的可能值least common multiple最小公倍数abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标quadrant象限coordinate 坐标interest rate 利率single interest 单利compound interest 复利down paymentmarginprofit 利润depreciation 折旧discount 折扣list price 标价sale price 买价purchasing price 卖价retail value 零售价mark up 涨价mark down 降价plus prep.加/adj.正的, 加的addition 加sum 和minus prep.减去/adj.负的, 减的/n.负数subtract v.减 (subtraction n.减法)difference 差multiply v.乘 (multiplication n.乘法/繁殖 )multiplier乘数multiple倍数times 倍product乘积at 总计（乘法）divide v.除 (division n.除法/分开)divisor 除数dividend 被除数/红利divided evenly被整除divisible 可整除的quotient 商composite number合数prime number质数set 集合prime factor质因子common factor公因子common divisor公约数sequence 数列geometric progression 等比数列 arithmetic progression等差数列（等差级数）3-digit number三位数decimal 小数decimal point 小数点tenths digittenth 十分位units digit 个位ratioproportionfraction 比例fraction 分数/比例denominator分母numerator分子improper fraction假分数proper fraction真分数parallel line 平行线 number line 数线arm/lag 直角三角形的股trapezoid梯形rhombus菱形polygon多边形parallelogram 平行四边形quadrilateral四边形square 正方形/平方(数)square root 平方根parallelogram 平行四边形quadrilateral四边形square 正方形/平方(数)square root 平方根-agon -边形 *常用tetragonquadrilateral 四边形*pentagon五边形*hexagon六边形heptagon七边形*octagon八边形enneagon=nonagon九变形*decagon十变形hendecagon=undecagon十一边形dodecagon十二边形quindecagon十五边形-hedron -面体hexahedron六面体quadrihedron四面体=三角锥cone圆锥（体积=1/3PI*R*R*H）pyramid 角锥、棱椎, 金字塔, 叠罗汉volume体积cube立方数/立方体cylinder圆柱体sphere球体tangent 相切的circumscribe外切，外接inscribe内切，内接concentric circle同心圆几 何 部 分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle 外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数)opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系rectangul