必修2 Unit5 Music核心知识梳理.doc

必修2 Unit5 Music核心知识梳理必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection必修2Unit3Computers核心知识梳理必修2Unit2TheOlympicGame必修二Unit1Culturalrelics课文材料附后 必背基础词汇：classical 古典的 roll vt.&vi.滚动;(使)摇晃 n.摇晃;卷;卷形物;面包圈 orchestra 管弦乐队 rap 说唱乐 folk 民间的 jazz 爵士乐 choral 合唱队的 musician 音乐家 dream of 梦见;梦想;设想 pretend 假装;假扮 to be honest 说实在地;实话说 attach 系上;附加;连接 attach to 认为有(重要性、意义）;附上;连接 form 组成;形成;构成 fame 名声;名望 passer-by 过路人;行人 earn 赚;挣得;获得 extra 额外的;外加的 perform 表演;履行;执行 pub 酒馆;酒吧 cash 现金 in cash 用现金;有现钱 studio 工作室;演播室 millionaire 百万富翁;富豪 play jokes on 戏弄 actor 男演员;行动者 rely vi.依赖;依靠 rely on 依赖;依靠 broadcast n.&vi.&vt.广播;播放 humorous 幽默的;诙谐的 familiar 熟悉的;常见的;亲近的 be/get familiar with 熟悉;与熟悉起来 or so 大约 break up 打碎;分裂;解体 attractive 吸引人的;有吸引力的 addition 加;增加;加法 in addition 另外;也 sort out 分类 excitement 兴奋;刺激 ballad n.歌谣;情歌;民谣 overnight adv.在晚上;在夜里;(口)很快;一夜之间 dip 浸;蘸 lily 百合花 confident 自信的;确信的 brief 简短的;简要的 n.摘要;大纲 briefly 简要地;短暂地 devotion 投入;热爱 afterwards adv.然后;后来 invitation n.邀请;招待 beard 胡须 sensitive adj.敏感的;易受伤害的;灵敏的 painful adj.痛苦的;疼痛的 above all 最重要;首先 核心单词1. attach vt.&vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接常用结构：attach .to .附上；连接；系上；把归于attach importance/significance/value to sth. 认为某事物重要/有意义/有重要价值attach oneself to 依附; 参加(党派等)be attached to 热爱；依恋;附属于I attached a wire to the radio.我在收音机上接了一根金属线。Hell attach the label to your luggage.他会把标签系在你的行李上。How can you attach the blame for this accident to the driver? 你怎么能把这次事故的责任归于司机呢？Although he was seriously ill, he took part in the basketball match because he attached great value to his school sports record. 尽管他病得很重，他还是参加了学校的篮球比赛，因为他把学校的体育纪录看得很重。He is deeply attached to his mother. 他深爱着自己的母亲。This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.这个医院附属于附近的那所医学院。完成句子很多人认为成为富人和名人很重要。Many people attachgreat importance tobecoming rich and famous.我们要把发展经济的工作放在首位。(primary)We should attach the development of economy.答案： great importance to primary importance to2. form vt. 形成；构成；排列；(使)组成；养成（习惯）拓展form用作名词时的固定搭配：as a matter of form作为一种形式；礼貌上fill out/in a form填表格take the form of .采取的形式in the form of .以的形式be in/out of form处于良好/不良的竞技状态辨析form/shape/figure 这三个名词的一般含义为“形状”或“外形”。 form是其中最普通、使用范围最广、含义最多的词。它可以表示哲学上讲的“形态”，文艺上的“体裁”，雕刻艺术中的“形状”，以及普通含义的“方式”或“形式”等。此外，form也可以表示人或动物的“体形;外形”。 shape可以表示隐约可见的“人影”或“物影”、“几何图形”、人体“外形”、引人注目的人物或塑像等。 figure指物时，侧重指轮廓；指人时，着重指姿态。A plan began to form in his mind.一项计划在他脑海里形成。One of the most important tasks for parents is to help and promote to form a childs character. 父母的一个重要任务就是要帮助和促进孩子个性的形成。The soldiers formed into a line.士兵们排成一行。Flour, eggs, fat and sugar form the main contents of a cake. 面粉、鸡蛋、脂肪和糖是做蛋糕的主要原料。This disease takes the form of high fever and sickness for several days. 这种病呈现持续几天的发热和呕吐症状。(1)单项填空This band is of eight boys and girls, including two Japanese. A. made B. consist C. attended D. formed(2)翻译句子老师让学生排成一排。他们正在用陶土做碗。解析：(1) 选D。句意为：这支乐队由8个男孩和女孩组成，其中有2个是日本人。“由组成”可用:be made up of, be formed of或consist of表示。(2)The teacher formed the students into a line.They are forming bowls from clay.3. brief adj. 简短的；简要的; n. 搞要；大纲 briefly adv. 简要地；短暂地Mozarts life was brief.莫扎特的一生是短暂的。常用结构： in brief to be brief简言之；简单地说；一句话翻译句子请简洁地说。总之，你做得不好。答案：Please be brief.In brief, your work is bad.4. earn vt. 赚；挣得；获利；赢得；获得常用结构：earn ones living=make a living 谋生earn money= make money 挣钱earn a good reputation 赢得一个好名声易混辨析 earn/obtain/acquire/get/gainearn 侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价，有功而获得。obtain 着重指通过巨大努力、要求得到所需或盼望已久的东西。acquire书面用语，强调通过不断地、持续地努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地获得。get一般用语，使用较广。可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力。gain侧重指经过努力或有意识的行动而取得某种成就，或指获得某种利益或好处。She earned a living as a parttime secretary.她靠做兼职秘书为生。He failed to obtain a scholarship. 他没有获得奖学金。（巨大努力、盼望已久的）His achievement earned him respect.他的成就赢得人们的尊敬。（靠自己的劳动）He gained much good. 他得到很多好处。（利益或好处）He got the first prize in the listening contest. 他在听力比赛中获得了一等奖。（使用较广）单项填空 The day I discovered that the good name my parents hadbrought our whole family the respect of our neighbours. earnedB. deservedC. givenD. Used 解析：选A。按照句意，此处应为“赢得”的意思。earn的宾语可以是name, fame, reputation, position等。5. hit n. （演出等）成功；打击；打;vt.&vi. 击中；碰撞；袭击；（精神上）打击；使突然想起常用结构：hit it 猜中，说对了hit on/upon 偶然碰上；偶然找到；偶然想起be/make a hit (with sb.)（给某人）留下很好的第一印象；使某人一见钟情辨析 hit/strike/beat hit 用于表示“命中，击败”。 strike 指有意识的动作，也可以指无意识的动作，可能是用力地打一下，也可能是多下。敲钟必须用strike。 beat 指有目的地在某物上连续不断地击打、轻打、重打都可以。如：心脏的跳动。 Her new series is a smash hit. 她的新系列节目极为成功，引起轰动。The farmers were hit hard by the drought last winter. 去年冬天久旱不雨，农民受到严重打击。 It hit me all of a sudden that he had already come back.我突然想到他已经回来了。单项填空 The song was aat once and its recording tape rose to No.1 on the best-seller list.shock B. strike C. hit D. beat解析：选C。按照句意此处表示“（演出等方面）成功”。6. performance n. C演出；演奏；表演；成绩；成果；表现U履行；实行；完成常用结构：put on a performance 上演；表演give a performance 进行表演The evening performance begins at 8 oclock.晚上的演出8点开始。He failed completely in the performance of his duty.他完全没有履行他的职责。Our basketball teams performance has been excellent.我们篮球队的表现一向优异。拓展perform v. 履行，执行，做；表演，演出；工作运转（好/不好）The engine seems to be performing well.这台机器看上去运转良好。perform an experiment 做实验perform an operation 做手术perform a ceremony 出席仪式单项填空It was known to him that they would invite him toin the New Years Concert.A. perform B. reachC. attain D. accomplish 解析：选A。动词perform此处用作不及物动词，意为“表演；演出；演奏”，其他三个词意为“达到；完成”，不符合句意7. familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的拓展get/be familiar with 主语通常是人，表示“熟知某人/某事”。be familiar to 主语一般为物，表示“（对某人来说）某物是很熟悉的（事物）”。Are you familiar with this type of car?你熟悉这种型号的汽车吗？Are you familiar with the rules of baseball?你熟悉棒球的规则吗?These facts are familiar to you all. 这些事实你们大家都很熟悉。French was as familiar to him as English.他像熟悉英语那样熟悉法语。完成句子我可以当你的导游，因为我 对这个地方非常熟悉。 I can be your guide because Ithis area.他的名字是我所熟悉的，但是我想如果我再看到他，恐怕认不出来了。 His nameme, but I dont think I can recognize him if I see him again.答案：am familiar with is familiar to重点短语8. dream of 梦想常用结构：dream of/about (doing) sth. 梦见做dream of/about sb./sth梦见某人/某物dream ones life away虚度光阴dream a .dream 做梦I dreamt about flying last night. 昨夜我梦见自己在飞翔。Was it real or did I dream it? 是真的还是我当时在做梦呢?翻译句子她虚度一生, 一事无成。我梦见自己能飞翔。答案：She dreamt her life away, never really achieved anything.I dreamt (that) I could fly.9. to be honest(with you) 老实（对你）说拓展honestly speaking老实说；实话实说to tell the truth 说实话；老实说To be honest, I dont like him very much. 老实说，我并不是很喜欢他。We dont have a chance of winning the match, to be honest. 说实话，我们没有赢得这场比赛的可能。单句改错To be honesty, it is the worst film I have ever seen.Honest speaking, you are the most hardworking person I have ever seen.答案： honestyhonest HonestHonestly10. break up 解散；驱散；分裂；拆散；结束；使精神垮掉拓展break away from 摆脱；脱离break down 机器出故障；崩溃; 瓦解break in 破门而入；插嘴break into the house破门而入break ones promise/word 食言break out 战争、火灾等爆发break into laughter 突然大笑break through 突破；穿过break off the conversation/relations中断交谈/关系The police tried to break up the crowd. 警察试图驱散人群。The car is always breaking down.这辆车老是出毛病。Children shouldnt break in on adults conversation.小孩子不要打断大人们的谈话。单项填空The couple had quarrelled all time before they their engagement.A. broke down B. broke throughC. broke off D. broke out解析：选C。句中quarrel暗示了“中断婚约”。break off the conversation/relations中断交谈/关系。11. above all 首先；尤其；最重要的是拓展above all是从事物的重要性上说的“首先，最重要的是”。first of all是从事物的排列顺序上说的“第一”。in all表示“总共；总而言之”。after all表示“毕竟”。all in all 从各方面考虑；总的来说not at all 不用谢all long 一直，始终Never waste anything, and above all, never waste time.不要浪费东西,尤其是不要浪费时间。单项填空Would you like to see a film with me?Id love to, but I cannot; , I am busy. For another, I dont want to go out today.A. for one thing B. for exampleC. for another thingD. above all解析：选A。从空后的for another可知答案。for one thing, .for another为固定搭配，意思是“一方面，另一方面”。【重点句型】1. Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends素不相识的人们经常议论他们的私生活就像是谈论他们亲密的朋友一样。( p.38)1). 连词as if=as though，意为“仿佛，像，似乎”。 通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等连系动词的后面。 其后的从句可以用陈述语气，但多用于虚拟语气。如：How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白发十分凌乱，好像触了电似的。(虚拟语气) She seems as if she is going to cry她似乎要哭了。(陈述事实) 2).as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。如:He acts as if a fool他做事像个傻子。 He raised his hand as if to take off his hat他举起他的手，好像要取下帽子。 3). as if (though)还可以表达感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设和推测表示不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。如：As if anyone would believe that story!好像有人竟会相信那样的事!As if we were all stupid and he alone clever!哼，就仿佛我们都是傻瓜，只有他一个人聪明似的。活用1). 你像是见了鬼似的。_2). 这个男孩四周察看，像在寻找什么东西。_Keys:1). You look as if you had seen a ghost2). The boy looked about as if in search of something.语法和词汇知识1. Tom pretended _ it；but in fact，he knew it very well.Anot to listen toBnot to hear aboutCnot to have heard aboutDnot to be listening to解析：pretend not to have done假装没做过某事；pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事；pretend to do sth.假装做某事。由he knew it very well可知，应选C项。答案：C2.Many people in China have never dreamed of _ a chance for them to learn to drive after their retirement.Abeing BthereCthere to be Dthere being解析：介词后用名词、代词或者动名词，所以there be句型要用there being的形式。答案：D3.I cant give my son the leading position._，he is too young；secondly，I want Mr.Smith to have the job.AAfter all BFor exampleCIn the end DTo begin with解析：after all毕竟，终究；for example例如；in the end最后；to begin with 首先。根据句意知应选D项。答案：D4.We were very tired and walked with difficulty，but we got home _.Aat all Bafter allCabove all Din all解析：“我们已疲惫不堪，行走艰难，但我们毕竟到家了。” after all此处表示“毕竟”之意。答案：B5.He makes about $1000 every week，much _ is spent on books.Aof which Bin thatCamong which Dof it解析：定语从句补充完整为：much of the money is spent on books，所以用of which来引导这个定语从句。答案：A6.Some advertisements，like the environmental protection advertisement _ to our conscience or our desire to be worthy citizens.Aadapt BattachCappeal Dadjust解析：adapt“适应；改编”；attach“缚，系”；appeal “恳求；呼吁；有感染力；吸引”；adjust“调节，适应”。句意：一些广告，比如环保广告，唤起我们成为受尊敬市民的良知或欲望。由句意可知答案为 C项。答案：C7.We paid _ cash in the hope that we can get 15% _.Awith；account Bin；chargeCby；count Din；discount解析：in cash用现金；by check用支票；account账户；charge费用，收费；count数，计数；discount打折，折扣。句意：我们用现金支付，希望能得到15%的折扣。答案：D8.Countless people in developing countries no longer suffer malnutrition._，poverty remains a problem worldwide.AWhile BNeverthelessCBesides DIn addition解析：while“而，却”，表示两者之间的对比；nevertheless“然而，不过”；besides“此外”；in addition“另外”。句意：无数的发展中国家的人们不再营养不良。然而，贫穷仍是一个存在于全球范围内的问题。由句意可知，只有B项符合题意。答案：B9. A health care project can provide treatment _ half the cost or less，_ the needs of the patient.Aat；relied on Bwith；relying onCat；relying on Dby；relies on解析：at cost“以成本价”；at half the cost“以半价”；rely on 后接了宾语“the needs of the patient”，而句中已有了谓语can provide，所以rely on 必须用非谓语动词的形式；treatment和 rely on之间是主动关系，应用现在分词的形式。答案：C10. Big companies in Germany generally _ the euro，while small manufacturers are nervous；big banks are in favor；small ones are against.Aconsist of Bcomplain ofCapprove of Ddream of解析：consist of组成，构成；complain of抱怨；approve of赞成；dream of梦想。句意：在德国大公司普遍赞同欧元，而小手工业者则很不安；大银行支持，而小银行则反对。根据句意知选C项。答案：C.句子翻译1. 咱们得把好苹果拣出来，同坏的分开。(sort out)_答案：We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.2. 他的各科成绩均佳，尤以英语为好。(above all)_答案：He does well in all his subjects but，above all，in English.3. 你可以指望我帮助你。(rely on)_答案：You can rely on me to help you.4你们要按照他们的方法去做试验。(perform)_答案：You shall perform the experiment the way they do.5. 科研工作要有耐心和奉献精神。(devotion)_答案：Patience and devotion are essential to scientific research work.完形填空Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland.In an interview，she recalled how she became a percussion soloist(打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.“Early on I decided not to allow the _1_ of others to stop me from becoming a musician.I grew up on a farm in northeast Scotland and began _2_ piano lessons when I was eight.The older I got，the more my passion(酷爱) for music grew.But I also began to gradually lose my _3_.Doctors concluded that the nerve damage was the _4_ and by age twelve，I was completely deaf.But my love for music never _5_ me.”“My _6_ was to become a percussion soloist，even though there were none at that time.To perform，I _7_ to hear music differently from others.I play in my stocking feet and can _8_ the pitch of a note(音调高低) by the vibrations(振动) I feel through my body and through my _9_.My entire sound world exists by making use of almost every _10_ that I have.”“I was _11_ to be assessed as a musician，not as a deaf musician，and I applied to the famous Royal Academy of Music in London.No other deaf student had _12_ this before and some teachers _13_ my admission.Based on my performance，I was _14_ admitted and went on to _15_ with the academys highest honors.”“After that，I established myself as the first fulltime solo percussionist.I _16_ and arranged a lot of musical compositions since _17_ had been written specially for solo percussionists.”“I have been a soloist for over ten years._18_ the doctor thought I was totally deaf，it didnt _19_ that my passion couldnt be realized.I would encourage people not to allow themselves to be _20_ by others.Follow your passion；follow your heart.They will lead you to the place you want to go.”1. A.conditions Bopinions Cactions Drecommendations解析：早些时候，她不允许别人有阻止她学习音乐的想法。condition“条件，状况”；opinion“观点，想法”；action“举止，举动”；recommendation“推荐，介绍”。故B项正确。答案：B2. A.enjoying Bchoosing Ctaking Dgiving解析：Evelyn Glennie介绍自己在苏格兰东北部长大，八岁时开始修习钢琴。take lessons为固定短语，意为“修习课程”。enjoy“喜欢”；choose“选择”；give“给予”。故C项正确。答案：C3. A. sight Bhearing Ctouch Dtaste解析：根据下文“by age twelve，I was completely deaf”可知，Evelyn Glennie的听觉逐渐下降。sight“视力”；touch“触觉”；taste“味觉”。故B项正确。答案：B4A.evidence BresultCexcuse Dcause解析：Evelyn Glennie的听觉逐渐下降，医生认为她的听觉逐渐丧失的原因是神经损伤。evidence“证据，证明”；result“结果”；excuse“借口”；cause“原因，起因”。故D项正确。答案：D5A.left BexcitedCaccompanied Ddisappointed解析：虽然Evelyn Glennie成了聋人，但是对音乐的热爱却保留下来。left“保留的”；excited“兴奋的”；accompanied“伴随的”；disappointed“失望的”。故A项正确。答案：A6A.purpose BdecisionCpromise Dgoal解析：Evelyn Glennie的目标就是成为一个打击乐器独奏演员。purpose“目的，意图”；decision“决定”；promise“许诺，承诺”；goal“目标，终点”。故D项正确。答案：D7A.turned BlearnedCused Dought解析：虽然残疾了，但是Evelyn Glennie学会了与别人不同的“听”音乐的方法。turn“转变”；learn“学会”；use“使用”；ought“应该，大概”。故B项正确。答案：B8A.tell BseeChear Dsmell解析：Evelyn Glennie穿着袜子演奏，可以根据震动来辨别声音的高低。tell“分辨”；see“看”；hear“听”；smell“闻”。故A项正确。答案：A9A.carefulness BmovementCimagination Dexperience解析：Evelyn Glennie通过躯体和想象来感受音乐。carefulness“细心”；movement“运动”；imagination“想象”；experience“经历，经验”。故C项正确。答案：C10A.sense BeffortCfeeling Didea解析：Evelyn Glennie整个的声音世界因为充分利用几乎所有的感官而存在。sense“感官，感觉”；effort“努力，努力的成果”；feeling“感觉，感情”；idea“主意，想法”。故A项正确。答案：A11A.dissatisfied BastonishedCdetermined Ddiscouraged解析：Evelyn Glennie决心被评定为音乐家，而不是盲人音乐家。dissatisfied“不满意的”；astonished“吃惊的”；determined“决心，决定”；discouraged“泄气的，沮丧的”。故C项正确。答案：C12A.done BacceptedCadvised Dadmitted解析：Evelyn Glennie申请进入设在伦敦的皇家音乐学院学习。以前，从来没有聋哑学生做这样的事情。do“做”；accept“接受”；advise“建议”；admit“承认”。故A项正确。答案：A13A.supported BfollowedCrequired Dopposed解析：根据下文可以看出，刚开始时有些老师反对我的入学。support“支持”；follow“遵循，遵从”；require“要求，需求”；oppose“反对”。故D项正确。答案：D14A.usually BfinallyCpossibly Dhopefully解析：基于她的表现，最终被录取了。usually“通常”；finally“最后”；possibly“可能”；hopefully“充满希望地”。故B项正确。答案：B15A.study BresearchCgraduate Dprogress解析：后来以学校最高荣誉毕业。study“学习”；research“研究”；graduate“毕业”；progress“进步”。故C项正确。答案：C16A.wrote BtranslatedCcopied Dread解析：后来，Evelyn Glennie成为一位打击乐器独奏演员，写下和整理了许多乐曲。由上下文可知，A项符合文意。答案：A17A.enough BsomeCmany Dfew解析：Evelyn Glennie写作整理乐曲，是因为很少有专为打击乐器独奏演员写作的乐曲。答案：D18A.However BAlthoughCWhen DSince解析：Evelyn Glennie谈到自己成为打击乐独奏演员已经十多年了。尽管医生认为我已经全聋了，但是这并不意味着我的热情会消失。状语从句与主句为让步关系，故B项正确。答案：B19A.mean BseemCconclude Dsay解析：mean “意味着”；seem “好像”；conclude “包括”；say “说”。由上下文可知，A项符合文意。答案：A20A.directed BguidedCtaught Dlimited解析：Evelyn Glennie鼓励人们不要受到别人的限制。direct“指导，指点”；guide“引导，向导”；teach“教授”；limit“限制”。故A项正确。答案：D.阅读理解Many students have to eat their breakfasts on the way to school or have dinner in the cafeteria(学校食堂)But some of them dont really know how to eat well when eating out.There are several important tips.The first is to try not to eat fast food as much as you can.The most obvious harm of eating too much fast food is weight gaining.Teens as well as adults are at risk of diseases related to weight.Too much fast food can drag your body down in