新视野大学英语2第三至五单元单词详解.doc

第三单元V. Detailed Study of the Text Words and Phrases Study1. charactern. 1) C qualities that make sb. a particular type of person 性格，个性What does her handwriting tell you about her character? 根据她写的字，你觉得她有什么样的性格？I choose my friends for their good characters. 我择友的标准是品格一定要好。 2) C qualities that make sth. what it is and different from others 特点，特征The whole character of the village has changed since I was last here. 自我上次来这里之后，这个村子的面貌完全变了。The idea was to rebuild the house without changing its basic character. 计划是将那幢房子按原貌加以改建。2. compromisen.C, U an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first 妥协；折中She found that compromise was always the best way when she quarreled with her mother. 她发现，与母亲争吵时让步总是最好的解决方法。It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in todays talk. 希望今天的会谈能达成妥协。v.reach an agreement by making a compromise 妥协；折中The workers are going to strike for their welfare if the employers are not ready to compromise. 雇主们要是不妥协，工人们就将为争取自己的福利而罢工。Well, you want $400 and I say $300, so lets compromise at $350. 好吧，既然你开价400美元而我还价300美元，那我们就来个折衷价350美元。3. involveda.taking part in an activity or event; connected with sth. 参与的；有关的He became involved in a dispute. 他卷入了一场争论中。We want all those who are interested to get involved. 我们想让所有感兴趣的人参与其中。4. subtle a. not easy to notice or understand 微妙的，细微的These two expressions only have a subtle difference in meaning. 这两个表达在语意上的差别很细微。Her whole attitude had had a subtle change. 她的整个态度发生了微妙的变化。 5. hatred n. U a strong feeling of dislike for sb. or sth. 痛恨，憎恨The reason for this shocking attack seemed to be racial hatred. 看来是种族仇恨引发了这起骇人听闻的袭击。He looked at me with hatred. 他用憎恨的目光看着我。6. illusionn.C a false idea, belief or impression 幻觉；错觉 I have no illusions about my ability. 我知道自己能力有限。Were left with few illusions about our partners. 我们对自己的同伴已不存在什么幻想。7. mutuala. 1) felt or done in the same way by two or more people toward each other 相互的 The plan was ended by mutual agreement. 双方均同意终止这项计划。Their working well together was based on mutual respect, trust, and understanding. 他们的合作是建立在互相尊重、信任和理解基础上的。 2) shared by two or more people 共同的；共有的Lynn and Phil met through a mutual friend. 林恩和菲尔是通过共同的朋友相识的。8. compatiblea.1) (of people) able to have a good relationship because of similar opinions or interests 合得来的；情投意合的The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因合不来而分手了。Make sure youre compatible with him before you start sharing a house. 在你们合住之前你先要确定是否能和他和睦相处。 2) (of equipment) able to be used together 兼容的；配套的The computer program isnt compatible with this operating system. 计算机程序与这套操作系统不兼容。9. overlookvt. 1) not notice sth. 没注意到；忽略He overlooked a spelling mistake on the first page. 他没有注意到第一页上的一处拼写错误。I overlooked this problem and have to deal with it now. 我之前忽视了这个问题，现在必须要着手解决它。2) have a view of a place from above 俯视；眺望 Her bedroom has large windows overlooking a lake. 她卧室的几扇大窗户正对着湖面。The beach house had a balcony that overlooked the sea. 从那幢海边别墅的阳台能眺望大海。10. expectation n. C, U the belief that sth. will happen 期待；预料 Theres no expectation of snow tonight. 今晚不会下雪。Considering the problems hes had, there can be little expectation of his winning the match. 考虑到他最近所遇到的问题，他在这场比赛中获胜是没有指望了。 11. painfula. causing pain 痛苦的It was so painful to see how weak she had become in just a few months. 几个月工夫她就变得如此虚弱，看了真让人心痛。She remembered with painful clarity when shed first met Mac. 她清晰地记得是什么时候第一次遇见了马克，心中感觉痛楚。12. divorcen. C, U the legal ending of a marriage 离婚 ask for a divorce 提出离婚 She got a divorce after years of unhappiness. 过了多年不愉快的生活后她终于获准离婚了。v. end a marriage lawfully 离婚It was such a shame when Martha and Jamie divorced. 玛莎和杰米离婚了，真是可惜！ The judge divorced Mr. and Mrs. Jones. 法官判琼斯夫妇离婚。13. budvi. produce buds 发芽，萌芽 The trees are budding early this year. 今年树木发芽早。The unusually cold winter has caused many plants to bud late this year. 异常寒冷的冬天使今年许多植物都推迟了发芽。n. C a part of a plant that will open to form a leaf or flower 芽；花蕾 The trees all around are covered in buds. 周围的树都发芽了。Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May. 狂风会吹落五月的娇花嫩瓣。 14. buddinga. just beginning 刚开始的These two companies just have a budding relationship. 两公司之间的刚开始建立联系。He was so sure of his plan that he overlooked the budding problem. 他对自己的计划充满了自信，结果忽视了正在萌发的问题。15. resistancen.1) sing., U refusal to accept sth. 抵制；反对 The idea met with some resistance. 那个意见遭到了一些反对。Theres a lot of resistance to the idea of a united Europe. 对欧洲统一的想法存在许多反对意见。2) sing., U the use of force to act against sb. or sth. 抵抗；对抗 They put up a passive resistance. 他们进行着消极的抵抗。A good diet helps the body to build up resistance to disease. 良好的日常饮食可增强身体的抗病能力。16. supportivea. helpful or encouraging 支持的；支援的We often hear from the villagers that their families are supportive of their efforts. 我们常常听村民们说他们的家人十分支持他们的努力。The banks had been immensely supportive in helping save the company. 几家银行对救助这家公司十分支持。17. granda.1) (used in compounds) 表示”亲戚关系.隔一代的” grandchildren (外) 孙子 (女) grandparents (外) 祖父母 2) splendid in appearance or style; impressive 壮丽的；宏伟的 A grand building marking the successful completion of the project adds to the attraction of the place. 纪念这个工程圆满完成的宏伟建筑物使这地方更具魅力。The mansion was more than luxurious; it was grand. 那座大厦不仅仅是奢华，而是壮丽宏伟。18. counselvt. give sb. advice 劝告；忠告 He counseled them to give up the plan. 他劝他们放弃这个计划。The school is now providing a service to counsel students with drug problems. 学校向有吸毒问题的学生提供咨询服务。 19. subsequently ad. after an event in the past 后来；接着They subsequently heard he had left the country. 他们后来听说他已离开了那个国家。The old school was bought and subsequently turned into a private house.这所旧学校被买下来并随后改建成了私人住宅。20. harbor (BrE harbour) vt. keep sth. in ones mind for a long time 心怀；怀有Tiffanys been harboring spite against our boss ever since her transfer was refused. 自从蒂芬妮的调职被拒绝后，她对我们的老板一直怀恨在心。Im certainly not harboring a secret liking for the man, if thats what you are thinking. 如果你这样想的话，我告诉你我并没有暗恋那个男人。n. C a place of shelter for ships 港，港口Some of the best natural harbors in the world are there. 那里有几个世界上最好的天然港。21. reservationn. 1) C, U a feeling of doubt about whether sth. is good or right 存疑；保留 I support this measure without reservation. 我全力支持这项措施。 She had some reservation about her new job. 她对新工作心存疑虑。 2) C an order of a room, seat, etc. in advance 预订We made a reservation for dinner at the restaurant. 我们在这家饭店预定了晚餐。I plan to leave on August 4, and have made my flight reservation for that date. 我打算8月4日离开，并已预订那天的机票。22. prejudicen. C an opinion or dislike of sb. or sth. that is not based on reason 偏见；成见 She has a prejudice against modern music. 她对现代音乐怀有偏见。Many female college graduates are held back from some job opportunities by prejudice. 许多女大学毕业生都由于歧视而失去了一些工作机会。23 charmvt. attract sb. 迷人；使陶醉Hes a very effective boss; he in some way charms you into doing what he wants. 他是个非常能干的老板，总有办法能让你去做他所希望的事。I was charmed by this gentleman when he stood up gracefully and came to me for a dance. 当这位绅士优雅地站起来并走过来邀我跳舞时，我被他深深地吸引了。n. U the quality of pleasing or attracting people 魅力；吸引力She was a woman of great charm and she knew how to use it. 她是个很有魅力的女人，而且她知道怎样利用这种魅力。24. charminga. very pleasing or attractive 迷人的；有魅力的The old woman lived in a charming house near the beach. 那位老妇人住在海边一幢漂亮的房子里。He nodded to me with a charming smile. 他带着迷人的微笑朝我点了点头。25. indicationn.C, U a sign that shows sth. 迹象 There are indications that the situation may be improving. 有迹象表明，形势可能会好转。There is every indication of a change in the weather. 种种迹象都表明天气会变化。26. confirmvt. prove that sth. is true 证实；证明；确定The announcements confirmed that the election would take place on June 20. 公告证实选举将于6月20日举行。Everything you have just said confirms the view that nobody can be trusted. 你刚才所说的一切证实了一个观点：谁都不能信任。v. make a plan, meeting, etc. certain, esp. by telephone or writing 确认Id like to confirm a reservation for a double room on the first of July. 我预订了7月1日一间双人房，想确认一下。27. suspectvt. think that sth. is probably true 怀疑Most people dont, I suspect, realize this. 我怀疑大部分人没有意识到这一点。He couldnt have suspected that she was lying to him. 他根本不会想到她对他说的都是谎言。n.C sb. who is thought to be guilty of a crime 嫌疑犯The police have caught two suspects in connection with the bank robbery. 警方逮捕了两名涉嫌银行抢劫案的嫌疑犯。Last week police finally had a suspect for the murder. 上星期警方终于查出那起谋杀案的一名嫌疑犯。 28. harsha. 1) cruel 严厉的；苛刻的 His behavior met harsh criticism from his family. 他的行为遭到了家人的严厉批评。That is a very harsh punishment to give to a young child. 那样惩罚一个幼儿很残忍。2) unpleasantly loud and rough 刺耳的The noise is too harsh to the ear. 那种噪声十分刺耳。I cannot imagine how she became a broadcaster with her harsh voice. 她的声音那么刺耳，真难想象她是怎么当上播音员的。29. hesitatevi.be slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or unwilling 犹豫；踌躇；迟疑 He hesitated before he spoke, as if he wasnt sure how his words would be received. 他在开口前犹豫了一会，好像不确定人们对他的话会有什么样的反应。He who hesitates is lost. 当断不断，必受其患。30. cancelvt. say that sth. already planned will not happen 取消The match had to be canceled because of bad weather. 因为天气不好比赛只好取消。British Airways is canceling flights to Poland. 英国航空公司取消了飞往波兰的航班。31. proceedvi. go to a further or the next stage; go on 继续进行Having said how much she liked it, she then proceeded to make critical comments about the way Id done it. 她说她很喜欢我做的这件事，可接着就批评起我做这件事的方式来。Lets proceed to the next question. 现在讨论下一个问题。32. quotev. repeat the words that sb. else has said or written 引用；引述She worked, to quote her daughter, “as if there was no tomorrow”. 用她女儿的话讲，她工作起来”好像没有明天似的”。Hes always quoting from the Bible. 他总是引用圣经里的话。n. C words taken from a book, play, speech, etc. 引语，引文She finished her speech with a quote from Shakespeare. 她引用莎士比亚作品的一句话来结束自己的演说。33. racistn.C sb. who believes that some races are not as good as others and, therefore, treats them unfairly 种族主义者Racists like those of the KKK spread their theories of racial superiority. 诸如三K党之流的种族主义者四处传播他们的种族优越论。He is a racist who refuses to employ blacks. 他是种族主义者，拒绝雇佣黑人。34. realistica. based on facts; practical 实际的；现实的Be realistic, you cant expect a big wage at 18. 要现实些，你不能指望18岁就能拿到高薪。You have to be realistic about how long the job is going to take. 对这项工作要花多长时间你必须现实一些。35. devotionn.U great love or loyalty 挚爱；热爱；忠诚His devotion to work is exemplary. 他对工作的热爱堪作楷模。The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying. 如果花太多时间在体育活动上，那么学习的时间就不多了。36. idealistica.believing in sth. firmly which is unlikely to come true 理想主义的；理想化的You mustnt be too idealistic about what might happen in future. 对将来会发生什么你一定不能太理想化。37. resolvevt.1) solve a problem or difficulty 解决；解除We need to resolve this difference quickly. 我们需要很快解决这场争端。The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along. 这对夫妻解决了他们的矛盾，努力和睦相处。 2) make a definite decision to do sth. 决定；决心The company resolved to take further action against thieves. 公司决定采取进一步的防盗措施。She resolved that she would never speak to him again. 她打定主意再也不同他讲话了。38. ups and downs: the mixture of good and bad experiences 盛衰；沉浮He stuck by her through all lifes ups and downs. 他始终不渝地陪伴她历尽了人生的荣辱浮沉。Like most married couples weve had our ups and downs, but life is like that. 像大多数夫妇一样，我们也经历过波折起伏。可生活就是那样的。39. work out: be successful or end in a certain way 成功；产生结果 Things worked out quiet well. 事情的结局相当不错。 Is your new roommate working out OK? 你的新室友与你合得来吗？40. for a time: for a short period; temporarily 暂时；一度Youll have your own office soon but for a time youll have to share one. 不久你会有自己的办公室，不过你暂时还得与别人合用。 For a time, we all thought that Sherry and Frank would get married. 有一段时间，我们都以为雪莉和弗兰克会结婚。41. meet with: experience sth. by chance 遭遇；遇到She met with much kindness. 她得到许多好心的帮助。Theyd never met with such poor service before. 他们以前从未遇到过这么糟糕的服务。42. all along: all the time 始终 I realized I had had it in my pocket all along. 我发现它一直就在我衣袋里。 She was kind to me all along. 她一直对我很好。43. have nothing to do with: have no connection with 与.无关In the evening he likes to read books which have nothing to do with his work. 晚上他喜欢看一些与工作无关的书籍。 Hes a thief and a liar; Id have nothing to do with him, if I were you. 他又偷东西又撒谎，我要是你，我才不跟他来往呢。 44. on the surface: when not observed, thought about, etc. deeply 表面上；外表上The plan seems on the surface to be quite practical. 表面看来这个计划很切实可行。On the surface, this seems like a difficult problem, but in fact theres an easy solution to it. 表面看来，这问题似乎很难，但实际上答案很简单。45. at ones worst: in ones worst state 最差的时候；最糟糕的时候Im at my worst in the morning. 我早晨的时候感觉最不好。This problem over delayed payment has shown him at his worst. 在拖延付款的问题上显示出他为人最糟糕的一面。46. learn of: come to know 获悉；听说Im sorry to learn of your illness. 得知你生病，我甚为难过。 We were shocked when we learned of his sudden death. 听到他突然去世的消息我们感到非常震惊。47. take care of: be responsible for; deal with 负责；处理 Her secretary took care of all her appointments. 她的约会都由她的秘书负责安排。All the travel plans have been taken care of. 所有旅行安排都处理好了。48. proceed to do sth.: do sth. next; go on to do sth. 接着做某事 After the boy finished with his own story, he proceed to ask me to tell him mine.那个男孩儿讲完自己的故事后又让我告诉他我的故事。She had washed the clothes, and then, she proceeded to do the dishes. 她洗碗了衣服，接着又继续洗碗了。Language Points1. . we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other. (Para. 1) Meaning: . like any other couples who were learning to know, understand, and respect each other, we had had both happy and unhappy times. 2. But through it all we had honestly confronted the weaknesses and strengths of each others characters. (Para. 1) Meaning: But in experiencing all the ups and downs we had honestly faced and tried to deal with the weak points and strong points of each others characters. Weaknesses and strengths: weak points and strong pointsthe weaknesses and strengths of her theory她的理论的不足和长处Its important to know your own weaknesses and strengths.了解自己的缺点和优点很重要 。3. Our racial and cultural differences enhanced our relationship and taught us a great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being open with each other. (Para. 2) Meaning: Our racial and cultural differences helped to better our relationship and taught us a great deal about how one recognizes and respects the beliefs or practices of the other, how to settle differences between us by giving up certain demands, and being honest with each other. tolerance: n. 1) The capacity for or the practice of recognizing and respecting the beliefs or practices of others.容忍，宽容Tolerance between the races of the world is a must.全世界各种族间互谅互让是必不可少的。2）The capacity to endure hardship or pain忍耐力My tolerance of noise is limited.我对噪音的忍耐力是有限的。扩展 tolerable a. 可容忍的，可宽恕的：a tolerable pain可以忍受的痛苦； tolerant a. 忍受的，宽容的：a tolerant father 宽容的父亲； tolerate v. 忍受，宽恕，容忍open：a. willing to talk honestly; frankLets be open with each other. 让我们彼此开诚布公吧。He is a very frank and open person. 他是个很坦诚的人。4. Gail sometimes wondered why I and other blacks were so involved with the racial issue. (Para. 2) Meaning: Gail sometimes did not understand why I and other blacks gave so much time, energy and attention to the racial issue.Here “involved” means taking part in something or giving a lot of time, energy or attention to something.5.she seemed to forget the subtler forms of racial hatred in American society. (Para. 2) Meaning: . she seemed to forget the forms of American racial hatred that are not so obvious. 6. Gail and I had no illusions about what the future held for us as a married, mixed couple in America. (Para. 3)Meaning: Gail and I did not have unrealistic ideas about what the future would offer us in America as a married couple, one being black and the other being white. 7. they overlooked serious personality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an automatic way to make everything work out right. (Para. 4)Meaning: . they ignored serious personality conflicts. They hoped that everything would go right automatically when they lived their married life. 8. That point was emphasized by the fact that Gails parents, after thirty-five years of marriage, were going through a bitter and painful divorce. (Para. 4) Meaning: That point was made particularly true when Gails parents, after thirty-five years of marriage, were experiencing a bitter and painful divorce. go through: experienceThe country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。We went through difficulties while working on this project. 实施这个项目时，我们遇到了许多困难。9. . for a time had a negative effect on our budding relationship. (Para. 4) Meaning: . for some time her parents divorce had a bad effect on our relationship that had just begun to develop. 10. When Gail spread the news of our wedding plans to her family she met with some resistance. (Para. 5) Meaning: When Gail told her family of our wedding plans, her family expressed their opposition. 11. Her mother, Deborah, all along had been supportive of our relationship. (Para. 5) Meaning: Her mother, Deborah, had been supporting our relationship from the beginning. 12. Instead of congratulations upon hearing our news, Deborah counseled Gail to be really sure she was doing the right thing. (Para. 5) Meaning: When Deborah heard our plans, she did not express her congratulations, but advised Gail to be really sure that she did want to marry me. 13. Gail subsequently told me she had asked her mother. (Para. 6) Notice that thi