中西方礼仪差异 201061.doc

河北师范大学 成人教育本科学员毕业论文（设计）题目：中西方礼仪差异作者：韩素红学院：外国语学院英语系 专业：英语教育 年级：2008级完成日期： 2010 年 4 月 11 日A Comparison Between Chinese Etiquette and the Western EtiquetteBYHan SuhongProf. Ma Yun, Supervisor A Thesis Submitted to Department of English of Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A in EnglishAt Hebei Normal UniversityHebei ProvinceApril 11st, 2010摘 要由于各国的历史和文化底蕴不同，各国人民在进行礼尚交往时的习惯也有不少差异。特别是中西方之间，礼仪上的差异很大，因为不了解这些差异而引起的误会和笑话也不少见。由此可见了解中西方交往的习惯差异是很有必要的。往大处来说，一个国家无论是在政治上，还是在经济贸易中，了解对方国家的礼仪习惯，将有利于各国之间的交往。从小处来说，一个人了解对方的礼仪和民间习惯，是对对方的尊重且容易给对方留下好印象，以便交往的顺利进行。随着中西方文化的不断发展，中西方的礼仪正在相互融合，西方人逐渐接受了中国文化中重情感等合理因素，中国人也逐渐接受了西方文化中先进文明的礼仪和交往方式。但在现实生活中，由于中西方文化的差异对礼仪产生的影响还很多，为此本文探讨研究了中西方礼仪的差异，使中西方人们之间的交往更加容易。关键词: 礼仪；差异；中国的礼仪；AbstractSince different countries have different histories and cultures, there are a lot of differences in the habit of conducts and the ceremony, especially between China and the West, the jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding is not unusual. This shows that the understanding of the different etiquettes between Chinese and the Westerners is absolutely necessary. In the office, to understand each others customer will be conductive to the exchanges between the countries. A person who understands others rituals and folk customs can be seen as respecting for others and can be easier to make a good impression on the other side. Along with the constant development of Chinese culture and the Western culture, Chinese ritual and the Western ritual are fusions. The Westerners have accepted the reasonable factors in Chinese culture and other important feelings. Chinese people have gradually accepted the advanced civilization of the Western culture and etiquette style. However, in real life, the etiquettes impact due to cultural differences between China and the West still exists. The paper explores the differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette to make Chinese communicate with the Westerners more easily.Key Words: Etiquette; comparison; Chinese etiquette; the Western etiquetteTable of ContentsIntroduction.1. The Important Role of Etiquette and the Value of the Study 1A. The Concept of Etiquette and the Reasons .2B. The Value of the Study 3. The Difference Between Chinese Etiquette and the Western Etiquette.4A. The Origins5B. A Comparison of Chinese Etiquette Education and the Western Etiquette Education.6 1. Etiquette Education in the Western Countries .7 2. Etiquette Education in China .10. The Common Wealth.13A. An Important Symbol of Human Civilization.14B. The Immortal Essence of the Western Civilization.14C. The Integration between Chinese and the Western Ethics.14Conclusion. . 15Bibliography.1618 Introduction Etiquette is the process and means to show respect to each other in interpersonal relationship by certain, common procedures. The Etiquette can be said to be a persons external appearance of inward cultivation and quality. Firstly, it can help people raise their self-cultivation. Secondly, it will promote social interaction and improve peoples interpersonal relationship. It also can purify the society. Since different countries have different historical and cultural backgrounds. There are a lot of differences in the ceremony, especially between China and the West. The understanding of the differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette are absolutely necessary. The paper explores the differences of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. In modern society, it seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller, people are very active with frequent exchanges. Many countries are paying great attention to combine international etiquette with national etiquette creatively. Etiquette is the common wealth of Chinese civilization and the Western civilization. The Important Role of Etiquette and the Value of the Study of Chinese Etiquette and the Western Etiquette Etiquette is an important part of human life. It has many functions. So it plays an important role in human society.A. The Concept of Etiquette and the Reasons for Studying Etiquette Etiquette is the process and means to show respect to each other in interpersonal relationship by certain, common procedures. Etiquette can be said to be a persons external appearance of inward cultivation and quality. From the aspect of communication, interpersonal etiquette can be regarded as a kind of art, a method of communication. It is a common respect for person and a friendly practice in interpersonal relationships. From the respect of transmitting, interpersonal rituals can be roughly divided into chief etiquette, business etiquette, service etiquette, social etiquette, foreign etiquette and several other major branches. Firstly, it can help people to raise their self-cultivation. Secondly, it will promote social interaction and improve peoples interpersonal relationship. It also can purify the ethos of society. From the point of view of collectivity, etiquette can create the image, improve the customs ultimately and achieve the purpose of enhancing the economy and social benefits. Etiquette, which is an important part of the companys culture and the entrepreneurs spirit, is a major attachment of groups image. Almost all international enterprises have a high standard of etiquette and regard etiquette as an important part of groups culture. At the same time, it also can be regarded as the important software to obtain international fame. Therefore, studying etiquette is the trend of the times and the actual need of enhancing the competition.B. The Value of the Study of the Western Etiquette and Chinese Etiquette Since different countries have different histories and cultures, there are a lot of differences in the habit of conduct and the ceremony, especially between China and the West, the jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding is not unusual. In modern history, there are two stories concerning the misunderstanding of different etiquettes. The first one is about Li Hongzhang who was invited by Bismarck to a diner. Due to a lack of the Western etiquette knowledge, he drank the water which was used to wash hands after eating the fruit. Then Bismarck did not understand Chinese customer, in order not to make Li Hongzhang lose his face, he drank the water too. Other officers also followed him and refrained from laughing. Here is another story: a KMT officer and his wife went to the airport to meet a consultant from the United States. After the meeting, the consultant said “Your wife is really beautiful!” The officer felt embarrassed and replied : “哪里，哪里！” It is just a polite way which is very common in China for the kind of the words he addressed. But the clumsy interpreter translated : “哪里，哪里！” like “where, where?” American consultant couldnt understand, he thought “I just praised his wife, and why he asked me where his wife is beautiful”. Then, he said: “she is beautiful from head to toe.” These two jokes are due to the lack of etiquette knowledge about the differences between China and the West. This shows that the understanding of the differences of the Western etiquettes and Chinese etiquettes are absolutely necessary. To the officers, to understand each others customs will be conductive to the exchanges between the different countries. A person who understands others rituals and folk customs can be seen as respecting for others and can be easier to make a good impression on the other side. Along with the constant development of Chinese and the Western cultures, Chinese ritual and the Western ritual are fusions. The Westerners have accepted the reasonable factors in Chinese culture and other important feelings. At the same time Chinese people have gradually accepted the advanced civilization of the Western culture and etiquette style. However, in real life, the impact on etiquette due to cultural differences between China and the West still exists. So the study of the Western etiquette and Chinese etiquette is very valuable and reasonable. . The Difference Between Chinese Etiquette and the Western EtiquetteThere are three main differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. The first one is different origins of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. In China, etiquette is equal to courtesy and ceremony. In the West, the word etiquette used to mean “keep off the grass”. The second one is the differences of cultural backgrounds. The third one is the differences of educations.A. The Origins of Chinese Etiquette and the Western Etiquette Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette have different origins.1. The Origin of Chinese Etiquette In China, etiquette is equal to courtesy and ceremony. The essence of etiquette is the method of dealing with people and the belief in ghosts and spirits. People consider that all things are controlled by the ghosts which can not be seen. Therefore, the etiquette is originated from the belief in ghosts and spirits, as well as a special form of belief in ghosts and spirits. China is a state of ceremonies. Back to five thousand years ago, etiquette used to be the core of traditional culture. Up to now, the etiquette has been really reformed. Thus it becomes rituals of modern civilization. Chinese etiquette in Chinese culture plays a “quasi-legal” role. Etiquettes origins can be traced back to the early time of human beings. It should be said that at the very beginning of the history of the Chinese nation, etiquette was generated along with the human activities and with a primitive religion. Etiquette is the system to deal with the three relationships among the people, God and the ghosts. It is said that there were “five ceremonies” in ancient China. In fact etiquette can be divided into two main parts, one is politics, and the other is life. Chinese legal system was bred during the establishment and implementation of the protocol. The essence of etiquette is the way how to deal with people and the belief in ghosts and spirits. 2. The Origin of the Western EtiquetteIn the Western countries, the word etiquette used to mean “keep off the grass”. Louis XIVs gardener noticed that the aristocrats were walking through his gardens and then he put up signs (etiquette) to warn them off. The dukes and duchesses walked right past these signs. Due to this blatant disregard, the king of Versailles decreed that no individual was to go beyond the bounds of the etiquettes. The meaning of etiquette would later include the ticket to court functions that lists the instructions on which a person would stand and what was to be done. Etiquette, like language, has evolved, but it still means literally “keep off the grass”. Until the 1960s, the importance of good manners was taught without question, but with the liberated 70s, it came a decline in the popularity of teaching proper etiquette. In 2004, a new emphasis has been placed on returning to traditional values. Proper etiquette and protocol have given children and adults a vital tool that provides not only a competitive edge, but a sense of confidence.B. A Comparison of Chinese Etiquette Education and the Western Etiquette EducationEtiquette is the common wealth of the Western civilization and Chinese civilization. Etiquette education is an important part of citizenship education. Deeply analyzing the content, the method and the status of Chinese etiquette education and the Western countries etiquette education, enhance the quintessence of world civilization and the civic quality. Education has important practical and theoretic significance.1. Etiquette Education in the Western CountriesEtiquette education in the Western countries is the combination of etiquette education and civic moral education; etiquette education in the Western countries is the combination of etiquette education and moral education of school ceremonies.(1)The Combination of Etiquette Education and Civic Moral EducationThe concept of the Western word “citizen” originated in the ancient Greek political life of city-states. The concept of Citizens not showed only the persons position and status, but they are also called “noble person” and “a moral person”. In the thirteenth to the fourteenth century, the independent and self-governing campaign of European cities promoted the development of cities. Under the control of “Charter of cities”, a general sense of “civic” has been made in the development of civic virtue. With the raise of modern Western society and the establishment of the social contract theory, members of society changed from the natural person to citizenship. The requirement of civil rights came out. Focusing on protecting individual rights and the pursuit of the public interest, it has created a variety of moral behavior. These really relied immediately on the strength of the system and derived from the social relations of civil society. At that time, person respects for others and treating others well were generally good. The Western etiquette came into being in that case. It can be traced back to the twentieth century. It also can be traced back to Moors of Spain. At that time, a new upper-class society was mainly formed by the Royal, the nobility and clergy. There was a new social norm to follow. It gradually became palace etiquette in the middle Ages and the Renaissance. It affected the whole Western Europe. Their description and recommendations of etiquette were speared from Europe to America. Many had become General Clauses of international etiquette. It is generally believed in the West that slightly tedious ritual can avoid the negligence of behaviors. The common sense of etiquette determines largely whether people can exchange happily or not, so they pay a special attention to cultivating citizens to abide by the rules of courtesy. “Not to use foul language, not to interrupt someone else who is speaking, not to crowd, not to steal, not to lie”and so on “obey habit, obey established rules, obey all the appearance and the standardization of the wordobey all the rules of the world”. It is the source of morality. That elegant demeanor led to good behaviors. Morality is a sort of courtesy, a self-etiquette and a courtesy of an inner world. We have a responsibility to obey the regulation. It is one of the most important ceremonies. Conversely, courtesy is the moral of a body, an ethical behavior and regulations of a social life. It is just superficial virtues. The etiquette can make the virtue more lovable. (2)The Combination of Etiquette Education and Moral Education of School CeremoniesIt can be found in moral education of the Western countries that etiquette is the major subject of moral education. On the moral lesson in many countries, people often teach students the etiquette knowledge in direct way. This is not a boring sermon. It uses lively and diverse forms, with the characteristics of youth, living with the practical teaching, paying attention to the cultivation of the ability of students to observe and analyze ethical issues and understand others, to benefit the people to be responsible for the moral values and make sense of responsibility to society option of a Comprehensive Penetration for Etiquette EducationThe Western countries pay attention to comprehensive permeability of moral education, rather than forcefully indoctrinate. Etiquette education is not accepted. They are generally not allowed to insist on instilling certain values. They think the values of education can not be limited to a few hours teaching in a day, but they pay attention to diversifying the form of moral education in schools. For example, education in the United States in schools is affected by the pragmatism, emphasizing schools as a society and paying attention to the practical problems the students faced. They targeted to solve the problem through organizing a variety of activities and offering courses. They pay attention to improving students ability, making they focus on the moral and training them. They urge students to take part in social activities actively. They also pay attention to solving practical problems in the moral education, focusing on the theory of moral education and applying the theory in practice. It has made the practice and etiquette education both be supported by theoretic. It has made the practice activity more colorful. The religions and moral education in the West are extremely characteristic and more typical. Some important states education laws require all schools to practice religious courses in religious activities, especially in Britain. During the implementation of religious education in school activities, they pay more attention to some basic、and common religious knowledge. There are many kinds of religious ceremonies education to let them know their relationship with life、nature and society, to enable students to understand the concept of traditional social values of religious rituals. 2. Etiquette Education in China Etiquette education in China is deeply influenced by cultural and moral decency in the prominent position; etiquette education in China emphasizes the moral law of etiquette education and the integration of practice; etiquette education in China shows characteristics of a strong state intervention.(1)Deeply influenced by cultural, moral decency in the prominent positionChina was deeply affected by the Confucian cul