母婴项目词汇.doc

产前检查：prenatal examination 筛选测验：screening tests 普查普治：mass screening and mass treatment Passive immunity 被动免疫You application is under screening. 你的申请正在筛查中。Easy delivery/ normal labour顺产 Difficult delivery 难产 caesarean sizerin section剖宫产：be in hospital 住院 be hospitalized 住院治疗 an inpatient procedure 住院过程An inpatient procedure; an inpatient facility. 住院过程；住院设备long-stay patients 长期住院病人 You must be hospitalized right now. 你必须立即住院。He ought to he isolated hospitalized. 他应当隔离住院。 Go ahead and admit him. 赶紧收他住院。gravida rvid /pregnant woman孕妇You must hospitalize. 你一定得住院。 Do I need to be hospitalized? 我需要住院吗？Mother had to go to hospital for her operation. 母亲不得不住院动手术。 hospitalization 医院收容,住院治疗 hospitalize 送住院; 使留医He broke a leg and was hospitalized for a month. 他跌断了一条腿, 要留医一个月。hospitality .殷勤, 好客；(提供给客人的)食宿招待I received the hospitality of the family.我受到这家人亲切的款待。Thank you for your kind hospitality. 谢谢你的盛情款待。Parental care 亲代养育 Parturition 分娩（的过程）painless childbirth; painless labour 无痛分娩the throes of childbirth 分娩的阵痛The physical efforts of childbirth 分娩生孩子时身体的努力While the culture of son preference and socio-economic development are the root cause, declining fertility reinforces the practice of sex selection through using techniques for sex identification and abortion. 死胎 stillbirth feotus, fetal death, dead fetus/foetus fi:ts(胎儿) 死产 neonatal mortality 缝合 stitch 早产 premature birthThe mother has given birth to a premature baby. 那位母亲早产。The premature baby is doing well. 那个早产的婴儿很健康。新生儿畸形（先天畸形）congenital kndntl malformationsPregnant and prenatal care should be improved, and hospitalized delivery and breast-feeding encouraged. 加强孕期保健，提倡住院分娩和母乳喂养。Pregnancy and delivery 孕产期 Birth control 节育避孕avoid pregnancy; contraception（避孕（法），节育（法） medical contraception 药物避孕 instrumental contraception 器具避孕She is on the pill. 她按时服用避孕药丸。The effective rates of contraceptives were calculated with Dixon method. 按 Dixon法推算避孕有效率。Contraceptive devices and sexual aids 避孕用具及性生活辅助用具Article 19 Contraception shall play a main role in family planning. 第十九条实行计划生育，以避孕为主。 Barefoot doctor赤脚医生 保健员health-care assistant; health workerThe pill is one method of birth-control. 服用避孕丸是一种避孕措施。This agreement is done in duplicate. 本协议书一式两份。in duplicate ; with a duplicate copy一式两份（完全一样的；二重的）in triplicate trplket一式三份 in quadruplicate kwdru:plikit 一式四份Teen（age） pregnancy is defined as a teenaged or underaged girl (usually within the ages of 1319) becoming pregnant. The term in everyday speech usually refers to women who have not reached legal adulthood, which varies across the world, who become pregnant.产褥热childbed (puerperal) fever（分娩后子宫复旧恢复到非孕状态，这种生理变化约需42天才能完成，这段时间称为产褥期。自胎盘娩出后，产妇便进入了产褥期。 产褥热是由于产后致病菌侵人生殖器官而引起的疾病，医学上叫产褥感染，是产妇在产褥期易患的比较严重的疾病。引起产褥感染的主要病原菌为葡萄球菌，链球菌，大肠杆菌，肺炎双球菌等。）fetal fi:tl heart rate胎心（心率） caesarean section 剖腹产 Caesar si:z 凯撒placenta plsent separation 胎盘剥离新法接生就是按照临产的规律，用科学的方法消毒接生。它要求产包、接生者的手、产妇的外阴部和婴儿的脐带四消毒。它要求做到四严、五防、三不准。四严是：严密观察产程、严格执行无菌操作、严格掌握阴道检查指征、严防乱用催产素。五防是：防滞产、防感染、防产伤、防出血、防窒息。三不准是：不准发生新生儿破伤风、不准发生会阴度裂伤、不准发生产褥感染。高危妊娠 一、定义本次妊娠对孕产妇及胎婴儿有较高危险性，可能导致难产及或危及母婴者，称高危妊娠。具有高危妊娠因素的孕妇，称为高危孕妇。二、高危妊娠的范畴具有下列情况之一者属高危妊娠：（一）年龄18岁或35岁；（二）有异常孕产史者，如流产、早产、死胎、死产、各种难产及手术产、新生儿死亡、新生儿溶血性黄疸、先天缺陷或遗传性疾病；（三）孕期出血，如前置胎盘、胎盘早剥；（四）妊娠高血压综合征；（五）妊娠合并内科疾病，如心脏病、肾炎、病毒性肝炎、重度贫血、病毒感染（巨细胞病毒、疱疹病毒、风疹病毒）等；（六）妊娠期接触有害物质，如放射线、同位素、农药、化学毒物、CO中毒及服用对胎儿有害药物；（七）母儿血型不合；（八）早产或过期妊娠；（九）胎盘及脐带异常；（十）胎位异常；（十一）产道异常（包括骨产道及软产道）；（十二）多胎妊娠；（十三）羊水过多、过少；（十四）多年不育经治疗受孕者；（十五）曾患或现有生殖器官肿瘤者等。三、高危儿具有下列情况之一的围产儿，定为高危儿：(一)胎龄不足37周或超过42周；(二)出生体重在2500g以下；(三)小于胎龄儿或大于胎龄儿；(四)胎儿的兄弟姊妹有严重新生儿病史。或新生儿期死亡者。或有二个以上胎儿死亡史者；(五)出生过程中或出生后情况不良，Apgar评分04；(六)产时感染；(七)高危产妇所生的新生儿；(八)手术产儿。四、高危妊娠的重点监护早期筛选高危孕妇，重点管理监护，及时正确处理，是减少孕产妇及围产儿死亡的重要措施。对优生优育亦具有重要意义。重点监护包括孕妇和胎儿两个方面，对孕妇的监护已在病理产科中论述，本节主要阐述对胎儿的重要监护问题。（一）了解胎儿生长发育情况1妊娠图：将孕妇体重、血压、腹围、宫底高度、胎位、胎心，水肿，蛋白尿、超声检查的双顶径等，制成一定的标准曲线。于每次产前检查，将检查所见及检查结果，随时记录于曲线图上，连续观察对比，可以了解胎儿的生长发育情况。2子宫底高度测量：测量子宫底高度所得数据与胎儿出生体重相关。所以测量子宫底高度可以预测胎儿生长发育。从孕2034周，宫底高度平均每周增加约1cm，34周后宫底增加速度转慢，子宫底高度在30cm以上表示胎儿已成熟。日本学者五十岚等提出计算胎儿发育指数的公式：胎儿发育指数宫底高度（cm）（月份1）3计算结果3，表示胎儿发育不良；33之间，表示胎儿发育正常；5可能为双胎、羊水过多或巨大儿。 过期妊娠（prolonged pregnancy）恶露 lochia luki 体温 (body) temperature 量试体温take ones temperature Has she had her temperature taken? 她的体温量过了吗?jaundice dnds in premature infants早产婴儿的黃疸病(body) weight体重put on weight; gain weight 体重增加lose weight体重减轻 underweight体重不足 weigh oneself or sb. on the scales磅体重，称体重CARE: Tens of Thousands of Pregnant Women at Risk in HaitiHumanitarian Groups Response Targets Vulnerable Women and Children PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti, Jan. 18 /PRNewswire-US Newswire/ -CARE warned Saturday that pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and young children are at greatest risk in the wake of an尾随,紧跟,仿效 earthquake that has devastated the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince and left nearly three million people in need of assistance. There are 37,000 pregnant women among the affected population in urgent need of safe drinking water, food and medical care. Half of Haitis population is younger than 18 years old. Hospitals and medical centers have been destroyed, and remaining centers are overwhelmed treating people injured from the quake. With limited or no access to health facilities, pregnant women are at an even greater risk of complications（并发症） and death related to pregnancy and childbirth. Haiti already has the highest rate of maternal mortality in the region: 670 deaths per 100,000 live births. There are a lot of pregnant women and mothers breastfeeding new babies in the streets, said Sophie Perez, country director for CARE in Haiti. There are also women giving birth in the street, directly in the street. The situation is very critical. Women try to reach the nearest hospital, but as most of the hospitals are full, its very difficult for them to receive the appropriate care. Mothers and their babies could die from complications without medical care. CARE set up at three hospitals Saturday and is distributing an eight-day supply of water purification packets to 12,000 people. The distributions target women and children, who are susceptible （sseptbl adj. 1.易受影响的; 易动感情的 2.过敏的; 易受感染的 3.能经受的 4.好动感情的；感情丰富的；善感的 5. 容许的；可能的；可以的） to water-borne （水传播的） illness such as diarrhea .（ ,dari: n.腹泻adj.腹泻的） Normally 15 percent of pregnant women experience complications requiring medical interventions. The problem is even worse during a disaster. The majority of maternal deaths result from hemorrhage, hemrd n.(尤指大量的)出血;失血vi.大出血infection, miscarriage流产, prolonged/obstructed labor梗阻性分娩 and hypertensive disorders妊娠期高血压疾病, many of which could be avoided with medical care. CARE, which focuses on empowering women and girls as part of our global fight against poverty, has partnered with the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) in Haiti. The organizations will help meet the urgent needs of pregnant and lactating（lactate 英lk,tet vi.(指哺乳动物)分泌乳汁n.乳汁分泌;哺乳(期) ）women left particularly vulnerable after the earthquake. CARE has extensive ongoing health programs in Haiti, and will coordinate with the local government to rebuild their health capacity. As part of its immediate emergency response, CAREs distributions include: - Water purification packets. - Emergency food rations. - Infant kits for mothers with newborns and young babies. - Hygiene kits that include not only basic items such as soap and toothpaste but also sanitary napkins and panties for women. After disasters, CARE normally also provides safe delivery kits for women and health centers to facilitate safer, cleaner deliveries. We are working together with partners to determine how to procure (procure prkj, pr- vt.(努力)取得, （设法）获得，得到Somehow he had procured us an invitation.他设法给我们弄到了一张请帖。vt. & vi.拉皮条,诱使（妇女）卖淫) these items as quickly as possible. It is also particularly crucial that new mothers continue breastfeeding, which provides the safest nutrition to their babies, said Perez. There is an urgent need for clean drinking water and additional nutritious food so new mothers do not become sick, dehydrated (【医】脱水的) or malnourished ( mlnrit adj.营养失调的,营养不良的) , which may prevent them from breastfeeding. CARE has launched a $10 million appeal for a three-year emergency relief 紧急救援and recovery program for the affected population. CARE recognizes赏识，表彰 the following partners for their generous donations and in-kind以实物support of our emergency relief efforts: Abbott, Baxter, Cargill, CARFAX, Cox Enterprises, Delta Air Lines, General Mills, Goldman Sachs, Hanesbrands Inc., InterContinental Hotels Group, JPMorgan Chase, Microsoft, Pfizer, Potash, Procter & Gamble, Quiznos, Teavana, 3M, Troutman Sanders and UPS. To Donate: Go to or call 1 800 521 CARE. About CARE: Founded in 1945, CARE is one of the worlds largest humanitarian aid agencies. Working side by side with poor people in 72 countries, CARE helps empower communities to address the greatest threats to their survival. Women are at the heart of CAREs efforts to improve health, education and economic development because experience shows that a womans achievements yield dramatic benefits for her entire family. CARE is also committed to providing lifesaving assistance during times of crisis, and helping rebuild safer, stronger communities afterward. SOURCE CARECAREs Response CARE IS ON THE GROUND DELIVERING AID TO SURVIVORSDevastation from the earthquake in Haiti was massive. But so was the outpouring of public support for relief and recovery efforts. As a result, emergency aid has made a real difference in the lives of survivors, including the women and girls targeted in CAREs response. There has been no large outbreak of disease and no nutrition crisis. Virtually all displaced people have some form of shelter. And we are proud to be part of a response that has helped alleviate suffering for hundreds of thousands of people across Haiti.Today, our relief efforts are currently focused in two areas of the country: Ptionville and Logne. We also have worked in Canap Vert, Cit Soleil, Delmas, Gonaves, Gros-Morne, Jrmie, Logne, Tabarre and Port-au-Prince. During the past six months, we have reached more than 330,000 people with aid, which includes our work on the massive World Food Programme rice distributions. CARE has distributed food, PUR water purification packets, water, jerry cans, buckets, hygiene kits, shelter kits, emergency housing repair kits, solar flashlights, kitchen sets, mattresses, blankets, clean delivery kits, newborn kits, latrines, showers and worked on other projects that promote hygiene and sanitation. And we organized our distributions so that women and children, who are among the most vulnerable during times of disaster and crisis, have benefited from CAREs assistance.WHAT IS IN THE WORKSUsing a community-based approach and working closely with the government, CARE is focusing on those most affected by the earthquake. Shelter As much as possible, we want to help families move from the camps back into their communities. CARE is doing so by distributing transitional shelter and home repair kits, providing economic opportunities and improving health and educational services both in earthquake-affected communities and several outlying provinces.CARE also will continue to provide support to people remaining in camps. Of immediate concern is a hurricane season predicted to be more active and more dangerous than usual. Thats why were importing emergency materials to repair damaged homes and to make 20,000 shelter reinforcement kits for families forced to live in self-built structures. CARE also continues to construct 25 to 30 transitional shelters per week, giving widows, women-headed households and other survivors a safe, secure place to rebuild their lives. The shelters, roughly 13 feet by 15 feet with wooden frames and sheet metal roofs, are hazard-resistant able to withstand earthquakes and high winds. They are designed to last at least 3 years or 5 to 10 years with repair and maintenance. Not only that, but the materials are reusable, and the design can be adapted by beneficiaries to form the core of a permanent dwelling to suit the families tastes and local housing styles.Our shelter teams, local authorities and community associations are working together to identify beneficiaries using the following criteria: families with available plots whose homes that have been destroyed or rendered unrepairable. CARE is targeting people who are most vulnerable, including female-headed households, families with children under age 5, persons suffering of chronic illness, disabled people and the elderly. Each person receiving a shelter is assigned two CARE carpenters. Along with three friends or family members, the team can build the shelter in two days.Women and Girls CAREs programs prior to the earthquake were designed to meet the needs of women and girls, making sure they had significant opportunities to improve their quality of life. Now, we are integrating these approaches into all areas of our emergency response. For example, nearly half the participants in cash-for-work activities are women; half the children receiving recreation kits will be girls; and many of our projects seek to lessen workload burdens of women, such as collecting water. We are also working to help prevent violence against women in Haitis crowded camps. Weve conducted community-training activities at 14 different sites in Carrefour and Logne, covering topics, such as gender-based violence, sexually-transmitted diseases, HIV and AIDS and family planning.In partnership with local health committees, CARE is opening more than 20 womens centers that will serve more than 40,000 women and girls. The centers will serve as places that women can go to for counseling and referrals, especially in the case of reproductive health issues and matters of gender-based violence. In addition, the centers will offer activities to support pregnant women, the importance of prenatal consultations, nursing, neonatal care and family planning, the danger signs of pregnancy and use of the clean delivery kits and newborn kits.Water, Sanitation Hygiene CARE is providing water, building latrines and showers, and organizing citizens to promote good hygiene. Since the earthquake, we have built 800 latrines and 140 showers at 60 sites between Logne and Carrefour. Weve also installed 23 water bladders in 21 locations, bringing clean drinking water to a total of 45,000 people. In the immediate days after the quake, sanitation quickly became a grave concern, especially the removal of human waste from sites where it was impossible to install emergency trench latrines. CARE purchased 10 mobile vacuum trucks to help meet this need. And weve built 800 latrines that serve 106,000 people in 64 sites. In addition, CARE is conducting hygiene promotion activities through local committees in 133 sites in Carrefour and Logne. These activities include house visits, group training sessions and peer outreach, such as child-to-child and mother-to-mother. So far, 43 latrine-cleaning committees and 76 site-cleaning committees have been created. Weve also distributed more than 32,000 hygiene kits. Moving forward, we plan to work with schools to introduce good hygiene habits to students, replicating programs we have done in other countries.With the installation of waste bins, the problem of household waste disposal around the camps has been halted. Today, Haitis camps are litter-free and people are enjoying the cleanliness of the water and sanitation facilities.Livelihoods and Food Security CARE has supported affected families in non-urban areas (including families who are hosting displaced people) to ensure that sufficient food is locally produced, in order to avoid widespread hunger and reduce the need for people to travel to quake-affected urban areas in search of food. Our approach includes paying people for infrastructure projects, so they have money to buy food. Through cash-for-work programs, CARE has assisted 1,885 people, nearly half of them women. Through these programs, 33 kilometers of irrigation canals have been cleared; 7 kilometers of feeder roads have been rehabilitated, facilitating exchanges between communities; dry stone walls supporting 250 meters of ravines have been built; and rubble from a church and an orphanage have been removed. Communities identified all of these projects as high priority.CARE also is promoting gardening to improve families access to fresh food. So far, 146 pounds of spinach and okra seeds have been distributed to 1,575 families, as these vegetables are easy to grow from seeds. Additionally, tomatoes, chilies and eggplants are being started at local nurseries to improve chances for survival; and the seedlings are being distributed to families.Childrens Psychological Care and Well-Being CARE aims to assist a minimum of 20,000 children displaced by the earthquake, helping to meet their immediate needs and rebuild their lives. In order to contribute to the stability and security of children, were training tea