计算机英语实用教程Unit 9.doc

司爱侠 张强华 宋德富 张美兰 编著 计算机英语实用教程电子教案Unit 9 Basic Concepts【教学目的】 Learn about the English terms of basic concepts: Desktop，Graphic，Binary，Bit，Byte，Compiled，and etc. Improve the students ability to understand the long and difficult sentences in the text. Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text. consolidate the technical terms and important professional phrase by doing exercises. 【教学重点难点】Important technical terms: desktop（桌面），graphic（图像），binary（二进制），bit（位），byte （字节），compiled（编译），driver（驱动程序），freeware （免费软件），megahertz（兆赫），parallel （并口），fire wall（防火墙），laptop（膝上型电脑），AI （人工智能），object-oriented （面向对象），IRQ （中断请求），bitmap（位图），Boolean（布尔数），shareware（共享软件） Difficult sentences: 1. Note also that some hardware manufacturers will use the smaller 1000 multiplier on M & G quantities to make their disk drives seem larger than they really are; buyer beware.2. A million cycles per second, abbreviated MHz. This is often used misleadingly to indicate processor speed, because while one might expect that a higher number would indicate a faster processor, that logic only holds true within a given type of processors as different types of processors are capable of doing different amounts of work within a cycle.3. Loosely speaking, parallel implies a situation where multiple things can be done simultaneously, like having multiple check-out lines each serving people all at once.4. Since multiple signals to the computer on the same interrupt line might not be understood by the computer, a unique value must be specified for each device and its the path to the computer. Review the important points of essential Englishmean vt. ultimately adv.prior to prep. 【教学步骤】Step OneRead and explain Text A to the students and ask the students to keep in mind the following professional terms:desktop（桌面）：A desktop system is a computer designed to sit in one position on a desk somewhere and not move around.graphic（图像）：Anything visually displayed on a computer that is not text.portable （便携式）：can be easily moved from one type of computer to another.binary（二进制）：1. the name of the number system in which there are only zeros and ones.2. an offshoot of the first; data that is not meant to be interpreted through a common character set (like ASCII) is typically referred to as binary data.bit（位）：A bit can either be on or off; one or zero.byte （字节）：A byte is a grouping of bits. It is typically eight bits, but there are those who use non-standard byte piled（编译）：If a program is compiled, its original human-readable source has been converted into a form more easily used by a computer prior to it being run.driver（驱动程序）：A driver is a piece of software that works with the OS to control a particular piece of hardware, like a printer or a scanner or a mouse or whatever.freeware （免费软件）：Freeware is software that is available for free with no strings attached. megahertz（兆赫）：A million cycles per second, abbreviated MHz. parallel （并口）：Loosely speaking, parallel implies a situation where multiple things can be done simultaneously.fire wall（防火墙）：A combination of hardware and software that separates a Network into two or more parts for security purposes. laptop（膝上型电脑）：A laptop is any computer designed to do pretty much anything a desktop system can do but run for a short time (usually two to five hours) on batteries.AI （人工智能）：Artificial intelligence is the concept of making computers do tasks once considered to require thinking.object-oriented （面向对象）：The general notion is that an object-oriented approach to creating software starts with modeling the real-world problems trying to be solved in familiar real-world ways, and carries the analogy all the way down to structure of the program.IRQ （中断请求）：Interrupt request an assigned location where the computer can expect a particular device to interrupt it when the device send the computer signals about the operation.bitmap（位图）：A bitmap is a simplistic representation of an image on a computer, simply indicating whether or not pixels are on or off, and sometimes indicating their color.Boolean（布尔数）：Boolean algebra is the mathematics of base two numbers.shareware（共享软件）：Shareware is software made for profit that allows a trial period before purchase.Step Two Help the students to analyze the following long difficult sentences: 1. Note also that some hardware manufacturers will use the smaller 1000 multiplier on M & G quantities to make their disk drives seem larger than they really are; buyer beware.先读前一句Note that the multipliers here are 1024 instead of the more common 1000 as would be used in the metric system. 也就是说我们平时说千(K)字节、兆(M)字节、吉(G)字节实际的乘数是1024，而不是1000，说10M，实际上是1024M。本句提醒用户注意“有的硬件制造商用小于1000的乘数来计算M和G的大小”；目的是“使他们的硬盘驱动器看起来比实际容量更大”；最后要求“购买者要小心”。2. A million cycles per second, abbreviated MHz. This is often used misleadingly to indicate processor speed, because while one might expect that a higher number would indicate a faster processor, that logic only holds true within a given type of processors as different types of processors are capable of doing different amounts of work within a cycle. 本句解释Megahertz 为“每秒一百万周期，缩略为MHz”，接着说“它经常被错误地用来表示处理速度，其原因是人们也许认为数字越大，表明处理速度越快”；that logic only holds true within a given type of processors“这一逻辑只是对某些类型的处理器而言，才是正确的”，明显地表示了转折，因此because 从句中的while表示的是让步，翻译时只能把这种让步逻辑关系通过后面的“但是”或“不过”表示出来。As引出原因说明为什么只是对某些类型的处理器而言才是正确的，“由于不同的处理器在一个周期中所能够做的工作量是不同的”3. Loosely speaking, parallel implies a situation where multiple things can be done simultaneously, like having multiple check-out lines each serving people all at once.本句不能按照字面翻译，implies a situation where很难按照字面意思译成中文，还不如直接说“不严格地讲，并口意味着可以同时进行多项工作”；后面like是介词，后面跟-ing名词，而each serving people all at once是一个独立结构的分词短语起补充说明的作用。参考译文：“就好像有多条结账线，每条结账线都能同时为购物者服务”。4. Since multiple signals to the computer on the same interrupt line might not be understood by the computer, a unique value must be specified for each device and its the path to the computer.Since从句表示原因“因为同一中断线上给计算机发送多个信号使计算机无法理解”；后面主句中的for each device and its the path to the computer在its the path to the computer前省略了for ，参考译文是：“因此必须给每个设备和该设备到计算机的通道指定唯一的值。Step ThreeReview the important idioms of essential Englishmean vt. 这里专讲mean (for) sb./sth. to do sth. 其中的mean表示intend，想/打算要某人做某事或某样东西。如：They didnt mean for her to read the letter. “我本来不打算要她读这封信的”。被动语态的be meant to do sth.意思有了些变化：If you are meant to do something, that is what you should do in order to behave correctly. 因此经常译作“必须”，“得要”，如：This exercise isnt meant to be difficult. “这个练习不该难”。Youre meant to shake the bottle first. “你得先把瓶子晃晃”。Hes not meant to drive any more. “他不能再开车了”。 本文中的例句：data that is not meant to be interpreted through a common character set (like ASCII) is typically referred to as binary data. “不能通过共同的字符集（如ASCII）来解释的数据一般被称为二进制数据”。ultimately adv. finally, in the end “最终”，“终究”，“根本上”。本文有两个例句：This is important to computers because all computer data is ultimately a series of zeros and ones, and thus can be represented by binary numbers. 这对计算机是重要的，因为所有的计算机数据根本上是一系列0和1，因而可以用二进制数表现。All computer data can ultimately be reduced to a series of bits. 所有的计算机数据都可以最后简化成一系列的位。prior to prep. Before 本文中的例句：If a program is compiled, its original human-readable source has been converted into a form more easily used by a computer prior to it being run.句中的prior to后面跟了一个带逻辑主语的-ing名词，表示“在其运行之前”。全句的参考译文“如果一个程序是编译的，则它原来人可读的源程序已经转换成一种形式，这一形式在运行之前计算机就可以容易地使用”。Step Four Text B 难句解析1. Each Use Case describes the functionality to be built in the proposed system, which can include another Use Cases functionality or extend another Use Case with its own behavior.本句中，to be built in the proposed system是一个动词不定式的被动语态形式作定语，修饰和限定the functionality（功能，职责）。which引导的非限定性定语从句对Each Use Case作进一步补充说明。参考译文：每个用例都描述了未来系统所建立的功能，它也可以包括另一个用例的功能或用自己的行为来扩展另一个用例。2. Use Cases are typically related to actors, which are human or machine entities that use or interact with the system to perform a piece of meaningful work that helps them to achieve a goal.本句中有三个定语从句，which are human or machine entities是一个非限定性定语从句，对actors（角色）的说明，that use or interact with the system to p