法律英语：婚姻法 4 离婚.docx

第四章离婚Chapter IV Divorce 第三十一条男女双方自愿离婚的，准予离婚。双方必须到婚姻登记机关申请离婚。婚姻登记机关查明双方确实是自愿并对子女和财产问题已有适当处理时，发给离婚证。Article 31 Divorce shall be granted if husband and wife both desire it. Both parties shall apply to the marriage registration1 office for divorce. The marriage registration office, after clearly establishing that divorce is desired by both parties and that appropriate arrangements have been made for the care of any children and the disposition2 of property, shall issue the divorce certificates. 第三十二条男女一方要求离婚的，可由有关部门进行调解或直接向人民法院提出离婚诉讼。Article 32 When one party alone desires a divorce, the organizations concerned may carry out mediation3, or the party may appeal directly to a peoples court to start divorce proceedings4. 人民法院审理离婚案件，应当进行调解；如感情确已破裂，调解无效，应准予离婚。In dealing5 with a divorce case, the peoples court should carry out mediation between the parties. Divorce shall be granted if mediation fails because mutual6 affection no long exists. 有下列情形之一，调解无效的，应准予离婚：Divorce shall be granted if mediation fails under any of the following circumstances: （一）重婚或有配偶者与他人同居的；(1)bigamy or, cohabitation of a married person with any third party; （二）实施家庭暴力或虐待、遗弃家庭成员的；(2)domestic violence or, maltreatment and desertion of one family member by another; （三）有赌博、吸毒等恶习屡教不改的；(3)bad habits of gamble or drug addiction7 which remain incorrigible8 despite repeated admonition; （四）因感情不和分居满二年的；(4)separation caused by incompatibility9, which lasts two full years; and （五）其他导致夫妻感情破裂的情形。(5)any other circumstances causing alienation10 of mutual affection. 一方被宣告失踪，另一方提出离婚诉讼的，应准予离婚。Divorce shall be granted if one party is declared to be missing and the other party thereby11 files an action for divorce. 第三十三条现役军人的配偶要求离婚，须得军人同意，但军人一方有重大过错的除外。Article 33 If the spouse12 of a soldier in active military service desires a divorce, the soldiers consent must b e obtained, except that the soldier commits a serious fault. 第三十四条女方在怀孕期间、分娩后一年内或中止妊娠后六个月内，男方不得提出离婚。女方提出离婚的，或人民法院认为确有必要受理男方离婚请求的，不在此限。Article 34 A husband may not apply for a divorce when his wife is pregnant or within one year after the birth of a child or within six months after pregnancy13 suspension. This restriction14 shall not apply in cases where the wife applies for a divorce, or when the peoples court deems it necessary to accept the divorce application made by the husband. 第三十五条离婚后，男女双方自愿恢复夫妻关系的，必须到婚姻登记机关进行复婚登记。Article 35 If, after divorce, both parties desire to resume their husband-and-wife relationship, they shall register for the remarrying of each other with the marriage registration office. 第三十六条父母与子女间的关系，不因父母离婚而消除。离婚后，子女无论由父或母直接抚养，仍是父母双方的子女。Article 36 The relationship between parents and children shall not come to and end with the parents divorce. After divorce, whether the children are put in the custody15 of the father or the mother, they shall remain the children of both parents. 离婚后，父母对于子女仍有抚养和教育的权利和义务。After divorce, both parents shall still have the right and duty to bring up and educate their children. 离婚后，哺乳期内的子女，以随哺乳的母亲抚养为原则。哺乳期后的子女，如双方因抚养问题发生争执不能达成协议时，由人民法院根据子女的权益和双方的具体情况判决。In principle the mother shall have the custody of a breast-fed infant after divorce. If a dispute arises between the two parties over the custody of their child who has been weaned and they fail to reach an agreement, the peoples court shall make a judgment16 in accordance with the rights and interests of the child and the actual conditions of both parents. 第三十七条离婚后，一方抚养的子女，另一方应负担必要的生活费和教育费的一部或全部，负担费用的多少和期限的长短，由双方协议；协议不成时，由人民法院判决。Article 37 If, after divorce, one party has been given custody of a child, the other parent shall bear part or the whole of the childs necessary living and educational expenses. The two parties shall agreement regarding the amount and duration of such payment. If they fail to reach an agreement, the peoples court shall make a judgment.关于子女生活费和教育费的协议或判决，不妨碍子女在必要时向父母任何一方提出超过协议或判决原定数额的合理要求。The agreement or the court judgment on a childs living and educational expenses shall not prevent the child from making a reasonable request, when necessary, to either parent for an amount exceeding what was decided17 upon in the said agreement or judgment. 第三十八条离婚后，不直接抚养子女的父或母，有探望子女的权利，另一方有协助的义务。Article 38 After divorce, the father or the mother who does not rear their children directly shall have the right to visit them, while the other party shall have the duty to give assistance. 行使探望权利的方式、时间由当事人协议；协议不成时，由人民法院判决。The parents shall reach an agreement about how and when to exercise the right of visit. If they fail to reach an agreement, the peoples court shall make a judgement. 父或母探望子女，不利于子女身心健康的，由人民法院依法中止探望的权利；中止的事由消失后，应当恢复探望的权利。If the father or the mother visits their children to the detriment18 of their mental and physical health, a peoples court shall suspend the right of visit according to law; and such a right shall be restored after the main content of the suspension disappears. 第三十九条离婚时，夫妻的共同财产由双方协议处理；协议不成时，由人民法院根据财产的具体情况，照顾子女和女方权益的原则判决。Article 39 At the time of divorce, the disposition of the property in the joint19 possession of husband and wife is subject to agreement between the two parties. In cases where an agreement cannot be reached, the peoples court shall make a judgement in consideration of the actual circumstance of the property and on the principle of caring for the rights and interests of the wife and the child or children. 夫或妻在家庭土地承包经营中享有的权益等，应当依法予以保护。The rights and interests enjoyed by husband or wife in the operation of land under a contract based on the household shall be protected according to law. 第四十条夫妻书面约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产归各自所有，一方因抚育子女、照料老人、协助另一方工作等付出较多义务的，离婚时有权向另一方请求补偿，另一方应当予以补偿。Article 40 According to a couples written agreement, the items of property acquired during their marriage are in the separate possession. In this connection, if one party performs more duties in rearing their children, looking after their elders and assisting the other party in work, he or she shall have the right at the time of divorce to request compensation from the other party who shall make the compensation. 第四十一条离婚时，原为夫妻共同生活所负的债务，应当共同偿还。共同财产不足清偿的，或财产归各自所有的，由双方协议清偿；协议不成时，由人民法院判决。Article 41 At the time of divorce, debts incurred20 by the husband and wife during their marriage shall be paid off out of their jointly21 possessed22 property. If such property is insufficient23 to pay off the debts or, the items of the property are in the separate possession, the two parties shall work out an agreement with regard to the payment. If they fail to reach an agreement, the peoples court shall make a judgment. 第四十二条离婚时，如一方生活困难，另一方应从其住房等个人财产中给予适当帮助。具体办法由双方协议；协议不成时，由人民法院判决。Article 42 If, at the time of divorce, one party has difficulties supporting himself or herself, the other party shall render appropriate help from her or his personal property such as a dwelling24 house. Specific arrangements shall be made between both parties through consultation25. If they fail to reach an agreement, the peoples court shall make a judgement.词汇解析1 registration n.登记，注册，挂号参考例句：Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。Whats your registration number?你挂的是几号？2 disposition n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署参考例句：He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。He has a cheerful disposition.他性情开朗。3 mediation n.调解参考例句：The dispute was settled by mediation of the third country. 这场争端通过第三国的斡旋而得以解决。The dispute was settled by mediation. 经调解使争端得以解决。4 proceedings n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报参考例句：He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼5 dealing n.经商方法，待人态度参考例句：This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。6 mutual adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的参考例句：We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。7 addiction n.上瘾入迷，嗜好参考例句：He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。8 incorrigible adj.难以纠正的，屡教不改的参考例句：Because he was an incorrigible criminal,he was sentenced to life imprisonment.他是一个死不悔改的罪犯，因此被判终生监禁。Gamblers are incorrigible optimists.嗜赌的人是死不悔改的乐天派。9 incompatibility n.不兼容参考例句：One cause may be an Rh incompatibility causing kernicterus in the newborn. 一个原因可能是Rh因子不相配引起新生儿的脑核性黄疸。Sexual incompatibility is wide-spread in the apple. 性的不亲合性在苹果中很普遍。10 alienation n.疏远；离间；异化参考例句：The new policy resulted in the alienation of many voters.新政策导致许多选民疏远了。As almost every conceivable contact between human beings gets automated,the alienation index goes up.随着人与人之间几乎一切能想到的接触方式的自动化，感情疏远指数在不断上升。11 thereby adv.因此，从而参考例句：I have never been to that city,ereby I dont know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。12 spouse n.配偶(指夫或妻)参考例句：Her spouse will come to see her on Sunday.她的丈夫星期天要来看她。What is the best way to keep your spouse happy in the marriage?在婚姻中保持配偶幸福的最好方法是什么？13 pregnancy n.怀孕，怀孕期参考例句：Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。14 restriction n.限制，约束参考例句：The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放，没有任何限制。The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。15 custody n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留参考例句：He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。16 judgment n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见参考例句：The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。Hes a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。17 decided adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的参考例句：This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。18 detriment n.损害；损害物，造成损害的根源参考例句：Smoking is a detriment to ones health.吸烟危害健康。His lack of education is a serious detriment to his career.他的未受教育对他的事业是一种严重的妨碍。19 joint adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合参考例句：I had a bad fall,which put