高考阅读高频难词1.doc

高考阅读高频难词1potentialadj.潜在的, 有可能的Its important to draw out a childs potential capacities.发掘孩子的潜在能力是很重要的。n.潜力, 潜势, 可能性This new invention has an enormous sales potential.这项新发明有巨大的销售潜力。consumevt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committees valuable time.争论细节问题耗费了委员会数小时宝贵的时间。大吃, 大喝烧毁, 毁灭The fire soon consumed the wooden buildings.大火很快就把那些木制建筑物烧毁了。budgetn.预算; 政府预算案Rising budget deficit is beginning to bite. 预算赤字的不断增加开始产生不良后果。The Chancellor of Exchequer will present his budget to Parliament tomorrow.财政大臣明天将向议会提出预算案。预算额, 经费Our budget has been pared to the bone.我们的预算额已削减到最低限度。vt. & vi.编制预算, 安排开支等She budgeted for a holiday. 她为了去度假而节省开支。They have budgeted their time carefully. 他们已经认真地安排了自己的时间。transformvt. & vi.改变The sofa can transform for use as a bed. 这个沙发可改作床用。Marriage has completely transformed her. 结婚使她完全改变了。shiftvt. & vi.改变, 变换, 转移, 移动Lend me a hand to shift this box, will you? 来帮一下忙, 把这箱子搬开, 好吗?去掉; 摆脱掉If the stain still doesnt shift, try this. 如果污渍还没有清除掉, 试试这个吧。The thieves couldnt shift any of those stolen colour televisions.这伙盗贼无法把任何一部偷来的彩色电视机脱手。换挡vi.快速行进n.转换, 转变A sudden shift in the wind warned of the coming storm.风向的突然改变预示暴风雨来临。轮换班The day shift arrivesarrive at eight oclock. 白班工人八点钟来换班。轮班工人计谋, 手段He uses some dubious shifts to get money. 他用一些可疑的手段去赚钱。切换键Press “Shift” and type “C”. 按切换键然后打字母C。varyvi.呈现不同This pile of apples vary in size. 这堆苹果大小不一。vt. & vi.(使)变化, 改变Opinions on this point vary. 对这一点看法各异。Old people dont like to vary their habits. 老年人不喜欢改变他们的习惯。vanishvi.消失, 突然不见With a wave of his hand, the magician made the rabbit vanish.魔术师手一挥兔子便不见了。The smile vanished from her face. 笑容从她脸上消失了。不复存在, 绝迹Many types of animal have now vanished from the earth.许多动物物种现已从地球上绝迹。acceleratevt. & vi.(使)加快, (使)增速The car suddenly accelerated. 汽车突然加速。Our country should accelerate the economic growth. 我国应加快经济增长。extinctadj.灭绝的, 绝种的Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙绝种已有几百万年了。消逝的, 破灭的Nothing could rekindle her extinct passion. 她激情已逝, 无从心回意转。All hopes were extinct. 所有希望都破灭了。approvevt. & vi.赞成, 同意She thought for a moment and then approved. 她想了一会儿, 也就同意了。The firms directors quickly approved the new idea.公司的董事们很快赞同了这个想法。vt.批准, 通过The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了该建筑计划。preservevt.保护We must preserve our natural resources. 我们必须保护自然资源。维持It is the duty of the police to preserve public order. 维护公共秩序是警察的职责。scalen.鱼鳞, 鳞片Scales of skin peel off after scarlet fever. 猩红热病愈后皮肤上的鳞屑就会脱落。鳞状物; 障眼物The doctor removed the scale from his eyes. 医生除去了他眼中的障眼物。His explanations removed the scale from my eyes. 他的解释使我看清了真相。水垢, 水锈A scale of rust covered the steel plate. 一层铁锈覆盖了钢板。刻度, 度数This ruler has only one scale in centimeters. 这把尺只有厘米刻度。比例(尺)The scale of this map is an inch to a mile. 这张地图的比例尺是一英寸代表一英里。规模; 程度; 范围Hes in business on a small scale. 他做的是小本生意。等级; 级别For every year youve worked here you go up another step on the salary scale.你在这儿每工作一年, 工资就会长一级。His rapid ascent in the social scale was surprising.他的社会地位提高之迅速令人吃惊。天平, 磅秤The butcher weighed the meat on the scales. 肉贩用盘秤称肉。vt.刮去的鳞片鳞状物You have to scale the fish before cooking it. 你在烧鱼之前得刮去鳞片。The plaster is scaling off the wall. 灰泥从墙上剥落。称的重量The fish scales 2 pounds. 这条鱼重两磅。攀登, 爬The boys soon scaled the wall. 男孩很快就爬上了墙头。They are determined to spare no efforts to scale the peaks in science and technology.他们决心全力攀登科技高峰。abundantadj.大量的, 充足的Rainfall is abundant in the region. 该地区降雨丰沛。China is abundant with natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。casualadj.漠不关心的, 冷淡的随便的, 非正式的The guests wore casual clothes. 客人们穿着便服。Shes a very casual person. 她是一个很随便的人。偶然的, 碰巧的临时的, 不定期的He earns a living by casual labour. 他靠做临时工为生。excessadj.超重的, 过量的; 额外的Youll have to pay excess postal charges on this letter. 这封信你必须付超重邮资。n.超过, 过多之量An excess of fat in ones diet can lead to heart disease.饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病。She was charged an excess of 400 dollars over the amount stated on the bill.向她索取的比账单上显示的数额多400美元。过度, 过分She has an excess of anger. 她爱过度地生气。expensen.消耗, 花费花费的钱, 费用expandvt. & vi.使变大, 扩大, 扩张The ranks of the teachers are constantly expanding. 教师队伍日益扩大了。The merchant wants to expand his business. 那个商人想扩大他的经营。伸展, 伸开, 张开, 展开The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine. 许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。The eagle expanded its wings. 雄鹰展翅。individualadj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的Each individual house has its own yard. 每栋房子都有各自的庭院。Students can apply for individual tuition. 学生可以申请个别指导。独特的She has her own individual style of doing things. 她有自己独特的行事风格。n.个人The purpose of the law is to protect the right of the individual.该法律目的是为了保护个人权利。人personneln.(总称)人员; 员工The personnel are not happy to change these rules.全体工作人员对改变这些规定很不高兴。人事部门Personnel hashave lost my tax forms. 人事部门把我的税收表格给弄丢了。invadevt. & vi.侵入, 侵略He ordered the army to invade at dawn. 他命令军队在拂晓入侵。vt.涌入, 侵袭Thousands of tourists invaded the old town. 数以千计的游客涌入那古老的镇上。The disease invades their bodies. 疾病侵袭了他们的身体。侵犯, 干扰The king invaded our private rights. 国王侵犯了我们的权利。calculatevt. & vi.计算, 估计Have you calculated the result? 你算出结果来了吗?I calculated that the trip would take two days. 我估计这段路程要走两天时间。Ill calculate what it will cost. 我要估计一下那要花多少钱。The scientist could not calculate when the spaceship would reach the Jupiter.那位科学家没有算出那艘宇宙飞船什么时候会到达木星。Astronomers can calculate when there will be eclipses of the sun and moon.天文学家可以算出何时发生日食和月食。打算, 旨在Emotional people dont stop to calculate. 感情容易冲动的人做事往往不加考虑。This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives.这个广告旨在吸引家庭主妇们的注意力。The speech was calculated to win votes. 那演说意在争取选票。optimisticadj.乐观的, 乐观主义的He is an optimistic young fellow. 他是位乐观的年轻人。She is not optimistic about the outcome. 她对结果并不乐观。optionaladj.可选择的, 非强制的The goods are optional, but only one. 这些物品是可以任选的, 但只能选一个。religionn.宗教, 宗教信仰There are many religions in the world. 在世界上有许多种宗教。He married outside his religion. 他和不同宗教信仰的人结了婚。支配自己生活的大事victimn.牺牲者, 受害者, 受灾者Most of the victims were shot in the back while trying to run away.大多数受害者在设法逃跑时从背后被枪杀。offendvt.触怒; 冒犯I think I never offend you. 我想我从没有触犯过你。使反感That sound offends my ear.那声音使我感到刺耳。vi.犯规, 触犯The driver offended against the traffic regulations. 这个司机违反了交通规则。innocentadj.清白的, 无罪的, 无辜的They have imprisoned an innocent man. 他们监禁了一个无辜的男子。无害的, 没有恶意的涉世不深的; 天真的, 单纯的I was very young, and very innocent. 我那时非常年轻, 幼稚无知。头脑简单的; 愚钝的Im not quite so innocent as to believe that. 我还不至于简单到相信那种事的地步。radicaladj.根本的, 基本的; 彻底的, 完全的The patient got a radical cure in the hospital. 病人在医院得到了根治。He made a radical change in the plan. 他对计划做了彻底的修改。激进的, 激进派的His opinions are very radical. 他的观点很激进。She is radical in her demands. 她的要求十分偏激isolatevt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱离Do not isolate yourself from others. 不要把自己孤立起来。A chemist can isolate the oxygen from the hydrogen in water.化学家可以把水中的氢和氧分离开来。issuen.问题, 议题; 争论点There was no issue at all between us. 我们之间毫无争议。发行物There is a new issue of Christmas stamps every year. 每年都出一套新的圣诞邮票。放出, 流出; 发出, 发行I bought the book the day after its issue. 这书出版后的第一天, 我就去买了它。正结果, 结局vt.出版, 发行The government issues money and stamps. 政府发行货币及邮票。发表, 发布The inspiring call was issued by the President. 这鼓舞人心的号召是总统发出的。issuevt.分配, 发给We also issued agricultural loans. 我们还发放了农业贷款。The end hut is to be used for issuing guns to the new soldiers.最边上的那间小屋要用来给新兵发放武器。They advised the government not to issue him a passport to travel abroad.他们奉劝政府不要给他发护照出国旅游。vi.冒出, 流出; 传出Strange sounds issued from the castle. 城堡传来怪异的声音。rangen.一系列A range of buildings have sprung up along the river. 沿河建起了一排楼房。变化幅度, 范围Several cars are available within this price range.在这个价格范围内, 有好几种汽车可供选购。She has a marvellous voice with an extraordinary range. 她歌喉甜美, 音域奇广。射程, 距离This weapon can kill at a range of 200 yards. 这种兵器在200码内有杀伤力。(山)脉The two countries are separated by a range of mountains.这两个国家被一条山脉隔开。vi.变化Prices range from 6 to 10. 价钱从六英镑到十英镑不等。vt.排列Range the books by size. 把这些书按大小分类排列。importn.进口, 输入The import of cotton goods went up sharply. 棉织品的进口大大增加了。进口商品, 输入额We dont like eating food imports. 我们不喜欢吃进口食品。意义, 含义Whats the import of the speech? 这个演说的意义是什么?vt.输入The country is importing a broad range of skilled personnel.这个国家正在引进各种专业技术人员。进口We import raw silk. 我们进口生丝。expansionn.扩大, 扩张, 扩展, 膨胀Heat causes the expansion of gases. 热使气体膨胀。扩张物, 膨胀物His big book is an expansion of the little book he wrote before.他这本大部头的书是在他以前写的一本小册子的基础上扩充而成的。saken.缘故; 理由He loves poetry for beautys sake. 他因为爱美而喜欢诗歌。We did it for conveniences sake. 我们为了方便起见才这么做。skepticaladj.怀疑性的,好怀疑的,口无神论的petroln.汽油Our car was useless for want of petrol. 由于缺少汽油, 我们的汽车派不上用场。sacrificen.牺牲, 舍身His parents made a lot of sacrifices to make sure he got a good education.他的父母为确保他得到良好的教育而作了很多牺牲。献祭, 供奉Before the battle, the commanders ordered the sacrifice of two bullocks to the god of war.打仗之前, 指挥官下令给战神供奉两只小公牛。祭品They killed a sheep as a sacrifice. 他们宰了一只羊作为祭品。vt. & vi.献祭The ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in battle.古希腊人在打仗前用羊和小牛作祭品。vt.牺牲, 献出Jacelin sacrificed his life to save the child from the fire.杰斯林牺牲自己的生命把孩子从火中救了出来。He sacrificed his holiday to help his brothers business.为了帮助兄弟经商, 他放弃休假。academicadj.学校的, 学院的The university is composed of five academic schools. 整个大学由五个学院组成。学术性的They asked for academic freedom. 他们要求学术自由。纯理论的, 不切实际的That is merely an academic discussion. 那只是一个