英语四级高频词汇讲解及辨析.doc

英语四级高频词汇讲解及辨析1. undergraduate n. 大学毕业生;本科生graduate student=postgraduate 研究生 doctoral student=Ph. D candidate 博士生 He is a Peking University undergraduate.他是北京大学的学生。2. universal a. 普遍的，通用的;宇宙的universal time 世界时间 universal grammar 普遍文法universal、usual、general、common等词的区别：universal 预期较强，侧重对每个人或事物都适用，没有任何例外。usual 指常见、常听和常做的事或举动，强调惯常性。general 与universal同义，但语气较弱，指一般都是如此。common 多指物，侧重指常见，不稀奇。English is a universal language.英语是一门通用语言。3. universe n. 宇宙universal的名词形式，它表示宇宙、世界、万物。When I was little, I want to join in the exploration of the universe.在我很小的时候我很想探索宇宙。4. via prep. 经由，经过，通过by、via、through的区别在于：by 在旁边、从旁边(强调从旁边经过或路过)，如pass /go by是指从旁边经过或走过。through 穿过、透过、通过(强调从内部穿透)via 经由，途径，从某处(强调通过中间的媒介达成目的)，经由某个人、某个区域、某个工具达到某个目的。He goes to New York via Sydney.他经由悉尼去了纽约。5. vibrate v. 振动，摇摆vibrate 指急速地连续震动，也可指钟摆等的来回摆动。 vibrator 名词，指振动装置;振动器He saw the wings of her butterfly hairpin vibrate subtly.他看到女孩头上的蝴蝶发卡上的翅膀轻轻晃动。6. virus n. 病毒computer virus 计算机病毒 influenza virus 流感病毒Computer virus has been a safety issue for many corporations.计算机病毒已成为许多公司的安全问题。7. voluntary a. 自愿的名词形式volunteer.voluntary cooperation 自愿合作 voluntary withdrawal 自动退学Even though he is poor, he is willing to do some voluntary sevices.虽然他很穷，但他还是很乐意做志愿服务。8. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿(做)volunteer army 志愿军 Volunteer State 志愿者州(田纳西州别名)He volunteered to help us to pick up my sister.他自愿去接我妹妹。9. vote v. 选举 n. 选票vote for /against sb. /sth. 表决put sth. to the vote 将问题付诸表决the vote 投票总数、得票总数After the riot in London, the vote of the prime minister decreased by10%.伦敦骚乱后首相的选票下降了10%。10. wagon n. 四轮马车，铁路货车The wagon jogged along on the rough road.马车在崎岖不平的道路上行走着。11. hostile a. 敌视的Lets hope they will refrain from hostile actions.希望他们不采取敌对行动。12. harness v. 治理 harness a river 治理河流We must harness the rivers which overflow annually.我们必须治理那些每年泛滥的河流。13. hazard n. 危险词义辨析：danger, risk, hazard, menace, peril, threatdanger: 含义广，普通用词，指能够造成伤害、损害或不利的任何情况。risk: 指有可能发生的危险，尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的危险。hazard: 比risk正式，多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险，常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。menace: 所指的危险性最严重，表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能。peril: 指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。threat: 普通用词，语气弱于menace，指任何公开侵犯对方的言行，给对方构成危险或威胁。The car had its hazard warning lights on.这辆汽车亮起了危险信号灯。14. highlight v. 使突出 n. 最精彩的部分We must highlight the Partys ideological and theoretical building.必须把党的思想理论建设摆在更加突出的位置。It is one of the highlights of the match.这是比赛中最精彩的项目之一。15. illusion n. 幻想This creates an illusion of variety.这造成了一种多样化的幻觉。16. imaginary a. 虚构的All the characters in this book are imaginary.这本书中的人物都是虚构的。17. ignite v. 点燃What can you do to ignite your own passion?有什么办法可以点燃你的热情?18. impetus n. 推动The present conflict may provide fresh impetus for peace talk.目前的冲突可能会给和谈提供新的推动力。19. immune a. 免疫的This patients immune system has been destroyed.这位病人的免疫系统受到了破坏。20. incentive n. 刺激To support the family is an incentive for him to work hard.养家糊口是他努力工作的刺激因素。21. approximate a. 大概的，大约 v. 近似He spent approximate two hours searching the photo.他用了大约两小时来寻找这张照片. Production costs approximate to $100,000 .生产成本接近十万美元。22. arbitrary a. 随意的，武断的My choice was quite arbitrary.我的选择相当随意。This is an arbitrary decision.这是个武断的决定。23.architect n. 建筑师The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession.该旅行指南的作者任职建筑师。24. architecture n. 建筑学He obtained a diploma in architecture.他获得了建筑学的学位证书。25. biology n. 生物学He specializes biology.他主修生物学。26. geography n. 地理(学)Hows the new geography teacher?新的地理老师怎么样?27. geology n. 地质学Mineralogy is a brand of the great earth science geology.矿物学是大地科学地质学的一个分支。28. geometry n. 几何(学)I feel that geometry is a difficult subject.我认为几何是一门难学的课程。29. arithmetic n. 算术Im good at history but not so hot at arithmetic.我的历史成绩不错，但算术不太好。30. algebra n. 代数The boy cant figure out the algebra problems.这个男孩做不出这道代数题。31. odd a. 奇特的，古怪的;奇数的Its very odd that she didnt reply to our letter.她没有回我们的信是件很奇怪的事。32. omit vt. 省略In writing telegrams omit superfluous words.写电报稿要省去不必要的文字。33. opponent n. 敌手，对手He was assailed by his political opponent.他遭到政敌的攻击。He is slashing wildly at his opponent with a sword.他正用剑疯狂地朝对手乱砍。34. opportunity n. 机会，时机You must grasp this opportunity.你必须抓住机会。The opportunity has not yet arrived.时机尚未成熟。35. orchestra n. 管弦乐队词义辨析：orchestra, bandorchestra: 指规模大、最为完整的交响乐队，可演奏各种不同音乐，一般由弦乐、木管乐、铜管乐和打击乐所组成。band: 指主要由铜管乐、木管乐和打击乐所组成的乐队，主要演奏轻音乐和流行乐曲，与orchestra的主区别在于没有弦乐。The orchestra has several concert engagements.这管弦乐队已安排好几场音乐会。36. semester n. 学期;半年词义辨析：term, semesterterm: term多用于英国。semester: 主要在美国、德国使用。This semester will be my last one in this university.这个学期将是我在这所大学的最后一学期了。37. semiconductor n. 半导体This is a semiconductor integrated circuit.这是一个半导体集成电路。38. seminar n. 研讨会The old professor had presided over a seminar for theoretical physicists.老教授主持了一次理论物理学家的研讨会。39. terminal a. 末端的，极限的 n. 终点From the terminal building Keycase returned to the parking lot.奇开斯从终点大楼回到停车。Ill keep with you to the bus terminal.我陪你到公共汽车终点站。40. territory n. 领土Angola was once a Portuguese territory.安哥拉曾经是葡萄牙的领土。41. award vt. 授予，判给 n. 奖品，奖金The university awarded him an honorary degree.这所大学授给他名誉学位。The judge awarded costs to the defendant. 法官判由原告向被告支付诉讼费。It is the highest award a producer can receive.这是一个制作人所能获得的最高奖项。42. aware a. 意识到Then he became aware that they were regarding him with interest.这时,他意识到他们都在饶有兴趣地看着他。43. column n. 柱，圆柱;栏，专栏The column is surmounted by a statue.柱顶上树立了一尊雕像。The temple is supported by massive columns.此庙由粗大的柱子支撑。And in this column, you write down everything in the parcel.在这一栏里,您要写上包裹里每一件东西。He used to write a column for this newspaper.他过去曾为这家报纸写专栏文章。44. comedy n. 喜剧(反义词：tragedy)This comedy has had them rolling in the aisles for two weeks.这出喜剧让观众们连续两个星期乐得前仰后合。45. dumb a. 哑的;沉默的Shes been dumb from birth.她生来就是哑巴。We were struck dumb with horror and grief.惊恐和忧伤使我们哑口无言。46. dump vt. 倾卸，倾倒Some people just dump their rubbish in the river.有些人径直往河里倒垃圾。47. deaf a. 聋的;不愿听的Hes a deaf mute and cannot tell anyone secret.他是个聋哑人，不会把他们的秘密告诉任何人。He is always deaf to his teachers advice.他总是对他老师的忠告充耳不闻。48. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜We decorated the house for Christmas.我们装饰房屋过圣诞节。The house was empty and easy to decorate.房子是空的，装修起来很容易。49. principal a. 最重要的 n. 负责人，校长My principal concern is my familys welfare.我至为关心的是我一家的幸福。When I came into the office, the principal rose to welcome me.当我走进办公室时,校长起身欢迎我。50. principle n. 原则，原理Archimedes ,a great physicist ,discovered the principle of floating bodies .阿基米德，一位伟大的物理学家，发现了浮体原理。We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly.我们坚持人人都应该被平等对待这一原则。51. release vt. /n. 释放，排放;解释解脱The prisoner was questioned before his release.囚犯被释放之前受到了审问。The puffball is ready to release its spores. 尘菌已经要释放孢子了。52. exaggerate v. 夸大，夸张The seriousness of the situation has been much exaggerated by the press.形势的严重性被报纸夸大了。53. evil a. 邪恶的，坏的The book gives, as it were, a picture of the evil old society.这本书可谓是展现过去那个邪恶社会的图画。54. shrink vi. 起皱，收缩;退缩Will this woolen sweater shrink when washed?这件羊毛衫洗后会缩水吗?We will never shrink from difficulties.我们在困难面前决不退缩。55. subtract v. 减(去)Please subtract a quarter of the money for your own use.请扣除四分之一的钱由你自己支配使用。56. suburb n. 市郊The factory is located in the suburb.那家工厂坐落于郊区。57. subway n. 地铁I want to get there by subway.我想乘地铁去那儿。58. survey n. /vt. 调查，勘测A recent survey of public opinions shows that most people are worried about the increasing crime.一份最近的民意调查表明,大多数人对不断增长的犯罪率表示忧虑。They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm.他们调查了暴风雨造成的损失。59. wealthy a. 富裕的Shes an attractive woman, and wealthy to boot.她是个很有魅力的女人，而且很富有。60. adjust v. 调整，调节Could you teach me how to adjust the iris of the camera?你能教我怎么调照相机的光圈吗?61. domestic a. 本国的，国内的;家用的;家庭的Washington responded by freezing the price of domestic oil.华盛顿作出的反应是冻结国内的石油价格。The store deals in objects of domestic utility. 那家商店出售家庭用品。62. constant a. 不变的，恒定的 n. 常数In our world nothing seems constant.在我们这个世界上似乎没有东西是永恒不变的。The speed of light is an important constant.光速是一个重要的常数。63. cliff n. 悬崖，峭壁He couldnt find a hold on the cliff.他在悬崖上找不到一个可以站住脚的地方。The narrow path zigzags up the cliff.这条狭窄的小径曲曲折折地向峭壁伸延。64. authority n. 权威;当局We see him as an authority on the subject.我们把他看作为这方面的权威。The new building must be financed by the local authority.新大楼的建筑资金必须由地方当局提供。65. audio a. 听觉As with visual feedback, computer games tend to excel at positive audio feedback.和视觉反馈一样，计算机游戏擅长于正面听觉反馈。66. attitude n. 态度She shows a very positive attitude to her work.她工作态度非常积极。67. community n. 社区，社会Community colleges have become popular and their enrollments have increased rapidly.社区大学日渐增多，报名人数迅速增长。The welfare of the community is the same as the welfare of its members.社会的福利就等于其成员的福利。68. commit vt. 犯(错误，罪行等)，干(坏事等)They committed outrages on innocent citizens.他们对无辜的市民犯下了暴行。69. comment n. /vt. 评论He made no comments on our proposal.他对我们的建议没有作评论。He commented that it was an excellent film.他评论这电影很精彩。70. distinguish vt. 区分，辨别Its important to distinguish fact from fiction.把现实与虚构区分开来是很重要的。We should distinguish between right and wrong.我们应辨别是非。四级高频词汇及讲解（27）71. naval a. 海军的It was unable to turn around at the West end of Chambers Field at the Norfolk Naval Station.它是不能在诺福克海军的车站室领域的西繁华区回过头的。 72.navigation n. 航行Navigation is difficult on this river because of the hidden rocks.因为河上有暗礁，所以在这条河上航行很困难。73.necessity n. 必需品;必要性Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是发明之母。Water is of vital necessity in the desert.在沙漠地区水是维持生命的必需品。74. previous a. 先，前，以前的It happened previous to his arrival there.事件发生于他到那儿以前。You must collect enough materials previous to your writing.你在写作之前必须收集好足够的材料。75. provision n. pl. 给养，口粮;准备，设备，装置We set out with enough provisions.我们带上足够的食品出发了。76. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;从事，进行Everyone has the freedom to pursue their dreams.每个人都有追求各自梦想的自由。She wishes to pursue a medical career.她希望从事医学工作。77.stale a. 不新鲜的，陈腐的He always bought two loaves of stale bread.他总是要买两个不新鲜的面包。The males think the females have talent for telling stale tales.男人认为女人有讲陈腐故事的才能。78. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 代替Water is not a proper substitute for wine.水不是酒的适当代用品。Only art can substitute for nature.唯有艺术能代替自然。79. deserve vt. 应受，应得，值得He has done nothing to deserve death.他没做过该受死刑的事。You deserve a reward for being so helpful.你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。These proposals deserve careful study.这些建议值得认真研究。80. discrimination n. 歧视;辨别力We should not have racial discrimination.我们不该有种族歧视。You should rely on your own discrimination.你应该相信自己的眼力。81. distress n. 痛苦，悲伤 vt. 使痛苦I pray that you will have pity on my distress.求你可怜可怜我的不幸遭遇。He couldnt distress her with his own terrible dilemma. 他不能用自己糟糕的困境来折磨她。82. facility n. pl. 设备，设施;便利，方便The college has excellent sporting facilities.这所学院有极好的体育设备。Certainly geothermometry will be used with greater facility in sub-soil exploration and in detecting migrant fluids.可以肯定，地热测量法在地下勘探和测试运移流体方面更便于使用。83. faculty n. 能力，技能;系，学科，学院;全体教员This boy has a faculty of making friends easily.这个男孩有交友的能力。He is the dean of the Faculty of Medicine.他是医学院院长。Both faculty and students oppose the measures.全体教师和学生都反对这种方法。84. mixture n. 混合，混合物You need a spoon to beat the mixture smooth.你需要用一把调羹来搅均混合液。Air is a mixture, not a compound of gases.空气是气体的混合物，不是化合物。85. mood n. 心情，情绪;语气the subjunctive mood 虚拟语气Im not in the mood to disagree with you.我没有心思跟你争论。86.moral a. 道德上的，有道德的His behavior transgressed the moral rules of the social conduct.他的行为违背了社会行为的道德准则。87. prominent a. 突出的He is a prominent scholar in the field of linguistics.他是语言学领域的杰出学者。88. substance n. 物质;实质The emery is a hard metallic substance.金刚砂是非常坚硬的金属物质。There is not anything of real substance in their book.他们的书中没有什么实质性的内容。89.substantial a. 可观的;牢固的;实质的Substantial profits accrue when sales take off.当销售额突飞猛进之后，可观的利润就开始自然累积。Those workers have built many substantial buildings in the recent years.近几年那些工人建造了许多坚固的建筑。The reforms have made substantial headway.改革取得了实质的进展。90. prompt vt. 促使 a. 敏捷的，及时的Science and technology has prompted the rapid development of modern society.科学技术推动了现代社会的迅速发展。Thank you for your prompt reply to our telegram.多谢您对我们电报的及时答复。91. debt n. 欠债debt collector 收债人 bad debt 呆账，坏账，死帐 national debt 国债He promised to pay his debt within a month.他保证在1个月内偿还债务。 92. decade n. 十年decade scaling 十进换算Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.在过去十年里，物价一直在上涨。93. enclose vt. 围住;把.装入信封enclose with 附上，将(某物)装入(信封、包裹等中)Farmers often enclose their land with hedges.农夫们常用树篱将他们的地围起来。I enclose herewith two copies of the contract.随函寄上合同副本两份。94. encounter vt. /n. 遭遇，遭到词义辨析：meet, encounter, confront, face, contactmeet: 普通用词，本义指双方或多方从不同方向或相反方向作相对运动，最终相碰(遇)。encounter: 通常指遇到困难或挫折，也指偶然或意外地相遇。confront: 不可避免地，面对面地相遇，也指敢于正视困难或问题。face: 侧重双方静止地面对面，或指充满勇气、信心和决心去正视人或事。contact: 多指通过书信、电话或直接会面和别人联系，口语用词。If both participate, it may be an actual encounter of bodiless consciousness.如果是双向的，这会是一个真实的与灵魂的相见。I encountered an old friend at Rome.我在罗马邂逅了一个老朋友。95. globe n. 地球，世界;地球仪Magellan was the first person to circumnavigate the globe.麦哲伦是第一个环球航行的人。96. global a. 全球的;总的global village 地球村，世界村 global warming 全球气候变暖The green campaign is a global phenomenon.绿色运动是全球性的现象。97. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览I scanned my pocket for change.我仔细查看囗袋找零钱。The doctors gave him an ultrasonic brain scan.医生给他做了脑部超声波扫描检查。Im too busy to read the whole newspaper, I just scan the headline.我太忙了，没法看整份报纸，只是浏览了一下大标题。98. scandal n. 丑事，丑闻A crime or scandal brings much notoriety to those involved in it.罪行或丑闻常使有牵连的人声名狼藉。99. significance n. 意义;重要性He puzzled out the significance of the statement.他解释了这一论断的意义。In modernanthropology, animism as a theory has little significance, other than historical.在现代人类学中，泛灵论作为理论来说，除具有历史意义外，已没有多大意义。100. subsequent a. 随后的，后来的subsequent to 在. 之后, 随后The chairman will be pleased to discuss the matter with you subsequent to lunch.主席很高兴能与你在吃过午餐之后讨论这个事件。Subsequent events proved me wrong.後来发生的事证明我错了。101. adult n. 成年人词义辨析：adult: 一般指生理上的童年期已结束，达到法定年龄。grown-up: 多用于口语，含义与adult基本相同，但更侧重脱离儿童阶段，已成大人，与childish意思相反。mature: 用于生物时，指完全长好了。用于人时，指达到了生命的黄金时期，但所暗示的青少年和成年之间的界限不明显。102. debate n. /v. 辩论，争论词义辨析：debate: 侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩argue: 指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服quarrel: 指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”dispute: 侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩，带一定感情色彩，常隐含“各持已见”或“争论不休”意味103.问题，争论点;发行，(报刊)一期词义辨析：problem: 指客观上存在的、难以处理或难以理解的问题。question: 通常指用口头或书面提出来要求回答或有待讨论解决的问题。 issue: 多指意见能达到一致的问题，但要通过争论或讨论解决。matter: 含义不很具体，暗示人们考虑和关心的事和话题。issue sth to sb/ issue sb sth 发放 at issue 在争论(在争论中) back issue 过期刊物104. capture vt. 俘虏，捕获词义辨析：arrest: 指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留capture: 指通过武力或计谋等，战胜抵抗而捉住敌人或动物catch: 普通用词，指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物，一般指活捉seize: 侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速抓住或捉住trap: 多指诱捕105. interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍词义辨析：interfere 侧重指无权或未获允许而妨碍、阻扰、干涉他人之事。intervene 书面用词，指介入争端，进行调停，也指干涉他人之事。meddle 指干预与自己毫不相关的事或不属于自己职责范围的事，隐含未经许可或授权。可与interfere换用。106. internal a. 内部的，国内的internal medicine 内科医学词义辨析：inner 含义广泛，指事物中心或接近中心的部位，也可指内心隐密的活动。inside 多指处于某物内部或靠近内部，常可与inner换用，可引申指内幕的，秘密的。interior 指某物的内部，尤指某物的内侧，也可指内地的或国内的。internal 书面用词，医学上多用，指事物的内部，也可指国内的或内政的。inward 指朝着中心或内部方向的，侧重方向而不是位置，也可指内心的隐密活动。107. beforehand ad. 预先，事先be beforehand with 预先(提前事前将每一切事都准备好。108. racial a. 人种的;种族的racial prejudice 种族偏见 racial equality 种族平等 racial discrimination种族歧视109. isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立词义辨析：isolate 侧重指完全分离、隔开，也指人或物处于完全孤立的状态。separate 指一般意义上的分开或隔开。segregate 指把一群人或物从整体或主体中分离出来。insulate 指隔开、分离，尤指用某种东西阻挡从里面逃出或从外面进入的东西。作技术用词时，专指用某种绝缘体隔断通路。200.杰出的，突出的，显著的词义辨析：outstanding 通常指与同行或同类的人相比显得优秀或杰出，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。 google_protectAndRun(render_ads.js:google_render_ad, google_handleError, google_render_ad);noticeable 指所描绘的事物引人注意。remarkable 通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。conspi