商英班词根词缀复习资料.doc

SuffixMeaningExamples-ive / ative(in nouns or adjectives) (a person or thing)showing the ability to perform the activity represented by the verb表示有能力实施某一动作的人或物，或具有性质的有作用的relative, representative,active, decorative-tion(in nouns) an action, condition, process or consequence due to action 表示行为、情况、状态、行为的过程、结果，或由行为而产生的事物attention, perception,reduction, description-ousHaving the nature or quality of 有性质的Poisonous, mountainous, glorious, spacious-al(in adjectives) connected withPolitical, magical, verbal, coastal -ent/-ant(in adjectives) that is or does sth. 是的，做的Different, significant, pleasant, expectant-able / ible(adjectives) (a person or having the ability to能够的comfortableacceptablereliableeatable-ly(in adjectives or adverbs)friendly, daily, motherly, manly, deadly, likely, costly, ghostlyquickly, clearly, suddenly, kindly-th(in nouns) an action, state or quality 表示行为、性质、状态、情况width, depth, truth, growth, warmth-ation(-tion 的变体) 表示行为、情况、状态、行为的过程、结果，或由行为而产生的事物 limitation, information, consideration, imagination-ent/-ant(in nouns) a person performing the stated action 表示某一动作的实施者 correspondent, servant, resident, inhabitant(in adjectives) that is or does sth 是 的，做的 different, significant, pleasant, expectant-ment(in nouns) an action or process or its result 表示行为、行为的过程或结果 entertainment, advertisement, movement, statement-ity/-ty(in nouns) a state or quality 表示性质、情况、状态等productivity, activity,morality, certainty-ic(in adjectives) of, like, or connected with a particular thing 的；与有关的scenic, economic,horrific, automatic-al(in adjectives) connected with与有关的political, magical,verbal, coastal-er(in nouns) a person or thing that的人(或物)dancer, foreignercomputer, employer-ness(in nouns) the quality state or character of .的状态/性质/程度competitiveness,openness,happiness, awareness-ity/-ty(in nouns) a state or quality 表示性质、情况、状态等productivity, activity,morality, certainty-ship(in nouns) the state or quality ofOwnership, friendship, membership, citizenship-sion/tion(in nouns) the state or action ofDecision, confession, evasion, admissionPrefixMeaningExamplesun-(in adjectives, adverbs, and nouns) not; the opposite of 不(表示否定、缺乏、相反之意)unfair, unfortunately,unable, unauthorizedin-/im-(in adjectives, adverbs, and nouns) not; the opposite of 不，非，相反的infinite, inaccurate,inability, impolitedis-(in adjectives, adverbs, nouns, and verbs) not; the opposite of 不，非，相反，相对dishonest, disagree,disadvantage, disappearnon-(in nouns, adjectives andadverbs) not 无；没有nonsense, non-profitnon-negotiable, non-existentAffixesMeaningExamplesOver-(in nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs) more than usual, too much 太，过于overcooked,overproduction,overload, over-optimisticinter-(in verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs)between, form one to another 在之间，相互interconnect, international,inter-cultural, interaction练习题 In many counties in Asia, it is common to go out after work and have a meal and a few drinks in order to establish and maintain relationships. (harmony) harmony Telephoning requires special skills as there are a number of obstacles that arise that are to telephoning. (specialize ) specific This lack of visual communication often makes students nervous and thereby hinders their abilities. (communication ) communicative It is important that the company and title be positioned. (prominence ) Prominently Reduce what you are saying to chunks. (manage )Manageable A good degree is a minimum for many jobs. (require) Requirement Office has greatly increased efficiency. (automatic) automation The of our restaurant is roasted duck. (special) Specialty We need to carry out some to the system. (improve) Improvements Have you got a product of this ? (special) Specification The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a . (prior) Priority If he forgot to pay his rent, his landlady would send him a . (remind) Reminder He has won wide in the field of telecommunication technology. (recognize) Recognition A lot of people make the that poverty does not exist in the developed countries. (assume) Assumption 1. Spect, spic= look, see,看 aspect容貌；方面（a加强意义+spect看的东西） circumspect a慎重的（circum周围+spect看周围） circumspection 慎重；细心 expect 期待，盼望（ex出+spect看出去期待） inspect 检查；视察（in内+spect看进去视察） perspective n 看法；眼界；透视（per全部+spect+ive全部看到透视，看法） prospect展望，前景（pro向前+spect向前看展望） prospective a 将来的（prospect前景+ive) prospectus 计划书；大纲（pro+spect+us向前看的东西） respect v/n 尊敬（re再+spect再看一眼尊敬） respectable 可敬的（respect+able) respectful 充满敬意的（respect+ful)2.一ced, ceed, cess=go,表示“行走，前进” proceed继续进行，前进l process过程；进行l succeed成功；继续l precede在先，优于l ancestor祖先；祖宗l ced, ceed, cess=go,表示“行走，前进”l cede割让，放弃（cede走走开割让）l accede答应，同意（ac+cede和别人走在一起答应）l antecede先行，先于（ante前cede走在前面先行）l concession让步；退位l intercede调停；仲裁（inter在中间cede在二者中间走）l procedure程序；手续（pro在前ced+ure在前面走完的程序）l recede撤回；交还（领土）（re后cede向后走撤退）l secede脱离；退出（se分开cede分开走脱离）l excess过度，过剩l access接近；入口l accessible能接近的；可进去的l success成功；胜利l successive连续的l recess休息；隐居（re回cess走回去休息）l recession撤退；交还（recess+ion走回去撤退）二cap, capt, cept ,ceive, cip, cup=take, hold, seize, 表示“拿，抓，握住”Receive Perceive Deceive Conceive 三GULFl engulf v 吞噬overwhelml 【记】gulf（n 海湾-隔阂，分歧 vt 吞没）l en进入，gulfgolf高尔夫的球洞：吞噬高尔夫球“四Al 1）表示“无，非，缺乏”l acentric 无中心的，离心的l It is the acentric pump we need.l 这就是我们要的离心泵。l asocial 不好社交的l Are they asocial ?l 他们不喜欢社交吗？l amoral 非道德性的l The film was violent and amoral.l 这部电影非常暴力并且无视道德标准。l apolitical 不关政治的，与政治无关的l He used to be totally apolitical.l 他过去完全不问政治。l asymmetry 不对称的l atypical非典型的l You have taken an atypical case.l 你举的例子不是典型的。l 2）表示“在之上”l aside 在边上l I stepped aside so that she might come in.l 我往旁边走一步,以便她能进来。l afield 在田野上，在战场上l Many soldiers are fighting for the countries afield.l 许多士兵们为了国家上战场。l ashore 在岸上l Whered you spend your first night ashore?l 你在岸上的第一个晚上是在哪里过的？l abed 在床上l Each morning they lay abed till the breakfast-bell.l 每天早晨他们都躺在床上直到早餐铃响。l atop 在顶上l There is a seagull perched atop the mast.l 有一只海鸥停歇在桅杆上。l 3）表示“的”l abloom开着花的l All the flowers in the park are abloom in spring.l 春天，公园里百花盛开。l awash 被淹没的；泛滥的l These rocks are awash at high tide.l 这些礁石在涨潮时被海水淹没。l alive 活的l asleep 睡着的l He fell asleep as soon as he touched the pillow.l 他脑袋一碰枕头就睡着了。The integration of the global economy is such that no one anywhere is insulated.全球经济一体化达到了这种程度，世界各地没有人与世隔绝。五Nov=new“新的”l novel a 新奇的n. 小说（nov+el)l novelty n 新奇事情（novel+ty)l nova n 新星（now+a表示物体新天体）l novation n 更替；更新（now+ation)l novice n 新手（now+ice表示人）l innovate v 革新，改革（in进入+nov+ate)l innovation n (制度等）革新（innovate+ion)l renovate v 翻新（re重新+nov+ate重新翻新）l renovation n 翻新，修理（renovate+ion)六 flect,flex=bend,表示“弯曲” l deflect偏斜，打歪（de偏离+flect偏离弯曲偏斜）l deflection n 偏向，偏斜（deflect+ion)l genuflect v下跪（genu膝盖+flect膝盖弯下跪）l inflect v 使弯曲；词尾变化（in使+flect使弯曲，引申为单词后面变化)l inflection n 词尾变化（inflect+ion)l reflect n 反射；沉思（re反+flect_弯曲返回反射）l reflection n 反射；思考（reflect+ion)l reflective a 反射的；深思的（reflect+ive)l flex v 弯曲l flexible 易弯曲的； 灵活的（flex弯曲+ible能的）l inflexible a 不弯的，不屈的（in不+flexible不弯曲的；不灵活的）l deflex v 偏斜；转向（+deflect)l inflex v 内折，内曲（in向内+flex)七。l peninsula n 半岛（pen接近+insula接近岛屿象岛屿半岛）l insular a 岛国的；偏狭的（insul+ar）l insulate v 隔离；使绝缘（insul+ate变成岛的状态偏离）l insulin n 胰岛素（insul+in表示“素”，如；penicillin青霉素）八Word Formation Learning Suffixl Learning some knowledge about Word Formation can be very helpful for you to guess the meaning of a new word in a passage. l Suffix is an affix added to the end of a word or stem, serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending. 练习题：l She has a childlike enthusiasm and . (direct)l directnessl There has been an on content rather than methodology. (emphasis)l overemphasisl This will increase public of the pollution issue. (conscious)l consciousnessl It was that led to his failure. (overconfidence)l Overconfidencel Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of . (concentrate)l concentrationl People from other countries may experience difficulty with communication because of different cultural expectations. (verbal)l Non-verball 2. Please describe the operation of the system in l language so that high school students could understand it. (professional)l unprofessionall It is what his role in the company will be, and thats what he is worrying about. (certain)l uncertainl We will not hire an inexperienced or applicant. (mature)l Immaturel . His casual behavior was wholly for such a formal occasion. (appropriate)l Inappropriatel Leave out details and get to the point. (important)l unimportantl He was totally of the trouble he had caused until he was fired. (aware)l unawareFill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word given.l 1. varyl (1) The medical tests showed some in the babys heart rate.l variationl (2) My taste in classical music widely, but I usually prefer Mozart or Brahms.l variesl (3) The author gave reasons for having written the book.l variousl (4) Work on the production line is monotonous (单调的) and lacks .l varietyReceive l (1) Lund was the first female of an artificial heart.l recipientl (2) She picked up the and dialed his phone number.l receiverl (3) You have been in of unemployment benefit for two months.l receiptl (4) Members of Parliament a 4.2% pay increase this year.l receivedPresent l (1) The of prizes and certificates will take place in the main hall.l presentationl (2) He the report to his colleagues at the meeting.l presentedl (3) Hes usually quite polite in my .l presencel (4) BBC News is reporting the death of Yorkshire Television Richard Whitely.l Presenter longl She to see him again.l longedl (2) He who laughs last, laughs .l longestl (3) She gazed at the cakes in the shop window.l longinglyl (4) He is unable to concentrate on his work for any of time.l LengthComplete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.l 1. A good degree is a minimum for many jobs. (require)l requirementl 2. Office has greatly increased efficiency. (automatic)l automationl 3. The of our restaurant is roasted duck. (special)l specialtyl 4. We need to carry out some to the system. (improve)l Improvementsl It is to his that he lacks initiative. (advantage)l disadvantagel The year 2008 is because she married in this year. (ordinary)l unordinary l We will provide high quality and professional service for our clients with independent, and just attitude. (personal)l impersonall His conduct with his words, so now nobody believes in his. (agree)l Disagrees l Have you got a product of this ? (special)l Specificationl The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a . (prior)l priorityl You need to think about comfort and when choosing walking shoes. (practical)l practicalityl If he forgot to pay his rent, his landlady would send him a . (remind) reminder十一creed,cred=believe,trust, “相信,信任”l creed n 信条；纲领（creed 相信信条）l credo n 信条（creed的变体）l credential n 凭据;（pl)国书（cred+ential表形容词或名词让人相信的东西凭据）l credit n 信任；学分（cred+it表名词）l creditable 可以信任的（credit相信+able能的）l credible a 可靠的，可信的（cred 相信+ible能的）l accredit委任；信任（ac给予+credit给予相信）l discredit 不信任，怀疑（dis不+credit相信）l credulous 轻信的（cred+ulous多的相信太多）l incredulous 不轻信的 Spect,= look, see“看” l aspect样子，容貌；方面（a加强意义+spect看的东西）l circumspect 慎重的（circum周围+spect看周围）l expect 期待，盼望（ex出+spect看出去期待）l inspect 检查；视察（in内+spect看进去视察）l perspective 看法；眼界；透视（per全部+spect+ive全部看到透视，看法）l prospect 展望，前景（pro向前+spect向前看展望）l respect 尊敬（re再+spect再看一眼尊敬）l retrospect 回顾，回想（retro向后+spect看向后看）l suspect 怀疑（sus下面+spect在下面看怀疑）l suspicion 怀疑（sus+spic+ion在下面看怀疑）l spectacle 奇观；状观；（spect+acle复）眼镜l spectacular a 奇妙的；惊人的l spectator 观众，旁观者（spect+ator人看的人观众）十二 tail=cut，表示“剪，割” tailor n 裁缝l curtail 缩短；削减（cur短+tail减短，参考；curt简短失礼的）l detail 琐事；详情（de加强+tail不断剪下去琐事）l retail 零售（re再+tail再监一次零售）l entail使承担，把遗传给（en使+tail把剪下的东西给别人）十三。dict,dic=say,assert, “说话，断言”l dictate v 口授；命令；听写l diction n 措词；词语的选择l dictionary n 字典l dictum格言；断言（dict+um说出的话）l benediction 祝福（bene好+dict说+ion ）l malediction 恶言；诅咒（male坏+dict+ion）l contradict n反驳；否认（contra反+dict）l contradictory 矛盾的，对立的l edict n 法令；布告（e 出+dict说）l jurisdiction 司法权（juris 司法+dict+ion）l predict v 预言；预告（pre预先+dict)l indict v 起诉，控诉（in进去+dict进去说起诉）l indictment n 起诉，控诉（indict+ment)l abdicate 放弃；退位（ab离开+dic 说，命令不再命令）l dedicate 献身于，致力于（de加强+dic说+ate再说）l indicate v指示；表示（in进入+dicate说进去）l vindicate 辩护；拥护（vin力量+dic说+ate用力量说）l addict 耽溺，上瘾（ad一再+dict说说了还说耽溺）l interdict 禁止n. 禁令（inter在中间+ dict在中间说，不让做）l valediction 告别赠言（vale再见+dict +ion 说再见）l verdict 裁判，判决（ver真实+dict说真实话裁决）l predicate 断定，认定（pre+dic+ate预先说断定）十四flat=blow，表示“吹” l inflate v 充气，膨胀（in进+flat+e吹气进去）l inflation n 充气；通货膨胀l deflate v 放气；紧缩（de去掉+flat+e出气放气）l deflation n 放气；通货紧缩l conflation n 合并，合成（con一起+flat+ion吹到一起合并）l fiatus n 气息；一阵风（flat+us表名词，如：locus地点）十五。 tort = twist 表示“扭曲”l torsion 扭转力（tors=tort+ion）l torture 折磨，拷问（tort+ure扭曲别人折磨）l tortuous 曲折的（tort+uous弯曲的）l contort 拧弯；曲解（con全部+tort全部扭曲拧弯）l distort 曲解（dis坏+tort扭坏了曲解）l distortion 歪曲（distort+ion）l extort 强夺（ex出+tort强扭出来强夺）l extortion 强夺，勒索l retort反驳；报复（re回+tort返回来扭反驳）l torment 苦恼；拷问（tor=tort+ment扭的状态拷问：苦恼）十六creed,cred=believe,trust, “相信,信任”l creed n 信条；纲领（creed 相信信条）l credo n 信条（creed的变体）l credential n 凭据;（pl)国书（cred+ential表形容词或名词让人相信的东西凭据）l credit n 信任；学分（cred+it表名词）l creditable 可以信任的（credit相信+able能的）l credible a 可靠的，可信的（cred 相信+ible能的）l accredit委任；信任（ac给予+credit给予相信）l discredit 不信任，怀疑（dis不+credit相信）l credulous 轻信的（cred+ulous多的相信太多）l incredulous 不轻信的十七gen,gener,genit =birth produce “出生，产生”l generate 产生；发电（genner+ate 产生电等）l generation 产生；一代（(generate+ion)l generator n 发电机；生殖者l regenerate 再生，重生（re再+generate)l general 普通的n.总论（gener+al出生一般普通的）l generalization n 一般化（general+ization)l generous 慷慨的；丰富的（gener+ous不断产生丰富的，慷慨的）l generosity慷慨（gener+osity多的状态多产生慷慨）l degenerate 堕落；衰退（de坏+gener+ate往坏产生堕落）l degenerative 退化的；变坏的（degenerate+ive)l genesis 起源，创始（gen+esis名词后缀）l genetic 基因的，遗传学的（gen+etic来自gene基因）l genus 种类，类属（gen+us生出来就出现不同种类）l generic科属的（gen+eric,来自genus种类）l genuine真正的，纯正的（genu+ine产生来源清楚）l ingenuous 天真的；老实的（in内+genu+ous产生自内心）l genius 天才（geni+us生出就有天才）l ingenious 聪明的； 有创造力的（ in内+geni+ous）l eugenics 优生学（eu好+gen+ics产生好的优生学）l pathogeny 病原学（patho病+geny产生病病原学）l congenial 意气相投的（con共同+gen+ial产生共同兴趣情投意合的）l congenital与生俱来的（con共同+gen+ital与生俱来）l primogenitor始祖，祖先（primo最初+genit+or）l progeny子孙，后代（pro向前+geny向前产生）l genial 和蔼的；愉快的（gen+ial产生感情的和蔼的）l indigenous土产的，土著的（indi内部+gen+ous内部产生）l heterogeneous不同的（hetero异+gen+eous产生不同的）l homogeneous 同种的（homo同+gen+eous产生相同的）l genre 类型；流派（通常指文学等类型）l genteel 高雅的；有礼貌的（gent+eel出身好的）l engender 产生（en使+gender产生使产生）十八fac,fic=face,表示“脸，面” l face n 脸l facet 平面；（东西的）一面（fac+et像脸的一面）l facetious轻浮的，开不正经玩笑的（ facet表面+ious做表面化轻浮的）l preface 前言，序言（pre前面+face前脸前言）l surface 表面（sur在上面+face在脸上表面）l deface 毁坏；诽谤（de弄坏+face把脸面弄坏毁坏）l efface擦掉；消除（ef出+face把脸上的东西弄出去）ineffaceable不能消除的，抹不掉的superficial 肤浅的；表面的（super在上+fic=fac脸+ial在脸上面肤浅的）十九penta-表示“五” Pentagon 五角形；五角大楼（penta+gon角） Pentagram 五角星形（penta+gram写，图五角形图形） Pentoxide 五氧化物（penta+oxide氧化物） 二十。octa-表示“八”（亦作octo） octagon八角形（octa+gon角） octolateral八边的（octo+lateral边的） 二十一。quadri-, quadru-表示“四” quadrangle四角形（quadr+angle角） quadricycle四轮车（quadri+cycle轮子） quadrilateral四边的（quadri+lateral边） 二十二。Ennea-九的l Enneagon n.数九角形, 九边形l Enneahedron n.数九面体