高级英语授课教案.doc

高级英语授课教案授课对象：英语专业三、四年级学生 授课专业：英语专业 标题Book 1 Lesson 2 Hiroshimathe Liveliest” City in Japan教学目的1. To know the background of “The City of Hiroshima”2. To grasp the main idea and the theme of this essay3. To appreciate the writing style and rhetorical devices of this passage4. To understand the structure of the text5. To learn to paraphrase the long and difficult sentences教学重点与难点1. What is a narration?2. Background information 3. Discourse analysis4. Some useful words and expressions5. Rhetorical devices-Irony & Anti-Climax6. Exercises教学方法与手段1. CLT & TBLT2. Explanation3. Discussion4. Exemplification作业布置ex. on page 20-26 教学安排6 periods (270 minutes)1. Background information 1) The city of Hiroshima 2) The Atomic explosion 3) Postwar Hiroshima 2. Introduction to the passage 1) Genre analysis of the text 2) Structural analysis of the text 3) The main idea of the text 3. Detailed study of the text Words and some long and difficult sentences for paraphrase 4. Rhetorical devices Irony Anti-climax Metaphor Alliteration5. Topics for discussion6. Assignment 参考书目1. 丁往道. 英语写作手册. 外语教学与研究出版社，2000.4.2. 范家材. 英语修辞赏析. 上海: 上海交大出版，1998.12.3. 马洵. 英语名篇精品. 天津大学出版社，2000.4. 秦秀白. 英语语体和文体要略. 上海外语教育出版社，2002.4.5. 王立礼. 高级英语（修订本）教师参考书，第一册. 外语教学与研究出版社, 1995.6.6. 张汉熙，王立礼. 高级英语（修订本），第一册. 外语教学与研究出版社， 1995.6.7. 张鑫友.高级英语（修订版）学习指南，第一册. 湖北人民出版社，2000.8. 8. 姚兰. 高级英语精读精解. 西南交通大学出版社，2004.Unit 2 Hiroshima-“The liveliest” City in Japan(excerpts)By Jacques Danvoir Background Information1. Hiroshima n The A-bomb destroyed almost everything within a radius of 6000 to 8000 feet (1830-2450 meters) and killed 71000+people.n Many more people later died of injuries and the effects of radiation.n Survivors are still dying of leukemia, pernicious anemia and other diseases induced by radiation.n Almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.n After the war, the Japanese dedicated post-war Hiroshima to peace.n The ruins of the Institute of Industrial Development, with its warped dome, were preserved as a symbol of the terror of destruction.n Peace Park was built.n A special hospital was set up.n The city now is an important producer of iron and steel, motor vehicles, tractors, ships, machinery, sewing needles, paper, textiles, and food products.Hiroshima：a seaport, capital of Hiroshima prefecture in southwest Japan. Population (1970):541,834.The city was founded in 1594 on six islands in the ta River delta. Hiroshima grew rapidly as a castle town and commercial city, and after 1868 it was developed as a military center. On Aug.6, 1945, Hiroshima was the first city to be struck by an atomic bomb, dropped by the U.S air force. According to U.S. estimates 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed or missing as a result of the bomb and many more were made homeless. The blast also destroyed more than 10 sq km (4 sq mi) of the city, completely destroying 68 percent of Hiroshimas buildings; another 24 percent were damaged. Every August 6th, since 1947, thousands participate in interfaith services in the Peace Memorial Park built on the site where the bomb exploded. In 1949 the Japanese dedicated Hiroshima as an international shrine of peace. After the war, the city was largely rebuilt, and commercial activities were resumed. Machinery, automobiles, food processing, and the brewing of sake are the main industries. The surrounding area, although mountainous, has fertile valleys where silk, rice, and wheat are produced. Since 1955, an annual world conference against nuclear weapons has met in Hiroshima. 2. The Atomic Explosion 2.1 Some important dates during the Second World War.l Sept.1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland. France and Britain declared war on Germany, immediately, officially beginning World War II. l Jun.22, 1941 Germany invaded USSR.l Dec. 7, 1941 Germany attacked Pearl Harbour, bringing the U.S. to the war.l Sept. 1943 Italy surrenderedl May. 7, 1945 Germany surrendered unconditionallyl Aug. 6, 1945 the first A-bomb exploded in Hiroshima l Aug. 8, 1945 USSR. declared war on Japan and occupied Manchurial Aug. 9, 1945 the dropping of the second A-bomb on Nagasakil Aug. 14, 1945 Japan announced its surrender2.2 The bombing of Hiroshima- “Little Boy” At 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, by order of President Truman, the first Atomic bomb, nicknamed Little Boy was exploded over a point near the centre of Hiroshima, destroying almost everything with a radius of 830-1,450 meters. (Little Boy left Fat Man right )The damage beyond this area was considerable, and over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation. Casualties numbered nearly 130,000.survivors still dying of leukemia, pernicious anemia and other diseases induced by radiation almost 98 % of the buildings destroyed or severely damaged3. Postwar Hiroshima ruin of the Institute of Industrial Development preserved as a symbol of terror of destructionPeace Park laid out nearby including a cenotaph memorializing the victims and a museum housing the relicsa special hospital built to treat radiation victim and to conduct research into its effectsl Hiroshimal Nagasakil Tokyo东京l Osaka大阪l Hokkaido北海道l Kyushu九州l Honshu本州l Kyoto京都l Yokohama横滨l Sendai仙台l Kagoshima鹿儿岛l Sapporo札幌l Kobe神户l Okinawa 冲绳l Shikoku四国l Nagoya名古屋l the Ginza 银座l tempura 日式火锅 l sake 酒l sakura 樱花l sushi 寿司l kimono 和服l judo 柔道l tatami 榻榻米l karate 空手道l kabuki 歌舞伎l kakemono条幅，字画l tsunami 海啸l ikebana 插花l tycoon大亨；大企业家l sumo相扑l Mikado天皇l Gobang五子棋Words from JapaneseIntroduction to the passage1. Genre analysis of the textNarrationl The telling of a story.l A good narration has a beginning, a middle and an end. l In a narrative writing, the actions or the incidents, events are generally presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings. It is called to be in chronological order.l But it can also start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings. This is called flashbackThree basic components of a narration:l Plot: the frame of the writing, which consists of a series of events. There are usu. one or several climaxes, the highest point of the story, with suspensions, conflicts, to arouse the interest of the audience. After the climax is reached, the story quickly moves to a conclusion.l Characters: the leading character is called the hero or protagonist.l Background: the time and place of the storyl The plot usually dominates narration, however, some narratives focus on character or theme or atmosphere.Characteristics of radio report:l authenticity and objectivity 2. Structural analysis of the text:Part I: The authors arrival at Hiroshima Part II: The authors ride to the City Hall of Hiroshima Part III. The meeting with the mayor of Hiroshima Part IV. The visit to the hospital 3. The main idea of the textThe author, as an American journalist or reporter, was invited to Japan by the mayor of Hiroshima to gather some material about Hiroshima today. The city is quite different from the other cities of Japan because it had been greatly damaged by an atomic bomb dropped by an air force of America during WWII. So the author shows deep sympathy for the people in H. But out of his expectation, he found things in H. seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities, and the people there had no sad thoughts on their minds. It seemed that they all live their happy lives. Therefore, the author uses the word “liveliest” to describe it for the sake of sarcasm or irony. First the author describes his feelings of guilt towards H. Then he describes Japanese people from his point of view and tells us the impression they give him. He raises a problem that exists in Japan-the struggle between the east and the west, or the old and the new by using two comparisons: one is between kimono and miniskirt, people with kimonos rub shoulders with those in western dress; the other is between old traditional houses and skyscrapers, that is, the old traditional houses floating in canal and those high buildings exist at the same time.Detailed study of the text 1. Questions for students to do discussion:1) Why is the word “liveliest” put in quotation marks?(the liveliest city: the word liveliest is out in quotation marks to show that this is what the city is said to be and the writer perhaps considers it ironic to use the word liveliest to describe the city that had been atomized)2) What information about the author can you obtain from the first paragraph and the rest of the text?l The author was a reporter.l The author was hired on a reportorial mission.l Hiroshima was not the authors 1st assignment in Japan.l The author didnt understand Japanese.l The author was preoccupied with some sad thoughts.l The author was quite emotional (sentimental).l The author might be American.l The author was male.3) Did he ask the questions? What might be the questions he had prepared to ask?4) What is the theme, tone of the text?Theme- the terrible effect of nuclear weapons upon people and their lives. Tone - bitter, upset, sad, ironic2. Language points:1. The word “liveliest” is put in quotation marks. The writer perhaps considers it ironic or sarcastic to use the word “liveliest” to describe acity that had been damaged by an atomic bomb. (Pun,双关)2. slip to a stop: came to a stop smoothly and effortlessly, in a gliding manner l The soap slipped out of my hand.l You are not going to let a wonderful chance like that slip through your fingers, are you?l The fish slipped out of my hand.l Well slip into the velvet gloveslide, slip, glide Slide implies accelerated motion without loosing contact wit the slippery surface. Eg. A boat slides through the water.Time slides by.slide into bad habitsSlip often suggests involuntary rather than voluntary, sometimes even definitely implying a loss of footing and a fall. Eg. He slipped on the ice.Glide, rather close to slide, means to move smoothly, quietly and continuously as is characteristic of dances. Eg. Plan glided down to the airfield.The years glided past.3. lump in (ones) throat: a feeling of pressure in the throat caused by repressed emotion I was choked with emotion; I was so overcome with emotion that I could not speak or think clearly.on ones mind-occupying ones thoughts, esp. as a source of worry troubling ones thoughts, causing anxiety, unhappiness. Eg: His failure weighs heavily on his mind. He has got too much on his mind to worry about your problem. I am glad you want to talk about this. Its been on my mind for weeks.a lot of sad thoughts on my mind: I was troubled about some sad events; I was occupied withsome sad thoughts.in ones mind: think about, think of4. The very act of stepping on this soil any reportorial assignment Id previously taken1) Act vs Action Action refers primarily to the process of acting; act to the result, the things done. An action is usually regarded as occupying some time and involving more than one step; an act is more frequently thought of as momentary of instantaneous and as individual. Eg.n The rescue of a shipwrecked crew is a heroic action while the launching of the lifeboat, a brave act.n a course of action2) on this soil: on this land, on this earth, groundThe word SOIL conveys a strong emotion, it is an emotive word.A person in exile comes back to his motherland, he kneels down to kiss the soil.Here it suggests the emotion of the author. He thinks his country is responsible for the A-bomb destruction. He is preoccupied. He has the feeling of atoning (making repayment) for the crime.5. Was I not at the scene of the crime? Rhetorical questions are usually asked only for effect, as to emphasize a point, no answerbeing expected- I was now at the place where the first A-bomb was droppedMore examples:l Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?l (This in Caesar did not seem ambitious.)l What business is it of yours? You mind your own business.l Isnt it a fact well known to everybody?l (It is a fact well known to everybody.)6. Preoccupation: a matter that takes up all ones attentionpreoccupied adj. preoccupy v. preoccupation n. Be preoccupied with/by: filled with thoughts or holding the interests almost completely esp.so that not enough attention is given to other matters. Eg.l She found his preoccupation with money irritating.l Mishaps due to preoccupation will be upsetting.l Health worries preoccupied him for the whole holiday.l He answered me in a rather preoccupied manner.l She seemed preoccupied all the time I was talking to her.7. rub shoulders with: (informal) meet and mix with (people) Eg:l He said he would like to rub shoulders with ordinary people.l He rubbed shoulders with TV stars at the party.l Men and women of assorted ages and degrees of prosperity rub elbows and exchange opinions.l This is not the sort of club where the great rub shoulders with the humbles.8. oblivious of (to):lacking conscious awareness; unmindful, forgetful eg:l I am oblivious of my former failure.l I was oblivious of my surroundings.l The speaker ground on, oblivious of his listeners boredom.l Devoid of scruples; oblivious to or contemptuous of what is right or honorable.- Serious looking men were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the crowds about them.9. bob: to move up and down quickly and repeatedly eg:l Her rucksack bobbed gently on her back10. faade: the front or face of a building, a showy misrepresentation intended to conceal something unpleasant eg:l The house has a stone faade.l The guard stood at the ornate facade of the Palace. l Her honesty was all a faadel If you look carefully, you can see through Bobs facade.l But this was only half the story, the facade, as it were11. grocery store: a store where tea, butter, sugar, tinned food & suchhousehold requirements as soap and soap powder are sold.12. grin: to draw back the lips and reveal the teeth, in a smile, grimace, or snarl; it intends to imply naive cheerfulness l smile: The corners of your mouth move outwards and slightly upwards. He smiles his consent./with satisfaction. l laugh: To make a noise to show ones amusement and happiness. You can laugh at a joke or at an amusing sight. You can laugh at someone without being amused. They all laughed loudly. l grin: To smile with the teeth. The boy grinned from ear to ear when I gave him a sweet. l chuckle: To laugh quietly. I could hear him chuckling to himself as he readthat funny article. l giggle: To laugh repeatedly foolishly and uncontrollably, esp. by girls. I heard them giggle when I passed by the girls. l snicker: To laugh in a disrespectful more or less secret way. On hearing his absurd opinion, I went snickering. l simper: To smile in a silly unnatural way. When I told him the thing, he simply simpered. l smirk: To smile in a false or too satisfied way. He smirked at everyone that passed. l titter: To laugh very quietly from nervousness or badly controlled amusement. The girls tittered when they heard this. l guffaw: To laugh loudly and rudely. All the people guffawed at his silly words. l roar: To laugh long and loudly. They roared after they heard the joke. l chortle: To give a laugh of pleasure or satisfaction. He chortled with delight when I told him the news. l taunt: To try to make sb angry, or upset by making unkind remarks, laughing at faults or failures. They taunted her with her inability to swim. l ridicule: To laugh unkindly at or to make unkind fun of. They all ridiculed the idea. l deride: To laugh at or make fun of as of no value. /to mock at someone with contempt They all derided his foolishness. l mock: To laugh at sb(sth) when it is wrong to do so, esp. by copying in a funny or contemptuous way. The students mocked the seriousness of his expression. l scoff: To laugh at, to speak or act disrespectfully. /to speak in scornful mocking way. It was a great invention but at first many people scoffed at it. l chaff: (infl) To make fun of sb in a good-humored way. He chaffed the man about his mistakes in speaking English. l jeer: To laugh rudely at /to insult sb in a loud, unpleasant way. They always jeer at the priests. l gibe: To laugh at with the intention of hurting the feeling with sarcastic remarks. Dont gibe at her behavior until you know the reason for it. l sneer: To express proud dislike by a kind of usu, one- side smile or to show scorn or contempt by looks. She sneered at the furniture in his neighbors home. l joke: To make fun of. You mustnt joke with him about religion. l jest: To act or speak playful, not seriously. Dont jest about serious things. l banter: To speak, or act playfully or jokingly. /P 13. rear-view mirror: a mirror, such as one attached to a motor vehicle, that provides a view of