新概念第一册 89课知识点.doc

89课知识点一 单词讲解1.believe 相信，认为1).believe+that从句（宾语从句）eg.He believes that nothing is impossible.2).believe in sth相信某物的存在eg.Do you believe in ghosts?3)believe in sb相信某人，相信某人的存在eg.Do you believe in God?4)believe it or not 信不信你(常用语口语)5）make believe 假装，装作2.may 情态动词（用于请求许可）可以eg.May I sit down? May I use you phone？问句的回答通常用CertainlyYes ,pleaseWhy not ?Sure表示同意，许可。不同意则用No Im sorryIm afraid you not等3.how long 多少1） 多长（时间的长短）-How long has he worked here?2） 物体的长度3） How long is this desk ?4） 与how 相关的特殊疑问词How often 多久，经常（问频度）eg.-How often do you go swimming? -I go swimming three times a week .How soon 多久eg.How soon will you come back?4.why 为什么(其问句是由because引导的原因状语从句)5.because 因为（连词，引导原因状语从句）because of 因为（其后跟名词，代词等作宾语,不接从句）6.sell卖，出售sell sth to sb=sell sb sthHe sold his house to a banker = 7.比较cost 和spendcost 1.v花费（金额，费用）其主语经常为物eg.This jacket costs 200 dollars.cost sb+n1） 花了某人多少钱This pen costs me 2 yuan. 2） 使某人付出（时间，劳力，生命等）Careless driving will cost you your life .2.n.代价，价格，费用，经费The cost of this desk is $55.the cost of living 生活费用spend 花费，其主语通常为人spend money on.在.花钱I spent $20 on this book spend time in doing .在花时间 He spends most of his time in traveling8.比较worth worthy worthwhile1)worth 值.多少钱be worth +n(当名次为金钱时，表示值.)be worth doing sth 值得做某事eg.Her suggestion is worth considering.2)worthy adj值得的be worthy of +n./doing.值得The question is worthy of being discussedbe worthy to do 值得做.The method is worthy to be tried3)worthwhile adj.值得花费时间，金钱的a worthwhile task值得做的工作二 重点语法1.For和since 在现在完成时中的运用1） for表示经历（一段时间），而since表示自从.以来，常见结构为：for+一段时间 since+一段时间+ago/since+一个时间点/since+从句eg.He has lived here for 20 years.He has lived here since 1982.He has lived here since 20 years ago.2)除了for, since以外，常和现在完成时的连用的副词还有already，ever，never，just，yet，in the past few years，over the last thirty years，so far up to now ,since 1980等.eg.Most colleague students have learned English for more than 6 years许多大学生已经学英语六年多了Great changes have taken place in China in the past few years.在过去几年中，中国发生了巨大的变化.I have never been abroad up to now .到现在为止我还没有出过国3)在现在完成时中，already和yet的区别：already常用于肯定句中或句末，yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末，但表示惊讶时，也可以用于疑问句。eg Tom has already finished his homework.Tom didnt finished his homework yet ?What！Have you already finished it?2.宾语从句一般是由名词或代词充当的，宾语一般在动词或介词的后面。eg.I want an apple.( 作 的宾语)。I like you.( 作 的宾语)in front of the window( 作 的宾语) .some of them（ 作 的宾语）用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，即充当宾语成份的不是一个单词或词组，而是一个句子。主语从句：一个句子充当主语定语从句：一个句子作定语状语从句：充当状语成份的是一个句子表语从句：充当表语成份的是一个句子宾语从句一般跟在两类词之后第一类：表示人的情感或心理活动的形容词afraid /sure/sorry/glad这样句子的结构是：主语+此宾语+宾语从句eg Im afraid that I cant help you at moment.They are sure that they will win the match.He is sorry that he didnt go yesterday.第二类:普通动词think/know/believe/say/hope/understand这样的句子结构是：主语+这类动词+宾语从句eg I think that you will pass the exam .I believe I can fly.引导宾语从句的关联词有从属连词，疑问代词，疑问副词，缩合连接代词，缩合连接副词等。eg I am afraid that you cant see him today(关联词是从属连词that)。在非正式文体中，关联词that常被省去eg I hope you can come tomorrow(that被省略)。I dont know what he if you can help me .(从属连词if)I wonder what he is writing to me