浙大-胡小平大学英语三级 语法义.doc

浙江省大学英语三级考试 语法结构 浙江大学外国语学院 胡小平 编 版权所有 语法结构一、时态 1 一般现在时_。1) If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _. A. does B. has done C. will do D. would do 2) Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone _ them. A. discovered B. will discover C. would have discovered D. discovers注：_。 I decided to go to the library as soon as I _ what I was doing. A. have finished B. would finish C. finished D. had finished2 现在进行时1） 与always / constantly / continually / forever等副词连用，表示_。 He is always changing his mind. 2） 表示_。 My friend is coming to visit me next week.3 现在完成时时间状语标记词：for 和since 引导的短语；up to now, this week / year / month, so far, to date, as yet, just, lately, recently, already, yet, for the last few weeks 等。1） 与情态动词连用a. must + 现在完成时：_may / might + 现在完成时：_cant / couldnt + 现在完成时：_ 1) From the tears in Nedras eyes we can deduce that something sad _. A. must have occurred B. would have occurred C. might be occurring D. should occur2) My pain _ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?” A. must be B. had been C. must have been D. had to be3) Investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner _ at the very moment of the crash. A. should have died B. must be dying C. must have died D. ought to die 注: _eg. Comrade Li _ be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. isnt able to b. should / ought to + 现在完成时：_shouldnt / oughtnt to + 现在完成时：_1) With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night. A. mustnt have gone B. wouldnt have gone C. shouldnt have gone D. couldnt have gone 2) The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He _ have driven so fast. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. mustntc. neednt + 现在完成时：_. 1) You _ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing. A. neednt have done B. mustnt have done C. might not have done D. wouldnt have done2) As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. A. neednt dress up B. did not need have dressed upC. did not need dress D. neednt have dressed up3) They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. In fact, they _ at all. A. neednt have gone B. mustnt have gone C. might not have gone D. wouldnt have gone注：_：1. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, _ to find it locked. A. just B. only C. hence D. thus2. After twenty years abroad, William came back only _ (find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake. 2） 用于特殊句型a. It is (will be) the first time (that )I have been there.b. She is the brightest girl (that) I have ever taught.c. This is the only party (that) I have really enjoyed in my life.注：以上3个句子如果主句用一般过去时，that 从句则相应地改为“过去完成时”。4 (现在 / 过去) 完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在/过去某时，可能还要继续下去。时间状语标志词：all the morning / for hours / since this morning / all the time / ever since / 1). He has been writing letters since this morning. 2). After searching for half an hour, she realized that her glasses had been lying on the table all the time. 5 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。1）时间状语标志词： _； _； _。a) By the end of last year, I _ in this college for ten years. A. have worked B. have been worked C. had worked D. had been workingb) Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.A. would be B. has been C. had been D. would have been 2） 用于以下句型：（表示“刚就”） no sooner than hardly scarcely when / before barely a. Hardly had he finished his speech _ the audience start cheering. A. and B. when C. than D. as b. Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre _ the curtain went up.A. than B. when C. before D. as3） expect / hope / intend / mean / plan / suppose / think / want等 _。a. I had planned to visit you, but I just couldnt find time.b. He had hoped to come and help, but he was sick.6 将来完成时（will / shall + 现在完成时）时间状语标志词：_a) Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _by about 10 %.A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be rising D. has been risenb) Conference _ a full week by the time it ends.A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted c) By the time he arrives in Beijing, we _ here for two days. A. have been staying B. have stayed C. shall stay D. will have stayed7 一般将来时表示法：a) He will speak at the meeting.b) I think it is going to rain.c) There is to be a test next week.d) School is about to start.e) Ill tell him as soon as he comes back.f) His brother is coming next week.g) We will be staying at Beijing Hotel.注：_。Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ to the nation.A. are left B. are to be left C. is leaving D. is to be left二、语态英语中各类时态题、语气题、非谓语动词题等都要考虑语态，即到底用主动还是被动。练习(1) The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. to be robbed B. robbed C. to have been robbed D. having been robbed(2) The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set up(3) Ted has told me that he always escapes _ as he has got a very fast sports car. A. to fine B. to be fined C. being fined D. having been fined注意事项：1感官动词（see, look, listen to, hear, taste, ）和使役动词（make, get, have）在主动语态中，_。 a. My sisters professor had her _ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee. A. rewritten B. to rewrite C. rewrite D. rewriting b. I have heard both teachers and students _ well of him. A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak2在want, need, desire, require等动词后接动名词表示被动，即：_。 Your hair wants _. Youd better have it done tomorrow. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut三、虚拟语气1 三大公式： 与现在事实相反：Ifwere / did , 主句would / should / could / might + do 与过去事实相反：Ifhad done , 主句would / should / could / might + have done should do 与将来事实相反：If were to do , 主句should / would / could / might + do dideg.a. If the earth suddenly _ spinning, we would all fly off it. A. stopped B. had stopped C. stops D. has stoppedb. Things might have been much worse if the mother _ on her right to keep the baby. A. has been insisting B had insistedC. would insist D. insisted 2 具体考点、用法：1） _。a) _ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. If she leaves C. Were she to leave D. If she had leftb) Had he worked harder, he _ the exams. A. must have got through B. would have got throughC. would get through D. could get through 2） _。a) Had she listened to the lecture carefully last night, she wouldnt _ in the examination now. A. fail B. have failed C. have been failing D. have been failed b) If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now. A. wouldnt be smiling B. couldnt have smiled C. wont smile D. didnt smile c) If I _ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. A. worked B. were to work C. had worked D. were working 与现在或将来事实相反：_3） wish (that) /would rather (that) 与过去事实相反：_ a) Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. shouldnt b) Frankly speaking, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. A. didnt do B. havent done C. dont do D. have donec) Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was university. A. had studied B. study C. studied D. had been studying注意：would rather = would just as soon = would sooner . 后接动词原形。如： I would just as soon stay at home. 我宁愿呆在家里。但如果后面接的是从句，则一定是用虚拟语气。 与现在或将来事实相反：_4） as if / as though从句 与过去事实相反：_a) She looks as if she knew all about it.b) That tree looked as if it _ for a long time. A. werent watered B. didnt water C. hasnt been watered D. hadnt been watered5） If only从句：_a) If only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve b) Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. followed B. follow C. have followed D. had followed 注意：Only if （只要/只有）： 引导真实条件句，only用来强调if从句。例如：Shell go only if I go 除非我去她才去. 与现在或将来事实相反：_6） but for (= without): “若没有”与过去事实相反：_a) But for your help, we could not have finished the work in time. b) Without the money, I would not be alive. 与现在或将来事实相反：_7） otherwise (不然的话，否则) 与过去事实相反：_ a) He said that the driver must have had an accident; otherwise he _ by then A. would have arrived B. must have arrived C. should arrived D. would arrive b) Mary _ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has received B. ought to have receivedC. couldnt have received D. shouldnt have received c) We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned8） 下列动词（其后接that从句） 表示“提议、建议”：suggest, propose, recommend, move (动议), advise, 表示“主张”：insist, maintain, hold, urge, 表示“要求”：ask, request, require, demand, desire, 表示“命令”：order, command, direct, (注：_。) a. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night. A. were not played B. not to play C. not be played D. did not play b. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _ for our defense. A. had been taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. to be taken c. The article suggests that when a person _ under unusual stress he should be especially careful to have a well-balanced diet. A. is B. were C. be D. was9）_。 a. Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it _ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed b. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _. A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off10) _： necessary（必须的） essential （重要的） vital（重要的） important （重要的） It is + imperative （必须的） + that + 主语 + _ urgent（紧要的） advisable（应该的） proper（适当的） obligatory（必须的） eg.a) It is important that enough money _ to fund the project. A. be collected B. must be collected C. is collected D. can be collectedb) I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assignedc) The board deemed it urgent that these files _ right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed11) It is (high / about) time (that) . “该是做的时间了”。a) Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _? A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D. we can go home b) “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily. A. realized B. have realized C. realize D. should realize12) 在以lest引导的从句中，_：a) The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injureb) While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they _ by wild animals. A. should be attacked B. had been attacked C. must be attacked D. would be attacked四、情态动词1 情态动词+现在完成时（参见p.2“现在完成时”）2 情态动词的固定搭配及其他1） cannot +实义动词或系动词be + too (enough/sufficiently/perfectly/over/too much): _eg. a. You cannot be _ careful when you drive a car. a. very b. so c. too d. enough b. We cannot be too careful of health. c. We cannot thank him too much. 3) might as well as do “_” eg. You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him. 比较： may might (just) as well do “最好是做”could eg. We may as well go home.4) not so much as “_” eg. He is not so much a teacher as a scholar. 比较：more than eg. He is more mad than stupid. 区别：so as to do “如此，以致于”eg. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly _ . a. noticed b. to be noticed c. being noticed d. to notice It wasnt so much that I disliked her _ that I just wasnt interested in the whole business. a. rather b. so c. than d. as5) I cannot (help) but laugh. = I cannot help laughing. _ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by science fiction. A. Everybody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Nobody五、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）重点1不定式1) The project _ by the end of 2000, will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished2) Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _ all the time. A. to get worse B. to be getting worseC. to have got worse D. getting worse3) _ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a Masters degree. A. To become B. Become C. One becomes O. On becoming4) A Dream of the Red Chamber is said _ into dozens of languages in the last decade. A. to have been translated B. to translate C. to be translated D. to have translated 2分词 1) While _ the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth. A. having orbited B. being orbited C. having been orbited D. orbiting2) No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. being performed3) _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing4) All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled3动名词1) _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated C. The gi