中考Unit19 直接引语与间接引语.doc

I say you cant stand if youve got too much muck in your head. Let it go, and dance through life. - Anderson CooperUnit19 直接引语与间接引语当我们引用别人的话时，可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。两个概念：第一， 直接引语，当我们引用别人的话时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫做直接引语。第二， 间接引语，当我们引用别人的话时，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。 Part one 直接引语与间接引语的构成一 直接引语 构成步骤：1） 只需将原话放在引号之中，不作任何改动。2） 没有时态呼应的问题。3） 引用的原话前用逗号。4） 后引号之前，也就是重述的话的结尾，按其类别放一个句号或问号等。 She said, “You gave the book to me yourself.” The teacher asked, “Do you like English?” Mary said to me, “I lost my cell phone.” “Do you want to go swimming today?” Ben asked me.二 间接引语 构成步骤：1） 不要逗号，冒号，引号。2） 要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）3） 要考虑时态的变化。4） 要考虑时间状语，地点状语，和指示代词的变化。 She said that I had given the book to her myself. The teacher asked us whether we liked English. Mary told me that she had lost her cell phone. Ben asked me if I wanted to go swimming that day. Part two 直接引语与间接引语的转化一 人称的变化 直接引语转化为间接引语时，间接引语中的人称会发生相应的变化，而且这种变化与汉语的变化是一致的。John said, “Ive been late again.” John said that he had been late again.Mary said, “Ill finish the work this afternoon.”Mary said that she would finish the work that afternoon.” He said, “Ill be seeing you off on the 10 oclock train.”He said that he would be seeing me off on the 10 oclock train.二 时态的变化 直接引语转化为间接引语时，主句动词的时态若是过去时，间接引语中的时态要变为相应的过去时态。直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时，现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时shallshouldshouldshould(不变)willwouldwouldwould(不变)maymightmightmightcancouldcouldcould(不变)She said, “I like maths very much.” (一般现在时) She said that she liked maths very much.（一般过去时）He said,“ Ive never seen this man.” （现在完成时）He said that he had never seen that man. （过去完成时）Joe said, “I am listening to music in my room.” （现在进行时）Joe said that he was listening to music in his room.（过去进行时）三 时间状语，地点状语和指示代词的变化 直接引语转化为间接引语时，间接引语中的时间状语，地点状语和指示代词都会发生相应的变化。 直接引语中的状语，指示代词间接引语中的状语，指示代词todaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next day/ the following daynext week/ month/ yearthe next week/ month/ yearlast week/ month/ yearthe week/ month/ yearbeforeagobeforethree/ four/ years agothree/ four/years beforein 2008in 2008nowthenso farby thenheretherethisthatthesethose四 引用的句子是陈述句时 陈述句转述为间接引语时，句型，语序没有变化只是要在陈述句前加连词that, 它不在句子中担任成分，常常被省略。 The girl said to me, “Pocket money can give a kid a sense of independence.” The girl told me (that) pocket money could give a kid a sense of independence. Paul said, “ I havent heard a complaint yet.” Paul said (that) he hadnt heard a complaint yet.五 引用的句子是疑问句时 疑问句转述为间接引语时，句型，语序要有相应的变化，并注意要以疑问词或if, whether等词引导。1 引用的句子是特殊疑问句时 特殊疑问句转述为间接引语时，语序要转化为陈述句语序，并以疑问词开头。 Mary asked me, “What is she doing here?” Mary asked me what she was doing there. Wang Fang asked Lily, “How have you managed to finish painting so soon?” Wang Fang asked Lily how she had managed to finish painting so soon. My teacher asked me, “How long have you spent in practicing these days? My teacher asked me how long I had spent in practicing those days.2. 引用的句子是一般疑问句时 一般疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把一般疑问句句型转化为陈述句句型，同时在句子前加上if 或whether。 I asked her, “Did you visit the museum two days ago?” I asked her if / whether she had visited the museum two days before. My friend Lily asked me, “Do you want to go swimming today?” My friend Lily asked me if / whether I wanted to go swimming that day.3. 引用的句子是反义疑问句时 反义疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把它看成是一般疑问句：即句型为陈述句，在句前面加if或whether, 往往后面还要加上or not, 常用whetheror not。 She cried, “You have made a big mistake, havent you?” She cried whether I had made a big mistake or not.4. 引用的句子是祈使句时 祈使句转述为间接引语时，间接引语要改用动词不定式表示。引述动词根据原意可以用ask, tell, want, order等表示，原祈使句改为不定式。 句型：肯定句：ask/ tellsb. to do sth. 否定句：ask/ tellsb. not to do sth. Miss Green said to Jane, “Please sit down.”Miss Green asked Jane to sit down.The teacher said, “Pay attention to your spelling.”The teacher told us to pay attention to our spelling. Joe said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.” Joe ordered the boys not to make so much noise.7. 引用的句子是感叹句时 感叹句转述为间接引语时，间接引语可以仍然使用how, what等词，语序不变；也可使用that把原来的感叹句改为宾语从句，动词say可改为cry, shout等词。 He said, “What a clever boy he is！” He said what a clever boy he was. He cried that he was a clever boy. She said, “How interesting the film is!” She said how interesting the film was. She shouted that the film was interesting.重点提示：感叹句转述为间接引语时，可以加上适当的修饰语，如with delight, with a sigh He said, “What a fine day!” He cried with delight that it was a fine day. Part three 直接引语与间接引语需注意的事项一 间接引语中人称不改变的情况 主动句中动词的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词保持不变。 I said, “He can speak English very well.” I said that he could speak English very well. We say, “You did quite well yesterday.? We say that you had done quite well the day before.二 间接引语中时态不改变的情况 主句的动词是过去的时态时，引语中的时态就要做相应的变化。但在以下一些情况下间接引语中的时态仍保持不变。 1. 当主句的动词时态是现在的时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或将来时时，间接引语中的时态不变。 He says, “Im tired.” He says he is tired. He will say, “the girl was very beautiful.” He will tell you that the girl was very beautiful.2. 当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时，转化为间接引语时时态不变，并且要使用一般现在时。He asked, “ Which star is the biggest?”He asked which star is the biggest.My father told me, “Its important for kids to learn how to manage money.”My father told me (that) it is important for kids to learn how to manage money.3.当引语强调动作或状态现在仍存在时，转化为间接引语时时态可不变，其他相应状语也可不变，尤其是在口语中。John said, “My son is still ill today.” John told me that his son is ill today.He asked, “Where has Li Ming gone?”He asked where Li Ming has.4. 过去完成时在间接引语中仍为过去完成时，与之联系使用的动词过去时不变。Mr. Green said, “ My son had gone to America when he graduated.”Mr. Green said that his son had gone to America when he graduated.She said, “ I had lived here for 10 years by the end of last year.”She said that she had lived there for 10 years by the end of last year.”5. 当直接引语中的一般过去时与表示过去特定时间的状语连用时，转化为间接引语时时态不变。He said, “ I was born in 1990 and joined the army in 2008.”He said that he was born in 1990 and joined the army in 2008.三 主句动词的使用 用间接引语时，主句的引述动词除了用say, tell, ask外，只要意思上允许，尽可能用别的动词，如：Admit agree greet replyrequest order