初三英语专题-直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习.doc

初三英语专题 直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。例： “I remember I had seen you.” I said. “Whats you name?” she asked. Mary said she had already seen the film. He replied that he was going by train.将直接引语变为间接引语时要做一些相应的变化，主要有以下几种情况。一、句式的改变陈述句用that引导（只起连接作用，无意义）疑问句一般疑问句用whether或if引导选择疑问句用whether引导特殊疑问句， 用原来的疑问词引导祈使句A ask/tell/order/warn B (not)to do sth.Lets”开头的祈使句 变为 “suggest +动名词（或从句）1. 直接引语是陈述句时，变成用连词that（只起连接作用，没有任何意义）引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称指示代词、时间、地点等作相应变化。 例：He said: “You can swim here.” He told me that I could swim there.2. 直接引语是疑问句 *变为间接引语后要变为陈述句形式。（1）直接引语是一般疑问句，变成用whether或if引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等作相应的变化。 例：Mary asked me: “Are you from England?” Mary asked me if /whether I was from England.（2）直接引语是选择疑问句，变成whether引导的宾语从句。句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等要做相应的变化。 He asked me: “Do you want a long ruler or a short ruler?” He asked whether I wanted a long ruler or a short ruler.（3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成用原来的疑问词一样的连接词引导的宾语从句。句中的时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等要做相应的变化。 John asked me, “Where does Jim come from?” John asked me where Jim came from.3. 直接引语是祈使句，（1）根据说话人的语气变成A ask/tell/order/warm B (not)to do sth. 结构。例如：She said to me, “Please sit down.” She asked me to sit down. Mother said to me, “Pass me some salt.” Mother asked me to pass her some salt. He said to us: “Dont play in the street.” He told us not to play in the street.（2）直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为 “suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如： He said, “ Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. He suggested that they should go to see the film.二. 时态的变化一般过去时过去完成时一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时 现在进行时过去进行时 过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 注意：以下情况时态不变1、直接引语如果是客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。 例：He said: “Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light travels much faster than sound.2、直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。例：Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.3、直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。例：He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning.4、如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)或者已经是过去时的形式时，(例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said，“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.三、时间状语的变化 1、现在nowthentodaythat daythis week(month, etc.)that week (month, etc.)2、过去yesterday the day before last week(month) the week(month) beforethree days(a year)ago three days(a year)before3、将来tomorrow the next (following ) daynext week(month)the next(following)week(month)例：She said, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before.四、 指示代词的变化 thisthatthesethose She said: “I will come this morning.” She said that she would go that morning.五、地点状语的变化 herethere He said, “My sister was here three days ago.” He said that his sister had been there three days before.六、谓语动词的变化 come go，bring take She said, “I will come here tomorrow.” She said that she would go there the next day.七、人称的变化“一随主，二随宾，三不变”。 直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变为间接引语要和主句的主语保持一致。 He said: “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.” He said that he would go to Beijing the next day. 直接引语的主语为第二人称时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。 例：He said to me: “You will leave tomorrow.” He told me that I would leave the next day. 直接引语是第三人称为主语时，变间接引语时不变。 例：He said to me: “My sister will leave tomorrow.” He told me that his sister would leave tomorrow. He said to us: “They want to come.” He told us that they wanted to go. 把下列的直接引语变为间接引语。1. “I saw a note on my desk.” she said. 2. Mother said, “Well go to the park tomorrow.”3. He said to me, “Your brother broke it.”4. Tom said, “My sister was here three days ago.”5. “We stayed there for two weeks.” she told me.6. She said, “I have given up smoking.” 7. “Weve known each other for about three years.” the young man told him.8. “I havent seen her these days.” he said. 9. “Mother gave me a new book as a present yesterday.” Mary said.10. “Do you like English or Chinese?” the teacher asked me.11. “What did you do yesterday?” she asked me.12. “Would you like an apple?” mother asked me.13. “Dont open the door.” she said to me. 14. “Come here early tomorrow.” the teacher said to us.15. “Did you go to the cinema last night?” she asked.16. “Keep the door closed.” the old man said.17. “Did you go there by train or by bus?” the teacher asked.18. “They are playing on the playground.” Jim said.参考答案 1. She said that she had seen a note on her desk. 2. Mother said that they would go to the park the next day. 3. He told me that my brother had broken it. 4. Tom said that his sister had been there three days before. 5. She told me that they had stayed there for two days. 6. She said that she had given up smoking. 7. The young man told him that they had known each other for about three years. 8. He said that he hadnt seen her those days. 9. Mary said that (her) mother had given her a new book as a present the day before. 10. The teacher asked me whether I liked English or Chinese. 11. She asked me what I had done the day before. 12. Mother asked me if/whether I would like an apple. 13. She asked me not to open the door. 14. The teacher told us to go there ear