初中短语归纳(完整).doc

Module 111.Im in Class One.我在一班. 在哪班用介词in. 先说班, 再说几,和汉语相反.Eg. Hes in Class Three.2. Im from Beijing .be from 来自,从哪里来 或是哪里人Eg. Hes from England. 他是英国来的. They are from Beijing.他来自北京如果不强调 “从来”,只要说明身份,也可以说: Hes a Beijinger. 他是北京人.3.Lingling is in my class.玲玲在我班里.4.Were 12 years old.我们12岁了. years old用来表示年龄,这两个词可以省略,只用数字表达也可.Eg. He is 3. 他3岁了6.Im from China and Im Chinese.我 来自中国,我是中国人.英语里经常把两个或更多意思上关系很紧密的句子合并成一个句子，形成并列句。并列句中的分句可以用and 进行并列。Eg . He is English and he is in Class One.7.Im in Class One with Daming and Lingling.我和大明，玲玲都在一班。 with 表示“ 和在一起” Lucy is in Beijing with her mother.肯定否定疑问IIm Chinese.Im not Chinese.Am I Chinese?He She ItHe She is an English boy girl.Its cheapHe She is not(isnt) an English boy girlIt is not (isnt)cheapIs he she an English boy girl ?Is it cheap?TheyWeYouThey are our friends.We are from America.You are a good boy.They are not (arent) our friends.We are not (arent) from America.You are not (arent) a good boy.Are they our friends?Are we from America?Are you a good boy ?Module 21. Please welcome Betty and Tony to our school. 请大家欢迎贝蒂和托尼到我们学校.（）这里welcometo表示 “ 欢迎来”如:Welcome all of you to our party. 欢迎你们所有人来我们的城市做客.（）Welcome to .”欢迎到”，如：Welcome to our party.2. My father is a teacher at Beijing International School. 我父亲是北京国际学校的一名教师.(1). 表示地点的专有名词第一个字母要大写。(2). 在医院工作要加冠词, 如没冠词表示住院. 例如 My mother is a doctor at the hospital. 我母亲是医院里的医生My mother is in hospital. 我妈妈在住院.3.My mother is an English teacher in a university in Beijing. 我母亲是北京一所大学的英语教师.at ,in 用来表示地点.通常 in 表示较大的地点, at 表示较小的地点.例如:She is at the library.她在图书馆.They like that big shop in London.他们喜欢伦敦那家大商店.4. They are factory workers. 他们是工厂工人.名词修饰名词时，一般在变复数时，只在后一名词尾变复数。但是有两个词例外， man ，woman。他两个需要和后一名词同时变成复数。例如：a factory worker 一名工厂工人3 factory workers 3名工厂工人an apple tree一棵苹果树10 apple trees 三棵苹果树a man teacher 一名男老师6 men teachers 6名男老师a woman teacher 一名女老师6 women teachers 6名女老师5. Damingcan play football.大明会踢足球. (1). 在表示踢足球,打篮球等球类运动的前面是不加冠词的. 例: He can play basketball. 他会打篮球. He can play table tennis. 他会打乒乓球.(2). 在表达”某人能做某事” 时, 可以用 can+ 动词原形 表达.如果表达自己不能做某事时,可以在can后直接加not, 成为cannot或缩写成 cant.Lily cant speak Chinese. 丽丽不会说汉语.6. Thesearemyparents他们是我的父母介绍某人或某些人一般用This is或Theseare.肯定否定疑问回答I canplay football.I cannot play football.Can you play football.?Yes, I can.No, I cant.He/She can play basketball.He/She cant play basketball.Can he/ she play basketball.?Yes, he/she can.No, he/she cant.We can swim.We cant swim.Can we swim.?Yes, we can.No, we cant.They can swim.They cant swim.Can they swim?.Yes, they can.No, they cant.It can speak like man.It cant speak like manCan it speak like man?Yes, it can.No, it cant.注意：cannot比cant要正式，口语中一般用缩写形式can表示为现在的能力，而不能表示过去或将来的能力Module 31.Betty is next to Lingling。 贝蒂靠着玲玲。 next to 靠着，表示位置上靠着。例如His house is next to mine. 他的房子靠着我的房子.2.They are in front of Tony and Daming . 他们在托尼和大明的前面 in front of 在的前面There is a tree in front of the classroom. 教室前面有棵树.3.Tony and Daming . are behind Lingling and Betty托尼和大明在玲玲和贝蒂的后面. behind 在的后面The cat is behind the door. 小猫在门后.4.Are there any science labs? Where are they ?有科学实验室吗？在哪儿？ Yes , there is one behind the library. 有， 图书馆后面有一个理科实验室。 此句中的one 代替上一句中的science lab。代词one 可用于代替上文中提到的单个的事或人的名词，以避免重复。 而it代替同一个事物。例如： Have you any English novels ? Id like to borrow one. 你有英文小说吗？ 我想借一本。试比较： Have you any English novels ? Id like to borrow one. 你有英文小说吗？ 我想借一本。 Do you like the English novel? I bought it yesterday. 你喜欢这本英文小说吗？ 我昨天买的。5There are 20 students in a class. 班里有20名学生。在表达”地方有:” 一般采用 there be 句型. 例如 There is an apple on the desk.桌子上有个苹果. There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有很多学生.初一上册(Module4-5)Module 4 1.Thank you for your email. Thank you for因为什么而感谢。 2. I have got an aunt. I havent any uncles, brothers and sisters. 英国人常用have got表示”某人有”, 而美国人常用have来表达这一意义.如:I have 3 new dictionaries.3How many people are there in your family？ 问有多少人或可数的东西时用How many are there?How many pencils are there in your pencil-box？4.电子邮件和书信的格式: (1)信端(Heading):包含发件人电子信箱、抄送人电子信箱、信件主题。这部分一般写在固定的空格中。(2）称呼（Salutation）：称呼后可用逗号与正文隔开。称呼语常以Dear 开头。（3）正文（Body）：称呼下开始写正文，即信的主体。信的开头，常常向对方表示问候。或者提及一下对方的上次来信，信的结尾可以这样写：Im looking forward to hearing from you soon. Take care .(4) 结束语（Complimentary close)：写在结束语下，其内容因寄信人与收信人的关系而定。一般熟人和亲友之间可用Yours，love，Yours love等，后面加逗号。这一部分也可不写。（5）署名（Signature）：发件人在此写上自己的姓名。5.I have not/havent got any uncles or brothers and sisters. 否定句中连词是or, 而在本句中却出现了and, 因为这里是把brothers and sisters.看作与uncle 并列的内容.6.He has got 4 grandparents, his mum and dad, 2uncles , an aunt and a sister.7, have got与there be 的区别:have got表示的是”某人所有”;而there be 句型表示” 某个地方有某人或某物” ;所表达的侧重点也不同.例如:There is a new book on the desk.He has a new book.We havent got any apples in the fridge.我们冰箱里没有苹果了.(强调我们么没有苹果了,冰箱是次要的)There arent any apples in the fridge. 冰箱里没有苹果了.(至于其他地方有没有,是我们的还是别人的,就不得而知了)Module 51. Healthy food and drink 健康食品和饮料这里drink是名词, 意思是”饮料”. 它还可表示饮料的一杯或一份,如:I would like a hot /cold drink.我想要杯热/冷饮.Can I have a drink of water, please? 我可以来杯水吗?drink还可以用作动词,表示”饮” 或” 喝酒”.例如:Would you like something to drink? 你要点什么喝的吗?2. Eat noodles or rice AND some vegetables. 吃面条或米饭和一些蔬菜.注意(1) 此处some表示一个确定的概念,因为我们明确知道”一些” 例如:There is some rice in the bowl. (2) some一般用于肯定句中, any一般用于否定句和疑问句中.例如: Have you got any brothers?你有兄弟吗? There isnt any water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水. There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有些水.(3). some和any既可以用于可数名词的复数前也可用于不可数名词前.There are some students in the classroom.教室里有些学生.There is some milk in the cup. 杯子里有些牛奶.(4.). vegetables 是复数.在此处要复习可数名词的复数形式变化. 条件 变化形式 例词一般情况下加-sshops , desks , bags单词以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-esbuses, boxes, brushes, watches单词以辅音字母+y结尾去掉y, 加-iesbabies, cities, stories单词以o结尾加-estomatoes, heroes单词以o结尾加-sradios, zoos一些以f或fe结尾的单词把f或fe 变成-vesLife-lives .knife-knives3. 可数名词与不可数名词:英语中的名词和汉语不同,有可数名词与不可数名词之分,这是英语一大特点. 可数名词前如果出现超过一的数词或限定词,名词要有复数形式; 而不可数名词没有数的变化, 不管其前出现什么数量表达方式,依然要用原形.常见的不可数名词有:物质名词: milk. Meat, rice, wheat, water, money抽象名词: beauty, youth, heath , strength注意: 不可数名词没有复数形式,而且其前面不可以用表示具体的数词或不定冠词. 常见的可用于不可数名词前的词或短语有 some, any, much, a lot of 等Module 61. Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday ? 表示时间的介词不尽相同,总结大致如下:on Sunday/New Years Eve /Chinese Eve ,in the evening/morning/afternoon( 注意: 如果有修饰语, 就要改为on, 如:on Sunday afternoon, on a Sunday morning at night / Christmas2. Its in the evening/morning/afternoon.在晚上/上午/下午表示时间、距离、金钱、天气的代词用it. 当性别不重要时它有时候也可指人，如：Its 50 yuan. Its fine. Its 29 li . Who is behind the door?谁在门后？It is John。.是约翰3. Lets go in the evening.让我们晚上去吧. 注意: Let可用于提出建议, 也可表示邀请, 后跟动词原形.如: Lets go home. 我们回家吧.4. Where is the football match?足球赛在哪举行？表示地点的副词用Where如：Where is the book？ 书在哪？When is the Taijiquan class?太极拳班什么时间？ 表示时间的副词用When如：When is the class？ 什么时间上课？5. Its at Dalian Hotel. 表示地点的介词不尽相同,总结大致如下: 如果是小地方，用at，如果是大地方， 用 in。如： I live in Beijing.6. . Daming invites Tony to the cinema.大明邀请托尼去看电影. invite sb. to sp. 邀请去 He invites me to her house. 他邀请我去他家.7.Tony asks Daming to go to a basketball match. 托尼叫大明去看篮球赛. ask sb. to do sth.要求做 My mother asks me to eat an egg.我妈妈让我吃个鸡蛋.二.语法情态动词 would1.如果邀请别人可以说: Would you like to?2.如果同意, 一般可以说: Yes, Id like to. 或Yes, Id love to3.如果拒绝,我们也要说的客气些, 可以先说: sorry, 然后再说原因. 如:-Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday ? -Yes, Id like to./ Sorry, I have to stay at home.4.注意: would like to 本身不表示邀请,而表示” 想要” 如:I would like to go to school on foot today.今天我想步行上学.Module 71.Today, we have Chinese at eight oclock We have science at nine oclock and we have maths at ten oclock 今天我们8点有语文课， 9 点有科学课， 10点有数学课。中学常见学科的英文表达: Chinese语文 English英语 science 科学 chemistry化学physics物理 algebra代数 geometry几何 biology 生物politics政治 history 历史 geography地理 art 艺术music 音乐 fine arts美术 physical education (P.E.) 体育2.I get up at half past seven in the morning and have breakfast. 我早上7点半起床，然后吃早餐。have breakfast 吃早餐 have lessons 上课have a rest 休息 have dinner 吃饭have a good time 玩得愉快have a look 看一看3. We have a break and I talk to my friends. 我们休息一下,和朋友谈话.have a break= have a rest 休息talk to 对说话, 强调一方对另一方talk with 和说话,强调双方谈话tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事4. My school is next to my house.我的学校在我家旁边. next to 在旁边/附近I work in the office next to hers.我工作的办公室在她的办公室旁边.5. 表述日常行为会用到时间,注意时间的表达方式.如果是半小时之内,一般用几点过几分的表达方式,即”past”如果超过了半小时,则用还差几分不到几点的表达方式,即”to” at half past six(6:30) 在6点半at five past six(6:05) 在6点5分 at five to six(5:55) 在5点55分Module 81. We usually send him a birthday card. And we often make a cake for his birthday.本模块出现了大量的表示不确定时间的副词：often，always，never，usually等，这些副词表频度。在句中位置：在be动词，情态动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。He is always late for school. They always help others. You must never tell him.2. She never wears jeans or trainers.她从不穿牛仔裤或运动鞋.(1).我们常常使用and 来连接2个肯定意义的词或句子,用or连接2 个否定概念.Linda finishes her homework and goes to bed. Most children have no brothers or sisters.(2).在英语中有些名词表示由2部分构成的东西,常常只用复数形式.这类名词做主语时谓语动词要用复数,表示数量时常用:数词+ pair(s) + of, shoes鞋 trousers 裤子 glasses 眼镜 gloves手套 shorts短裤 scissors剪刀 chopsticks筷子That pair of trousers is mine.那条裤子是我的.Scissors are used to cut things.剪刀是用来剪东西的.3. She plays the piano and likes to sing. 当play和表示乐器的名词连用时,该名词前总是要加上定冠词the.如: play the violin 拉小提琴 play the flute 吹笛子如果play和表示球类的名词连用时,该名词前不加冠词.如: play football 踢足球4. She often goes to concerts and she usually buys CDs by her favourite sings.by 在这里表示”由/被写或编等”的意思.例如: I like the songs by Coco.我喜欢听李文的歌Tony likes reading novels by Mark Twain.他喜欢读马克-吐温的小说.5. Ok, and what about a birthday present? 好吧.生日礼物怎么办?(1).What about或How about常用来征求意见或打听消息,表示“怎么样？”“怎么办？”如：What about Tom? Is he polite? 汤姆怎么样？他有礼貌吗？How about going out for a walk? 出去散步怎么样？(2).What about或How about还可以用来提出建议，表示“怎么样？”“好吗？” 如：What /How about a cup of tea?喝杯茶好吗？What /How about going to Paris for a holiday? 去巴黎度假怎么样？主语是第三人称单数的行为动词的一般现在时形式有变化，其变化规律与名词的复数形式相同。如下表：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般动词后加-s在轻辅音后读/s/在浊辅音或元音后读/z/，在t后读/ts/ ，在d后读/dz/wearreadplayworkmakelikegetwearsreadsplaysworksmakeslikesgets以s，x，ch，sh结尾，一般加-es读/iz/washteachguessfixwashesteachesguessesfixes以辅音字母+o结尾，一般加-es读/z/godogoesdoes辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i，再加-es，读/z/worrycarrystudyworriescarriesstudies.代词人称单数 复数主格形容词性物主代词主格形容词性物主代词第一人称Imyweour第二人称youyouryouyour第三人称hehistheythemsheheritits初一上册Module 91. Welcome to Beijing Zoo.欢迎来到北京动物园。Welcome !/ You are welcome.欢迎你。Welcome back! /home! 欢迎归来/欢迎回家。（You are ）welcome to China. 欢迎来中国。You are welcome.不用谢。（回答对方道谢的常用语）2Sixteen thousand people visit it every day.每天有一万六千人来参观。注意此句中thousand 不加s。也就是说结构是：数词+ thousand/ hundred+名词的复数There are three hundred people in the hall.大厅里有300学生。3The kangaroo comes from Australia.袋鼠来自澳大利亚。表示”来自”有2种说法：come from/ is from。 例如： He comes from America.他来自美国。He is from America. 他来自美国。4Lets go and see a tiger. 我们去看老虎吧。注意let后跟动词原形；and 并列2个相等结构，既动词原形。Lets go to school.5There are camels from Africa and Asia. 系动词be要根据其后面的名词的数而定如有多个名词，则要根据就近原则。例如：There are 2 books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有2本书和一只笔。There is a pen and 2 books on the desk. 桌子上有一只笔和2本书。6They usually eat 15 kilos of bamboo a day.他们一天吃掉15公斤的竹子。a kilo of eggs 一千克/公斤鸡蛋 15 kilos of eggs 15千克/公斤鸡蛋行为动词第三人称单数的 各种句式总结如下： 肯定 否定 疑问 回答Peter has breakfast every day.Peter doesnt have breakfast every day.Does Peter have breakfast every day.Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.he plays basketball on Wednesday?He doesnt play basketball on Wednesday?Does he play basketball on Wednesday?Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.She lives in the city.She doesnt live in the city.Does she live in the city?Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.初一上册Module 101. So, use the mouse and click “new document”.然后，用鼠标点击“新建（新文件）”2. You click “save”, and write a name for it.你点击“保存”，然后为你的文件写上一个名称。3. Open a new document。打开新文件。 动词加宾语是祈使句，用来表示请求或命令。例如：Stand up，please英语的句子按照用途可分为类：种类用途例句陈述句用来说明事实或说话人的看法I can see a book on the desk.疑问句用来提出问题Are you Tom?祈使句用来表示请求或命令Sit down, please感叹句用来表达强烈的感情hat a fine day it is!4.When do you use a computer? 你什么时候用计算机？此句是特殊疑问句，它是由特殊疑问词（Whenwhenwhenhowwho）加一般疑问句组成的hatsyourname？My name is Tom.5.I sometimes play Counter Strike and Fantasy. I never play Tomb Raides.我有时玩“反恐精英”和“最终幻想”。我从来不玩“古墓丽影”。这里“反恐精英”、“最终幻想”、“古墓丽影”都是电脑游戏的名称。6.I dont use the Internet or send emails.我不用因特网或者发送电子邮件。or或者。否定句中表示并列。例如：I dont eat egg or meat我不吃鸡蛋也不吃肉3.主语是第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数的行为动词的一般现在时的各种句式总结如下：肯定否定疑问回答often eateggin the morning.I dont（donot）ofteneategg in the morning.Doofteneateggin the morning?Yes, I do.No, I dont.You often eat eggin the morning.You dont（donot）ofteneategg in the morning.Do you ofteneateggin the morning?Yes, I do.No, I dont.We often eat eggin the morning.We dont（donot） ofteneateggin the morning.Do we ofteneateggin the morning?Yes, we do.No, we dont.They often eat egg in the morning.They dont（donot） ofteneateggin the morning.Do they ofteneateggin the morning?Yes, they do.No, they dont.由基数词变序数词：1.请记住口诀：一，二，三，要全变，其余把th加后边八减t，九去e，字母f代ve，Ty变成tie。注释：one first, two second, three third four fourth six sixtheight eighth, nine ninth ,twelve twelfth, twenty twentieth2.以上的十位或百位的基数词，只将其个位上的基数词变为序数词就可以了：twenty- three twenty- thirdthree hundred and twenty- three three hundred and twenty- third序数词有时用缩写形式：first1st, second2nd, third3nd fourth4th, sixth 6 th, twenty- third23nd初一下册Module One 1. take photos/pictures 拍照 2. wait for 等候 3. have a good time过得愉快,玩得很开心 4. a lot 非常 5. put on 穿上 6. at home 在家 7.at this moment, at the moment 8. look at 看 9. see you later 再见 10. good night 晚安 11. get dressed 穿衣 12.in the sun在阳光下 13.on a trip在旅行中 14.afternoon tea下午茶 15. shop for sth：buy sth16. run for buses17. leave work18. start ones lessons19. see friendsModule Two 1. get ready for 为准备好 2. write down 写下 3. cook the meal 做饭 4. make lanterns 做灯笼 5. sweep away 扫去 6. have a haircut 理发 7. go shopping 去买东西 8. at work 在工作 9. in front of 在前面 10. a few+可数n 一些 11. all the year round 一年到头 12. a kind of 一种 13. lots of 许多 14. dragon dance舞龙 15. Spring Festival春节 16. paper cut剪纸 17. be interested in对感兴趣18. paintred/yellow19. on New Years Day20. at midnight, at the Lantern Festival21. bring sb sth: bring us good luck22. with a long white breadModule Three 1 .at the weekend 在周末 2.have a piano lesson 上钢琴课 3.buy some clothes 买衣服 4.listen to the music 听音乐 5.stay in bed 呆在床上 6.revise for my test 复习考试 7.get up early 早起床 8.check the email 查邮件 9.do ones homework 做家庭作业 10.have a picnic 吃野餐 11.go to a party 去参加晚会 12. look forward to doing 期待 13. take the plane to/ go toby plane 乘飞机 14. do some sightseeing/ go sightseeing 旅游,去观光 15.walk up 沿走, 登上 16.make friends 交朋友 17.enjoy the sun and the sea 享受阳光和大海 18.lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 19.travel around the world 周游世界 20.get (from)to(从)到达21. in a hotel22. go out23. all the wayModule Four 1. in the future 未来, in future 2. get warm 变暖 3. heavy rain 大雨 4. send .toby email 通过邮件发送 5. strong winds 大风 6. use to do 用做某事 7. do heavy work 做重活 8. three days a week 一周三天 9. care for/look after/take care of 照顾10. by email11. in school12. with chalk13. all year: all the year around14. on the Internet15. have long holidays, have holidays16. cross out 划掉17. care for, care aboutModule Five 1. answer the question 回答问题 2. Whats the population of? 的人口是多少？ 3. in/on/to the east/west/south/north of 在东/西/南/北边 4. the capital of 的首都或省会 5. on the River Thames 在泰晤士河畔 6. be famous for 因而闻名 7. on the coast8. a region of9. has a population ofModule Six 1. be good at擅长 2. more than 多于 3. leave for 前往某处 4. Its difficult to do sth. 5. take around 领某人四处参观 6. work hard 努力学习7. write down, note down, put down8. at the back9. takearound, showaroun