东北普通高校开设游泳课程的可行分析.docx

一、前言游泳运动是一项具有广泛群众基础的体育健身项目 ，对于推广全民健身以及个人终身健身都具有重要的意义。青年学生正处于身心发展的关键时期 ，在校期间向他们传授游泳技能 ，不但能够强健身体 ，保障生命安全 ，而且能够为学生的全面发展奠定基础。但是目前高校对游泳教学特殊价值的认识不足 ，于是开课不正常也不规范 ，从而大大降低了游泳运动的推广与晋及 ，为此本文拟就游泳课教学价值作一探究。二、研究对象与方法：（一）研究对象：高校大学生开设游泳课的可行性（二）研究方法：1、文献资料法：查找阅读相关资料、书籍文献，游泳课特殊价值的相关的资料。2、访谈法：向有一定经验的教师咨询有关开展游泳课的相关内容。3、观察法：通过观察游泳课，了解课程开设、内容、计划，了解存在的问题及解决方法。三、研究结果与分析（一）高校开设游泳课的目的。高校体育课程是学校课程体系的重要组成部分，是高等学校体育工作的中心环节，新时期面对新课程改革形势，高校公共体育课面临的机遇与挑战。因此，高校的公共体育课程发展应着重考虑学科需要，学生需要和社会需要，形成多种形式交叉组合的课程结构群体。（二）提高大学生的身体健康意识。高校体育实施素质教育不是简单的身体锻炼和游戏，而是从学生的身体健康基础出发，因材施教，发展潜能，提高学生的体育参与意识，促进身体形态发育，加强学生社会合作能力的培养，使学生在体育锻炼中，建立乐观向上的精神，培养团结协作、勇于克服困难的能力。（三）游泳项目的特殊价值。1、提高呼吸系统的机能。由于水的密度比空气大 800倍左右 ，水对人体能产生 12 - 15千克左右的压力。经常参加游泳 ，呼吸肌会变得更强壮有力 ，肺活量增大。实验证明 ，一般成年男子肺活量在 3500- 4000亳升左右 ，呼吸差在 6 - 8厘米 ，而游泳运动员肺活量可达 5000 - 7000毫升 ，呼吸差达 12 - 15厘米。这样 ，安静时呼吸会显得深而慢 ，呼吸肌就不易疲劳 ，又能满足机体的需氧量。2、提高心血管系统的机能。水温的刺激和水的压力 ，对心血管系统提出了更高要求 ，人在水中平卧姿势和水对身体的按摩作用 ，有利于静脉血回流。经常游泳的人心肌壁层、 血管壁层增厚 ，弹性加大 ，每搏输出量增加 ，安静时心跳趋于缓慢。3、促进肌肉与骨骼的生长发育。游泳时 ，水的阻力比空气大 ，人在水中游泳 ，两臂划水和两脚打水或蹬水 ，全身肌肉群都参加了活动 ，促使全身的肌肉都得到锻炼。4、提高机体对外界环境的适应能力。游泳时在空气、 水、 阳光这几种自然条件的影响下 ，大脑皮层对热的产生和散热的调节形成条件反射 ，加强了对寒冷刺激的反射调节能力 ，也提高了人体免疫系统抗御疾病的能力。5、游泳能塑造优美的体型。游泳时所消耗的能量比陆上运动多。试验表明 ，在 12度的水中停留四分钟所散发的热量相当于同样温度在陆上一小时所散发的热量。在陆地上全力跑 100米大约消耗 35千卡的能量 ，而在水中全力游 100米要消耗 65千卡的能量。可见 ，在同样时间、 强度下进行运动 ，水中要比陆地上运动消耗的能量多得多。（四）高校游泳课的教学方法。1、完善教学环境 ，保证充足的练习时间。努力加强对游泳教学课的重视程度 ，调整体育课程的教学安排和游泳馆的相关政策 ，为学生创造有利的教学环境。例如：游泳馆的营业时间中 ，客流量最大的时间段为早场和晚场 ，而上午 8： 3012： 00，13： 3016： 30时间段游泳人员相对较少 ，如果游泳课教学安排在这个时间段 ，既可以解决因为其他时间段中游泳馆人员过多而导致环境嘈杂影响教学的问题。2、丰富教学手段和组织形式 ，增强教学的实效性。改进教学的方法与组织管理关键还是要改变教学中重知识传授轻学习能的力培养状况。教学方法上可采取灵活多样的教学模式 ，诸如启发式、情景式教学和案例教学法。 3、完善教学评价体系。教学过程中要针对学生的具体实际情况安排教学任务和教学进度 ，充分考虑学生的运动能力、性别差异、 性格特点以及个体需求等因素 ，“滚动式分组教学 ” 是目前广泛采用的一种教学方法 ，初级、中级、 高级班的设置基本上满足了不同层次学生的学习要求 ，在教学评价中 ，不采用统一评价标准来考核学生 ，而是针对个体差异来分别对待。4、广泛利用现代信息技术延展教学工作。针对现代学生的时代特点 ，构建网络教学平台 ，继续进行课堂教学的延续。随着现代网络技术的继续深入普及和发展 ，师生之间完全可以通过博客、 校园论坛等途径来完成技术咨询、交流经验、 学习心得等环节 ，既拉近了师生之间的距离 ，增加了相互之间的感情交流 ，又可以让任课教师直接有效地了解到学生的学习情况和真实感受，有利于在下次教学中更加有的放矢 ，同时还增强了督促教师继续学习研究的动力和责任。5、积极开展各级游泳竞赛活动 ，促进学校游泳运动的开展。随着游泳运动的逐渐发展和普及 ，会有越来越多的高校修建游泳馆、 开展游泳课教学、 组建游泳训练队。因此 ，必须要加强高校间游泳竞赛交流活动 ，例如：锦标赛、 对抗赛、 邀请赛等多种形式 ，提高竞赛组织水平。四、结论与建议（一）结论。通过对有关高校开设游泳课程的资料研究，并结合各高校的游泳课程开设情况与作用。高校开设游泳课程就有很强的可行性，它不仅丰富了大学生的生活，同时对大学生的身体素质有着一定提高，对身体的各方面机能、素质都有很大的帮助，高校游泳课程的开设会更加普遍。（二）建议。高校游泳场所不仅承担教学任务，更应向社会开放。这样一方面可获得一定的经济收益，同时还可以更好地推动游泳运动的发展，使更多的人来参与游泳使高校游泳场所成为学校体育与社会体育的连接点。One, forewordSwimming is a sports fitness project has a broad mass base, to promote national fitness, and personal fitness has important significance for life. Young students are in a critical period of physical and mental development, during the period of school to teach swimming skills, not only can strong body, to ensure the safety of life, but also can lay a foundation for the all-round development of students. But the understanding of the special value of swimming teaching in colleges and universities, then start abnormal also is not standard, thus greatly reduces the swimming sports promotion and jin and, this paper will take swimming lessons teaching value of inquiry.Second, the research object and methods:(a) the object of study, the feasibility of the college students to open swimming lessons(2) research methods: 1, the literature material law, to find reading relevant materials, books, documents, swimming class special value of the relevant information. 2, the interview method: consulting the relevant to have certain experience in teachers in related content for swimming lessons. 3, observation: by observing the swimming lessons, understand the curriculum, content, program, to understand the problems and solutions.Third, the results of the study and analysis(a) the purpose of college offers swimming lesson. Colleges and universities sports curriculum is an important part of school curriculum system, is a central part of the higher school sports work, in the new period in the face of the new curriculum reform situation, public physical education in colleges and universities are faced with the opportunities and challenges. Therefore, college public physical education curriculum development should focus on subject need, student needs and social needs, to form a variety of forms of cross combination of curriculum structure groups.(2) to improve college students health awareness. Sports colleges and universities carry out quality education is not a simple physical exercise and games, but from on the basis of students physical health, according to their aptitude, development potential, improve the students sports participation, promote the body shape development, strengthen the cultivation of students social cooperation ability, so that the students in physical exercise, establish optimistic spirit, cultivate the ability of solidarity and collaboration, have the courage to overcome difficulties.The special value of (3) the swimming events. 1, improve the respiratory function. Due to the density of water about 800 times larger than the air, the water on the human body can produce 12 to 15 kg of pressure. Often take part in swimming, well will become more strong and vital capacity increased. Experiments show that the general adult male lung capacity around here, 3500-4000 liters, poor breathing in 6 to 8 cm, vital capacity can reach 5000-5000 - ml swimming athletes, breathing sent 12 to 15 cm. So quiet when breathing can appear slow and deep, well easy fatigue, and can meet the bodys oxygen demand (cod). 2, improve the function of cardiovascular system. The stimulation of water temperature and water pressure, put forward higher requirements on the cardiovascular system, recumbent posture in the water and water massage effect to the body, is advantageous to the venous blood backflow. Often swim myocardial wall layer, hemal wall thickening, increase the elasticity and every increase in cardiac output, quiet heart tends to slow. 3, promote the growth of muscle and bone development. Swimming, water resistance is greater than the air, and people swimming in the water, two arm stroke and two feet for water or push water, whole body muscle group were involved in the activity, the muscles of the body is a workout. 4, improve the bodys ability to adapt to the environment. When swimming in the air, water, sunlight, which under the influence of several kinds of natural conditions, the cerebral cortex to the regulation of heat generation and heat dissipation form conditioned reflex, strengthens to the cold stimulation reflex adjustment ability, and improve the ability of the bodys immune system to resist the disease. 5, swimming can develop good body shape. The energy dissipations of the swimming more than land movement. Test showed that the water in the 12 degrees to stay four minutes to send out quantity of heat is equal to the same temperature in the heat coming from the land by an hour. On the land to run 100 meters about 35 kcal of energy consumption, and in the water to swim 100 meters consumes 65 kcal of energy. Under visible, at the same time, the intensity of exercise, water exercise far more energy than the land.(4) of the university swimming class teaching method. 1, improve the teaching environment, to ensure sufficient practice time. Efforts to strengthen the importance of swimming lesson, adjust the teaching of physical education curriculum arrangement and swimming pool related policies, create good teaching environment for students. For example: in the swimming pool open, traffic the highest time for the matinee and your evening, and morning 8:30 12:00, 13:30 16:30 time swimming staff is relatively small, if at this time for the swimming class teaching can solve because caused by swimming pool staff in other time periods in the noisy environment teaching. 2, enrich the teaching means and organizational forms, enhance teaching effectiveness. Improving teaching methods and organizational management key still should change teaching knowledge and learning can cultivate the force condition. Can adopt flexible and varied teaching mode on teaching methods, such as heuristic, situational teaching and case teaching. 3, improve the teaching evaluation system. Teaching should be arranged according to the specific situation of the students in the process of teaching task and teaching schedule, and give full consideration to the students sports ability, gender differences, personality and individual demand factors, such as rolling group teaching is a kind of teaching method, is widely used in primary, intermediate, advanced set basically meet the needs of different levels student learning in the teaching evaluation, do not use a unified evaluation criteria to assess the students, but for individual differences to treat respectively. 4, extensive use of modern information technology, extend the teaching work. In view of the modern age characteristics of students, build a network teaching platform, to continue a continuation of classroom teaching. With the further popularization and development of modern network technology, between teachers and students can through the way such as blogs, campus BBS to complete technical advice, exchange experiences, learning, pull close the distance between teachers and students, both increased the feelings of the communication between each other, and allows teachers to effectively understand directly to the students learning situation and true feelings, is beneficial to more targeted in the next teaching, at the same time also strengthened the urged teachers to continue to study the power and responsibility. 5, actively carry out swimming competitions at all levels, and promote the school swimming sports development. With the gradual development of swimming exercise and popularization, there will be more and more colleges and universities to build swimming pool, swimming class teaching, to form a