高考-英语-作文-快速提分句子.docx

Studyhardandmakeyourselfexcellentandmakeourcountrystronger.写好英语句子的基本方法大家都知道，文章档次的高低取决于句子的质量。那么，怎样才能写出好的句子呢?平时的写作中不妨试一试下面的方法。一、代入法这是最常用的办法。同学们已经掌握了大量的习惯用语、固定词组和句型。写作时可以遵循一定的语法规则，按照句子的结构顺序，并依照其字面的意思灵活套用固定模式。特别提醒：此方法不要拘泥于形式，死搬硬套。1. 去年我在全校电脑竞赛中获一等奖。Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.2. 动动脑筋你就会想出办法来。Use your head then youll find a way.3. 我不知道那家饭店，但据说是家相当好的饭店。I dont know the restaurant, but its said to be quite a good one.二、还原法句子还原法就是把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构，看句子通不通顺，如果通顺，说明正确。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。1. 这是你昨天参观的工厂吗?Is this the factory which / that you visited yesterday?还原为陈述句：This is the factory which / that you visited yesterday.2. 是许多年以前我在华盛顿遇见过布莱克先生。It was many years ago that I met Mr. Black in Washington.还原为基本结构：Many years ago I met Mr. Black in Washington.3. 湖如此浅以至于里面没有鱼。So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.还原为正常语序：The lake is so shallow that no fish can live in it.三、分解法就是把一个句子分成两个或以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了又能减少写错句子的几率。1. 从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。There are students here from all over the country. Many of them are from the North.2. 我们要干就要干好。If we do a thing, we should do it well.3. 中秋时节农民们在田间干活。It was mid-August, and the peasants worked in the fields.四、合并法就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的表达能力，能提高文章的可读性。1. 天气转晴了，这是我们没有想到的。The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expected.2. 说来也巧，他俩年纪一样大，而且还是同日生的。Strange enough they were the same age to the day.3. 他侧身躺着，双目凝视着她。He was lying on his side watching her.五、删减法就是在写句子时把汉语句子里的某些词、词语或重复的成分删掉或省略，以避免句子罗索。1. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.英语中，东西说贵贱，价格说高低。所以原句中的“价”字不能译出，“物”与“这部打字机”，重复，应省略。2. 约翰足球踢得不比大卫好的话，也和他踢得一样好。John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.3. 她每天早晨来干活扫地、擦地板、收拾房间。She came to her work sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning every morning.英语中有些动词有时用作及物动词，有时用作不及物动词。当用作不及物动词时，宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的，为了使句子简练，不必要把宾语译出。六、换位法由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异，根据表达的需要，某些成分需要前置或后移。1. 没有尝过苦味的人不知道什么是甜。He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.定语从句放在先行词he之后。2. 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午10点钟之前交卷。I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before ten oclock in the morning.It放在动词后面作形式宾语，而真正的宾语从句义到了句子后面。3. 在老师叫我之前，一直没有人站起来回答问题。No one stood up to answer the question until the teacher called me.在英语中表示时间、条件、原因等的状语，如果不为了强调，一般放在句子后面。七、分析法有时我们在写作时，需要认真分析，才能写出语法和语义都正确的句子。1. 从小山望去，这座城市非常漂亮。Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful.分词短语作条件状语，其动词的逻辑主语也就是整个句子的主语，之间是被动关系，即the city是seen逻辑上的承受者。因此应用过去分词。同学们平时写作时经常误用现在分词。2. 没有收到回信，他决定再写一次。Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，且与逻辑主语是主动关系时，分词用现在完成式having done; 非谓语动词的否定结构为not+非谓语动词。写带非谓语动词的句子，我们一般是用下面的规律：逻辑主谓用现分；逻辑动宾用过分；没有逻辑用独立；分谓同时一般式；分前谓后完成式；正在被动being done;完成被动having been done。3. 读者不需要知道每个字的准确意思就能顺利读懂。Readers can get along quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.经过仔细推敲和分析句子成分，可知本句没有说出具体的宾语(“书本”或“读物”)，本来的固定词组get along well with sth.不需要宾语就可省略介词了。八、意译法有的同学在写句子时，一遇见生词，就“山穷水尽疑无路”了。可以绕开难点，在保持原意的基础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。这是避难就易的一种方法。1. 汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。Tom was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door.2. 有志者事竟成。Where there is a will, there is a way.3. 你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中，悉听尊便。You can go with us or stay at home, whichever you choose.当然，同学们在写句子时千万不要拿句子去套方法，也不要拿方法去套句子。处处留心皆学问。只要加强知识的积累，一定还会有更多更好的方法。【请做以下练习】1. 这是我的名片，我们保持联系吧！2. 受到如此严重污染之苦，现在才去净化河水未免太晚了。3. 不管他对你说什么你都不要信。4. 写作文时留出让老师写评语的地方。5. 因为他身体不好，医生禁止他喝酒。6. 在巴黎住了50年后，他回到了他小时候生长的小镇。7. 他所有的东西都被没收了吗?8. 直到今天母亲还坚持说她当时以为我只是开开玩笑罢了。9. 做事的能力要紧的不是你从哪里来或是做什么的。10. 他的口音是他露出马脚。11. 清晨街上来往的车辆稀少。12. 假如我们有坚强的意志，不管困哪有多大，我们都能克服。【参考答案】1. Heres my card. Lets keep in touch.2. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.3. Whatever he tells you / No matter what he tells you, dont believe it.4. If you are writing a composition, youd better leave a space for the teacher to write comments.5. He was in poor health, so the doctor forbade him to drink wine.6. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.7. Has everything he had been taken away?8. Mother insisted to this day that she thought I was just joking.9. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.10. His accent gave him away.11. It was early in the morning, and traffic on the street was light.12. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, however / no matter how great it is.一、简单句是由一个主谓结构组成的句子。谓语动词在使用时应考虑以下问题：是及物动词还是不及物动词?是助动词还是系动词?是描述动作还是表示状态?是短暂性动词还是持续性动词?(一) 主语+不及物动词1. 他一直盼望的那封信终于来了。2. 秘书工作到深夜，为校长准备一份长篇发言稿。3. 生活费用上涨了百分之四十。4. 他们停下来休息。5. 我们一早就动身了，天黑才到家。6. 他每天工作都很卖力。7. 听了这个消息，她悲伤地哭了。8. 在上学的路上，我的自行车突然出故障了。9. 太阳从东方升起从西方落下。10. 一切顺利。【参考答案】1. The letter that he had been looking forward to finally came.2. The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president.3. The cost of living has gone up by 40%.4. They stopped to have a rest.5. We set off early in the morning and got home after dark.6. He works hard every day.7. Hearing the news, he cried sadly.8. My bike suddenly broke down on my way home.9. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.10. Everything is getting on well.(二) 主语+及物动词+宾语11. 他通过印刷著名作家的作品而发了财。12. 你多久能画完那张画?13. 售货员叱责这位被抓住的女孩的偷窃行为并将她赶了出去。14. 去年暑假，我学习了一门如何制衣的课程。15. 时不我待。16. 我们应该帮助残疾人。17. 你愿意和我一起吃午饭吗?18. 所有报纸头版都报道了中美贸易会谈的消息。19. 你最后一次是在何时何地见到他的?20. 门需要喷漆。【参考答案】11. He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers. 12. How soon can you finish the drawing?13. The salesman scolded the girl caught stealing and let her off.14. Last summer I took a course on how to make dress.15. Time and tide wait for nobody.16. We should help the disabled people.17. Would you like to have lunch with me?18. All the leading newspaper reported the trade talks between China and the United States.19. When and where did you last see him?20. The door needs to be painted / painting.二、复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。从句可分为状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句。(一) 状语从句1. 战后，在曾经是一家医院的地方建成了一所学校。2. 无论他回家多晚，母亲总要等他一起吃晚饭。3. 既然你有那么好的工作，为什么还要份新的呢?4. 母亲很焦急，因为小爱丽丝病了，尤其当父亲还在法国的时候。5. “舞会怎么样?”“好极了。好多年没玩得那么开心过了。”6. 如果说约翰踢球不比大卫好的话，也和他一样好。7. 我匆忙赶路一边上课不迟到。8. 虽然他很年轻，但他知道的东西却相当多。9. 在老师阻止你之前，你一直在干什么呢?10. 直到河里所有的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染的严重性。11. 除非别人先对他开口，他从不先讲话。12. 我一面沿河散步，一面看信。13. 我做完家庭作业后弹钢琴。14. 只要我们不灰心，会找到克服困难的办法的。15. 第一次遇见她，我就认为她善良诚实。【参考答案】1. After the war, a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre.2. However late he is, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.3. Why do you want a new job, when youve got such a good one already.4. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as Father was away in France.5. “What was the party like?” “Wonderful. Its years since I enjoyed myself so much.”6. John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.7. I hurried so that I wouldnt be late for class.8. Although he is young, he knows quite a lot.9. What had you been doing before our teacher stopped you?10. Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.11. He never speaks unless he is spoken to.12. I read the letter as I walked along the river.13. I played the piano after I did / had done my homework.14. So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.15. I thought her nice and honest the first I met her.(二) 定语从句1. 众所周知，月球围绕地球每月转一次。2. 这部电影把我带到在那遥远的村庄我受到呵护的时光。3. Dorothy总是极高地评价她在戏中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。4. 在巴黎住了50年后，他回到了他童年生长的小镇。5. 这是我今年到目前为止看过的最好的电影。6. 她听到了一种可怕的声音，这是她惊恐万分。7. 那老妇人有五个儿子，三个是军人。8. 你知道她没来的原因吗?9. 她是我们班书法最好的学生之一。10. 她的解题方法容易得多。【参考答案】1. As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. The moon travels round the earth once every month, as / which is known to everybody.2. The film brought the hours to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.3. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy.4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.5. This is the best film that I have seen so far this year.6. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.7. The old lady has five sons, three of whom are soldiers.8. Do you know the reason why he didnt come?9. He is one of the students whose handwriting are the best in our class.10. The way in which / that he worked out the problem is much easier.(三) 名词性从句1. 我们明天是否去野营要看天气了。2. 她的头发日渐灰白使她有些着急。3.“你记得他是怎么来的吗?”“记得。他乘车来的。”4. 计算机只能照你的指令去做。5. 事实上英语作为国际语言正被世人所接受。6. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西更好(即：这山望着那山高)。7. “上周我驱车到珠海看航空表演去了。”“这就是你请了几天假的原因吗?”8. 孩子要什么给什么通常被认为是不聪明的。9. 你能确定艾莉丝把金戒指放哪儿了吗?10. 奖品将给得第一的人。【参考答案】1. Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. / That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit.3. “Do you remember how he came?” “Yes. I do. He came by car.”4. A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.5. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.6. What we cant get seems better than what we have.7. “I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.” “Is that why you had a few days off?” 8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.9. Can you make sure where Alice had put the gold ring?10. The prize will be given to whoever wins the first place.备考高考英语主语从句考点的四个要点一、弄清主语从句有哪些引导词可以用于引导主语从句的词语主要有五类：连词that和whether、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词型what、关系代词型-ever类词在一个句子中到底该什么样的“引导词”，主要根据句子意思以及句子结构来确定。如：1. That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. 各个国家不同的时尚潮流从一个方面反映了各国之间的文化差异。2. When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 那架延误的班机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。3. What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working. 我们期待你的是努力做事，而不是几乎什么都不做。【分析】第1句用that引导主语从句，that既不充当句子成分，也没有具体的含义；第2句用when引导主语从句，when在主语从句中充当时间状语，表示“何时”；第3句用what引导主语从句，what在主语从句中用作动词expect的宾语，在意思上相当于the thing that。二、弄清什么情况下使用形式主语为避免头重脚轻，人们通常会将主语从句置于句末，而在主语位置处使用形式主语it。如：1. It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike. 完全不清楚总统要做什么才能结束那场罢工。2. It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. 新形成的委员会的政策能否贯彻落实还有待被观察。3. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth. 尽管卢卡斯先生拥有大量的财富，但是他过着简朴的生活，这真是让人难以置信。【分析】第1句真正的主语是主语从句what the president can do to end the strike；第2句真正的主语是主语从句whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice；第3句真正的主语是主语从句that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth。三、正确理解关系代词型what引导的主语从句what引导主语从句时有两种意思：一是表示“什么”，此时的what为疑问代词转化来的连接代词；二是表示“的”“所的”等，相当于all that, the thing that, the things that等，我们称此时的what为关系代词型 what。如：1. What we do next lies with him. 我们下一步做什么要由他决定。2. What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 你在会上的发言为公司描述了一幅美好的前景。3. What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 我想告诉你的是我对我父母的深爱和尊重。【分析】第1句中的what连接代词，表示“什么”；第2、3句中的what为关系代词型what，在意思上相当于the thing that。四、正确理解关系代词型-ever类词引导的主语从句这里所说的关系代词型-ever类词主要指whatever, whoever, whichever等词，它们引导主语从句时的主语从句的一个明显特点是，在意义上相当于“先行词+关系代词”，即 whatever=anything that，whoever=anyone who，whichever=anyone who / anythat。如：1. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks. 剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。2. Whoever wants to stay