初二上各单元知识点及练习.docx

初二（上）Unit 1: How often do you exercise?【复习目标】 会使用频率副词及短语；能描述课余时间的活动安排；会描述基本饮食结构。【重点词汇】 always, usually , often, sometimes , hardly , ever, never. how often, once , twice , three times a week , every day. milk, junk food, health, unhealthy, habit, exercise, most, result, try, different maybe, although, arm, foot, tooth, ear, eye, advice, thirsty ,forget, finish, plan . 【语法知识聚焦】一般现在时The Simple Present Tense 一般现在时表示现在的状态He is twelve. 他十二岁。They are at home. 他们在家。表示经常性或习惯性的动作I go to school at seven every day.He plays soccer on Sundays.表示主语具备的性格和能力等She likes apples.They speak Japanese.She is medium build.肯定式I am a cleaner.You are right.He / She / It is here.We / You / They are outgoing 否定式I am not aYou are notHe / She / It is notWe / You / They are not否定式和疑问式We go to school at seven every day.We dont go to school at seven.Do you go to school at seven?Yes, we do.（No, we dont.）否定式和疑问式He goes to school at seven every day.He doesnt go to school at seven.Does he go to school at seven?Yes, he does.(No, he doesnt.)一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。【应掌握的词组】- 1 -1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼 8. eating habits 饮食习惯9. take more exercise 做更多的运动 10. the same as 与什么相同 11. be different from 不同 12. once a month一月一次13. twice a week一周两次 14. make a difference to 对什么有影响 15. how often 多久一次 16. although = though虽然 17. most of the students=most students 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物19. as for至于 20. activity survey活动调查 21. do homework做家庭作业 22. do house work做家务事 23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物 25. be good for 对什么有益 26. be bad for对什么有害27. want to do sth 想做某事 【应掌握的句子】1.How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？ How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。” (“How often do you go to the factory?” “Twice a week. ”)“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。” (“How often do they have a dancing party?” “Usually, once every other week.”)“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。” (“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”)2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。 翻译： What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies. What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking. 3. “Whats your favorite program?” “Its Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”4. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story，youd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。 (As for myself, I dont want to go now. )至于那个人，我什么都不知道。(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”； want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。6. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。【能力训练】 一、maybe / may be 1. The baby is crying she is hungry. 2. The woman a teacher .maybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是.，也许是.，大概是.”.二、a few / few / a little / little 1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150. 2. There is time left, I dont catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk? a few (少数的，几个，一些)a little (一点儿，少量)表示肯定few (很少的，几乎没有的) little (很少的，几乎没有的)表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词三、none / no one 1、 of the pens are mine . 2、 is in the classroom.none指人或物，强调数量，用how many提问，常与of连用。no one 多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。四、hard / hardly 1. The ground is too to dig2. I can understand them.3. Its raining ,the people can go outside. hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。Hardly意为“几乎不”。Unit 2 Whats the matter? 【重点词汇】 head, nose, eye, ear, tooth, neck, stomach, back, leg, arm, foot, throat thirsty, stressed out,/ dentist, lie, rest, honey, water, illness, advice. cold, fever, headache, toothache, stomachache, sore throat【复习目标】 掌握身体各部位名称的英文表达方式 能表述身体的种种不适以及对他人身体的种种不适给予适当的建议【应掌握的词组】- 7 -1. Have a cold 感冒 2. sore back 背痛 3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进 4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach5. Whats the matter? 怎么了？= Whats the trouble (with you)? = Whats your trouble?= Whats wrong (with you)? = What the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you? = Is there anything wrong (with you)? = whats up?6. sore throat 咽喉痛 7. lie down and rest 躺下休息 8. see a dentist 看牙医 9. drink lots of water 多喝水 10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 11.Thats a good idea 好主意12.Thats too bad 太糟糕了 13.I think so 我认为如此14. Im not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服 = Im not feeling fine/all right. = Im feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I dont feel well.15. get some rest 多休息 【应掌握的句子】1 Whats the matter? I have a bad cold. 你怎么了？我得了重感冒。翻译：他怎么了？他胃痛。 魏芳怎么了？她背痛。 2Maybe you should see a dentist. 或许你应该看牙医。翻译：我应该上床睡觉。 李平应该躺下休息。 我们不应该上课吃东西。 3I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。翻译：我希望他明天能来。 4Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。翻译：老师认为我们应该努力学习以取得好成绩。 我相信每天晚上睡眠8个小时很重要。 5Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。翻译：吃一些蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。 看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。 6People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang. 太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。7Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet. 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。翻译：学好英语不是很容易的。 上课注意听讲是必要的。 完成作业也很重要。 8When you are tired, you shouldnt go out at night. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出。翻译：他小的时候就知道应该努力学习。 他5岁就上学了。 我们进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。 9I believe him, but I cant believe in him. 他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。10I am not feeling very well at the moment. 这段时间我感觉不大好。Im tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。11Im stressed out because my Mandarin isnt improving. 我很容易紧张，因为普通话没有长进。12I practice playing the piano every day.我每天练习弹钢琴。翻译：他每天练习踢足球。 我们应该每天练习说英语。 13She had finished writing the letter when I went in.我进去时，她已经写完信了。翻译：他踢完足球去游泳了。 【能力训练】一、补全对话小明生病了，他流鼻涕，还不停的咳嗽。现在他正在看医生，请阅读并补全他们的对话。A: Im not feeling well, doctor.B: Whats the 1 ?A: Well, I have a runny nose and I 2 stop coughing.B: You have 3 a cold. Take some medicine and 4 a good sleep. Youll 5 better soon.A: Thank you doctor.二、连词成句1. should, he, bed, to, go, early_.2. have, you, do, throat, sore, a _?3. should, to, healthy, you, exercise, stay_.4. shouldnt, she, tired, when, study, she, is_ _.5. Sonja, shouldnt, party, tonight, to, go, the, certainly_.三、语法填空 1. What is she doing now? She _ _ (play) the kite now.2. Where did he go on vacation? He _ (stay) at home.3. I am tired now. I _(study) late last night.4. My mom_(like) the color of blue, but my grandparents _(like) the color of yellow.5. A: I _ _ _ (feel) well now. B: You should go to the doctor.6. He believes that I should _(have) a good habit.四、翻译句子 1. 牛奶能帮助你保持健康的身体。Milk can _ you _have a healthy body.2. 我爸爸让我好好学习英语。My father _ me _ study English well.3. 我妈妈说我应该晚饭尽量少吃肉。My mom said that I should _ _ eat less meat for dinner.4. 不要太疲劳，不然会使你生病的。Dont _ too tired. Or it will _ you sick.5. 我相信每天晚上8个小时的睡眠很重要。I believe that its _ _ sleep 8 hours each night.【参考答案点拨】一答案： 1. matter/trouble 2. cant 3. caught/had/got 4. have 5. feel/be/get解析：1. Whats the matter? 和Whats the trouble? 是医生向病人询问病情时的常用语句，答案为matter/trouble。2本句中前部分用了动词have， 因此而推断本题为一般现在时，又从语言背景中得知：他不停的咳嗽，因此答案为cant。3此句为现在完成时态，主动词have+动词的过去分词。have a cold, catch a cold, get a cold 都表示患了感冒，因此答案为caught/had/got5. Youll 是 You will 的缩写形式，其后应该接动词原形，better是形容词，必须与连系动词连用，因此答案为feel/be/get。二、1. He should go to bed early.2. Do you have a sore throat?3. You should exercise to stay healthy.4. She shouldnt study when she is tired5. Sonja certainly shouldnt go to the party tonight.三、答案： 1is playing2. stayed3. studied 4. likes, likes 5. am not feeling6. have解析： 1. 根据问句得出，动词play 应该用现在进行时，所以答案为is playing.2. 根据问句得出，动词stay应该用一般过去时，所以答案为stayed. 3. 由于本句的时间状语为last night, 所以动词study应该用一般过去时，所以答案为studied. 4. 根椐句意，某人喜欢某种颜色属于个人的习惯与爱好，应该用一般现在时表示，两处主语都是第三人称单数，所以答案为likes, likes.5. 根据You should go to the doctor. 推断出答案应该是：am not feeling。 6should 为情态动词，其后应该加动词原形，因此答案为have. 四、答案：1. help, to 2. tells, to 3. try to 4. be, make 5. important to解析：1. 本题考查动词短语help sb. to do sth. （帮助某人做某事）的用法，答案为help, to.2. 好好学习 我们理解为是父母经常对我们的嘱咐，应该用一般现在时，tell sb. to do sth. 意为让某人做某事，答案为tells, to。3. 本题考查动词短语try to do sth. 意为: 尽量/努力/试图做某事, 所以答案为try to.4. 表示疲劳要用系表结构be tired. will 为助动词, 其后应该加动词原形，表示某事物使得某种情况发生, 其中的使得 应该用动词make 来表示，因此答案为be, make.5. 本题考查固定句型Its.to do sth. 例如: Its good to help others. Its bad for your eyes to read in bed. 等。因此本题答案为important to.Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?【重点词汇】 babysitting, going sightseeing, going fishing how long / plan, decide / at home, get back【复习目标】 会使用现在进行时态表示未来计划 会使用wh-特殊疑问句【应掌握的词组】1. babysit ones sister 照顾妹妹 2. visit ones grandmother 看望奶奶 3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光 4. visit cousins 看望表弟等 5. go to sports camp 去运动野营 6. o to the beach 去海滩 7. go camping 去野营8. Go shopping 去买东西 9. go swimming 去游泳 10. go boating去划船 11. go skating 去溜冰 12. go walking去散步 13. go climbing 去登山 14. go dancing去跳舞 15. go hiking 去徒步远足 16. go sightseeing 去观光 17. go house-hunting 去找房子 18. o on a hike 徒步旅行， go bike riding 骑自行车旅行， go fishing 去钓鱼 19. do some shopping 买东西 20. do some washing 洗衣服 21. do some cooking 作饭 22. do some reading 读书 23. do some speaking训练口语 24. do some sewing 做缝纫活25. that sounds nice 那好极了 26. at home 在家27. how about=what about 怎么样？ 28. how long 多长时间 29. how far 多远 30. how often 多长时间一次31. how much, how many 多少 32. have a good time 【应该掌握的句子】1What are you doing for vacation? Im babysitting my sister.假期你要做什么？我要照顾我的妹妹。翻译：周末他要做什么？他要去滑划板。 李平假期要做什么？他要去野营。 2Who are you going with? Im going with my parents.你要和谁一起去？我要和父母一起去。翻译：王林要和谁一起去观光？他要和他的朋友们一起去。 我要和同学们一起去游泳。 我和父母要去游览长城。 3When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.4Im going to Tibet for a week. 我要去西藏一周。翻译：你要去西藏多长时间？ 他们假期要在家里呆一个月。 5What are you doing there? Im going hiking in the mountains.你在那里要做什么？ 我要在山区里远足。6Show me your photos when we get back to school. 我们返回学校时，你把照片拿给我看。翻译：我来把我的新照片拿给你看看。 他长大时想当一名时装杂志的记者。 7Where are you going for vacation? Im going to Hawaii for vacation. 你要去哪度假？我要去夏威夷度假。翻译：他要去哪度假？他要去泰国度假。 8Im going to Hawaii for vacation in December, and Im staying for three weeks.我要在12月去夏威夷度假，在那里呆3个星期。翻译：他打算在11月2日去海南度假，在那呆大约1个月。 9What is it like there? 那里什么样子？翻译：那部电视剧怎么样？ 那里的天气怎么样？ 你和谁一起去？ 10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans? 我可以问你一些有关你假期计划的问题吗？翻译：我能吃点肉吗？ 他向我打听你家的情况。 11. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada. 他考虑去希腊或西班牙，但是最后他决定去加拿大。翻译：我总是在欧洲读假。 【能力训练】 一、以所给词的适当形式填空 （15分）(一)1.Tom,our monitor,_(take)a long vacation this summer.2.He thought about_ (go)to Beijing,but finally decided on Hainan.3.“I always take vacation in north of China,”he said.“This time I_(want)to do something different.I heard that Hainan is very beautiful,and I know there are many people there who_(speak) Yueyu.”（二）1.I hear you _(go) to Tibet for working next year.2.She was _(interest) in the places of _(interest) in China.3.He planned _(take) walks with his lovely dog after supper.4. I cant wait_(open) the presents.5.I cant stand _(go) camping or _(hike) alone. 二、句型转换（15分）1.We are going to the beach for weekend.(变一般疑问句)_ _ _ to the beach for weekend?2.I am visiting my cousins for vacation.(对划线部分提问)_ _ you _ for vacation?3.They are going to Italy next week.(对划线部分提问)_ _ they _ to next week?4.The Greens are going bike riding for holiday.(对划线部分提问)_ _ the Greens_ for holiday?5.They are staying there for two weeks.(对划线部分提问)_ _ _ they staying there?三、根据汉语提示完成句子（15分）1.我认为去泰国度假是个不错的计划。I think _ a good _ _ _ to _ _ vacation.2. 你要和谁骑马去观光？_ are you _ horses to go _ with?3.小明正在考虑是先写完作业还是先练钢琴？Is Xiao Ming thinking _ _ his homework or _ the piano first.4.当你回来时不要忘记把照片给我们看看。Dont _ _ _ your photos to us when you _back.5.我听说他将要动身去乡村感受自然。I heard he _ _ for the _ to enjoy _.【答案】一、(一)is taking, going , want , speak (二)1. are going 2, interested, interests 3. t o take 4. to open 5. going hiking二、1.Are you going 2. Who are visiting 3. What are going 4. What are doing 5. How long are三、1.its plan to go Thailand for 2. Who riding sightseeing 3. about doing practicing 4. forget to show, get 5. was leaving countryside natureUnit 4 How do you get to school?【重点词汇】 get to, how far./ bicycle, subway, car, train. bus stop, train station, bus station, subway station minute, kilometer, mile, transportation , calendar【复习目标】 学会谈论交通工具 合理安排行程，并合理选用交通工具【应掌握的词组】- 11 -1. get to school 到校 2. get home 到家 3. how about=what about .怎么样？4. take the subway 乘地铁 5. ride a bike 骑自行车 6. take the bus乘公共汽车7. take the train乘火车 8. take a taxi乘坐出租车 9. go in a parents car 坐父母的车10. by bike, bike bus, by subway, by taxi