四级写作应试技巧.doc

英语四级作文常用句型在运用时正确选择词汇非常重要，考生切不可盲目地追求大词、生词。其实，四级作文要求考生选词范围尽可能灵活宽泛，但非常忌讳以辞害义，如果能够用decrease，就别用plummet(也是下降的意思)。那么考生到底怎样才能利用有限的词汇资源，写出比较鲜活的英语作文呢?笔者在此推荐如下使用词汇技巧：(1)尽量使用同义词避免简单重复如“增加”可用 increase, rise, grow, climb, go up, soar等;“重要”可用 important, critical, vital, significant, crucial等。(2)尽量使用词性变化来丰富自己的表达手段和汉语一样，变化词性也是丰富英语表达的重要途径，是学习者提高英语水平的重要标志。英语学习者如果能够用to voice some different opinions 来替代to give/express some different opinions; 或to double/triple 来表示翻倍或增加三倍则会使文章在表达上更为形象而生动。(3)尽量使用派生形式来点缀文章亮点英语的构词特点就是使用前缀、后缀来完成灵活多变的语言特色。例如，it is of great importance/help/use/significance 来替代 it is very important/significant/helpful/useful 本身就是英语水平的一个综合展示。另外，考生作文如果能够出现not unnecessary/not unimportant 来表达非常重要或者必要，则更能显示考生的英语功底。6. 灵活运用句式变化的规则前面也提过，四级作文长度要求不少于120个词，按考生作文句子的平均长度11个词估算，一般需要1012 个句子。在四级作文评分标准里，对于句子长度虽然没有具体描述和量化给分，但是阅卷老师一般都会给文章里使用正确的长句子加上印象分，也会给错落有致的句式变化以奖励分数，如果考生能够在作文中恰当地使用一定难度的复杂句子，则更能起到锦上添花的作用。在写作训练中，考生其实可以欣赏范文，摘录名句，改装结构，模仿使用，直到熟练运用。笔者认为只要努力，下面的策略可以帮助立志争取作文高分的学生可以通过下面的几个措施来提高作文水平。(1)欣赏范文，但不要囫囵吞枣式地整篇背诵。准备一个写作专用的笔记本，从范文欣赏中摘抄自己喜欢的、老师讲评的、值得推荐的句式结构。比如：I love you not because who you are, but because who I am when I am with you.(我爱你，并不是因为你是谁，而是因为我跟你在一起时的感觉。) Few People today, if any at all, would risk their lives swimming across the river dominated by flesh-eating crocodiles.(今天已经很少有人，如果还有的话，愿意冒生命危险游过那条鳄鱼出没的河流。), If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.(如果你没能做计划，你就是计划着去失败。)(2)模仿名句，但不要生搬硬套。准备足够的草稿纸，把自己摘抄来的名句，(如有不懂，应当向明白人求教)拆卸八块，然后重新组合，如是反复数次，直到熟练，甚至于可以自如组装，灵活运用。比如：上面的句子学生就可以在熟练掌握的基础上分别演绎出：I suggest that you choose English as your major not because it is easier to learn, but because it is promising when you take better prospect of employment into account.(我建议你选择英语专业，并不是因为她学起来更容易，而是因为她更有前景，如果你考虑到更好的就业机会。);Most of the students, if not all, are likely to be absorbed in PC games such as counterstrike, which is more frequently known as CS(大多数学生，如果不是所有的学生，很可能被诸如反击这样的电脑游戏所吸引，这种游戏经常被更多的人叫做CS。).(3)巧用心思，套用经典句型。鼓起勇气，说出自己想说的话，如果是母语，可能还好办，换成英语，大家最怕的是出错，出错扣分当然不好。但是利用经典句型组装一些长句子、靓句子和复杂句子对作文高分非常有帮助。比如作文开头常用句型：It is undoubted that ; there is no doubt that; undoubtedly, there is; It is beyond doubt that .(4) 写作是学生英语运用水平的具体体现，写作的功夫又是通过阅读、欣赏、模仿等具体手段训练出来的。写作过程中间很多实用技巧，需要读者舍得花时间、花精力、花心思去挖掘、去发现，只要你定期阅读我们的辅导专栏，相信你一定会收获N多的惊喜。英语四级考试作文的评分依据是：文章切题，条理清楚语言准确和字数符合要求，所谓切题就是要求考生紧扣文章大纲；条理则要求考生词汇、语法运用不出错误；四级作文的字数要求一般是不少于100字。要在30分钟的时间内，达到这些要求，没有一套行之有效的方法显然是不行的。在这里，我们为大家提供四级写作的一般技巧。一、审题1.审体裁（议论文，说明文，描述文）审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。那么体裁包括那些呢？它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的糅合体。例如：Directions:For this part,your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topicTrying to Be A Good University Student.You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:做合格大学生的必要性做合格大学生的必备条件（可以从德智体方面谈）我计划怎样做很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为，第一段要求写“必要性”，则是议论文；第二段要求写“必备条件”，则要求写说明文；第三段要求写“这样做”，则要求写描述文。所以在大多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的糅合体。2.确定相应的写作方法我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们可以看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，第三段为描述体。而各种文体又有不同的写作方式：议论文：要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面第一段的思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样（这是从正面论述）；不能做合格的大学生，又会怎么样（从反面论述）；所以我们要做合格的大学生（结论）。说明文：可以从几方面来说明一个问题，可以从德智体三方面来说明合格大学生的必要性。描述文：以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，他要与第二段相呼应进行描述。二、确定主题句审完题后，接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步就是确定主题句，主题句既能保证你不跑题，又能帮助你制定写作思路。而写主题句最保险的方法就是直接翻译中文提纲，如上述之段主题句为：It is very necessary to be a good university student.(议论体的主题句)There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(说明体的主题句)What I will do in the future is the following.(描述体的主题句)三、组织段落确定主题句后，接下来的工作就是展开论述。许多考生真正犯难的也是这一步。最基本的解决办法是扩大词汇量，丰富自己的语法存储。在写作时，语法和词汇都是最基本的。然而，组织段落的能力也是尤为重要的（接下来的连贯与衔接部分，我们更为详细的为大家讲解）。行文时，不只是提供一些information,还要学会运用一些examples,personal experiences,comparisions,descriptions等等，只有这样，才不会觉得无话可“写”。四、连贯与衔接1.列举法列举的模式通常是主题句-example 1-example 2-example 3列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like,thus, takeas an example, to illustrate 等词语.Nonverbal communication, or body language， is communication by facial expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures. It can be just as important to understanding as words are. Misunderstandings are often amusing but sometimes serious ones can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals. Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture are very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger. To an American, it means that everything is Ok. To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money. In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal.2.分类法一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library. First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many other languages. These books are organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file canned the card catalog. Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks. Second, there are reference works,which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself. Third, there are periodicals- magazines, newspapers, pamphlets-which are filed alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space. Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library.分类时常用：most of all， next，moreover， in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third3. 因果关系在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。Growing numbers of well-to-do Americans are making the decision to move abroad. They find it impossible in America to walk the streets at night without fear of being raped, mugged, or murdered, nor do they see a way to escape the poisonous air of the cities. They maintain that even American food has become increasingly dangerous to eat. Last but not least, they insist that they are sick of the pace of American life, a pace that leaves no time for relaxation or pleasure.因果关系常用语汇: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in4比较法主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。Learning English is like building a house. Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should read and speak English