四级写作总论.doc

作文评分标准：本题满分为15分1、 阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。2、 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。3、 评分标准2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。（注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分）4、 字数不足应酌情扣分： 字数11011910010990998089707960695059 49 扣分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 （注：1. 题目中给出的主题句、起始句、结束句等，均不得记入所写字数。 2. 规定的内容未写全者，按比例扣分。 3. 如果扣为0分，要慎重处理。） 5、 为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准，现将各档作文分相当于百分制的得分，列表于下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60（相当于百分制的60分）。作文分151413121110987654321得分率100948780746760544740342720147一、 书信作文：书信格式：（一）称呼1、写给机构：Dear Sir or Madam, 2、写给个人：Dear + 人名, （二）正文：3段，10句，120-150词，3-5个关联词，3-5个从句 1、第一段：2句1）自我介绍（私人书信除外）：I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University. 2）写作目的：I am writing the letter in purpose of .I am writing to inform you that I wish to .（1） 建议信：give/offer/render useful/practical/conducive suggestions/proposals/recommendations （2） 投诉信：express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding/concerning/as regards the canteen/library/bookstore 2、第二段：6句 1）翻译提纲一：2句 2）翻译提纲二：2句 3）翻译提纲三：2句2004年1月考题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 建议报考的专业及理由 practical 2. 报考该专业的基本条件 basic requirement oral English considerable (large) vocabulary 3. 应当如何备考 prepare for the tests practice enlarge 3、第三段：2句1）表示感谢（私人建议信除外）：（1） My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. （2） Words fail me when I wish to express my sincere gratitude to you. （3） I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you render me.2）期待回信：（1）I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. （2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. （3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.（三）落款：Yours sincerely, Li Ming经典书信：1、 万能框架：求学/职信，Dear Sir or MadamI am a senior from the Department of Business Administration of Beijing University. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for admission into your esteemed institution/your recently advertised position for a staff member.I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work experience. Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to studying in your prestigious university/working as a staff member. Last, my hobbies include sports and music.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude to the help you render me. Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely,Li Ming2、 邀请信：Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party. Write an invitation letter to them individually:1） 邀请他们参加晚会，2） 说明举办晚会的原因，3） 为他们安排了什么活动Dear Mark,I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Smiths wedding ceremony with Ms. Mary to be held at Fuzhou Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2011. As you are a close friend of us, we would like you to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven oclock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company. Yours sincerely,Li Ming二、 口头作文（致辞）： welcome speech 1: introduce oneself 2: extend a warm welcome to the tourists on behalf of the travel service 3: express the willingness to serve guests 4: introduce the hotel 5: make notices or tips Good morning, ladies and gentlemen:Im so happy to be your guide during your visit in Guilin. My name is Lily. Were from Guilin CITS. On behalf of our company, we warmly welcome you to visit Guilin. In the days of follow, we will be accompanying you to tour the beautiful lakes and mountains in the this region. And well try our best to make your visit pleasant and interesting. If you have any problems or requests, please do not hesitate to let us know.During you stay in Guilin, Id like to remind you of four important things. First, we are a group of 20 people. Please be punctual during your travel. Otherwise we will waste time. Second. Please stay healthy. Dont drink tap water in the hotel . we should drink mineral water. The weather in spring is changeable. So it is necessary to take a coat with you when you leave the hotel. Also, I hope you will remember the parking spot and the bus number -. The last thing is to take good care of your personal belongs: your handbag, passport, wallet and camera. Thank you for your attention. I hope your trip in Guilin will be a pleasant one.（一） 最新真题：1、04年6月：导游词， Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guideline:Your role: a tour guide Your audience: a group of foreign touristsYour introduction should include: -Some welcoming words -The schedule for the day - A description of the place the tourists will be visiting( e. g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc. )You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.1: 2、05年1月：竞选演讲， Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write A Campaign Speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任学生会主席的工作，2. 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？（二） 万能框架：开幕词，Speechladies and gentlemen,Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing! To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself. I am the president of Motorola (China) Electronics Ltd.The following is my introduction to the conference. First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation. Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt welcome to all the guests and delegates. Last, I believe our cooperative efforts are sure to be productive. I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you. If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time. Thank you for your attention.告示：(poster announcement notice bulletin )三、（一） 最新真题：1、2006年6月17日：招募启事， Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1 校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。2 本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3 报名条件及联系方式2、2007年6月：招新启事， Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join to a club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 本社团的主要活动内容2. 参加本社团的好处3. 如何加入本社团（二） 万能框架：比赛通告，AnnouncementDirections:The Students Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest. Write an announcement which covers the following information:1) the purpose of the contest,2) time and place of the contest,3) what is required of the candidates,4) details of the judges and awards.Do not sign your own name at the end of the announcement. Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature.Chinese-Speaking Contest June 10, 2007To improve students ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students Union of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese-speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week (17June) at the Students Recreational Center. Those who are interested in talking part in it may sign up with the monitors of their classes before Tuesday next week. Five professors will be invited to be judges. The first six winners will be given awards. Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students UnionDepartment of Chinese Language and Literature(活动目的，组办方，活动内容，时间，地点)recreational center auditorium gymnasium 议论文（一）2005年12月Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below : 1 名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3 我认为 （二）2006年6月24日Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Students Selecting their Lecturers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1、 有些大学允许学生自主选择某些课程的任课老师2、 学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素3、 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题（三）2006年12月Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic On the Spring Festival Gala. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1）许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会2）但有些人提出取消春节晚会3）我的看法（四）07年12月： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled What Electives to Choose. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 本学校开了各种各样的选修课2. 学生选课有不同的原因3. 就我而言练习：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on Bicycle. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below : 1: 中国被称为自行车王国2：自行车与小汽车比较3: 我的看法1、 原因列举：2、 观点陈述：3、 利弊说明：4、 利弊说明： Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people -man and woman, old and young-ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called the kingdom of bicycles. Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring neither noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents. In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.Reading Selectively Or Extensively(2分) Most people thought that read books should have been selectived. But others belived reading extentively was correction. Selective books or reading extensively? Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas, on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we intrested, and it would be helpful for us. on another hand. Someones intresting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldnt reading at only one level. I confirmed all of these ideas were good but werent wise. As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Dont treat these books with rackless abandon.The best technology of reading is connect. Reading Selectively Or Extensively（14分）How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively. But others may not agree. They emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge hell have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.一、 万能句型：（一） 第一段：1、 现状说明： 1. ., most/many people believe that ., but other people2. When it comes to ., peoples opinions differ. Some believe that ., while others claim that . 3. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the of . Some people claim that ., while others believe that . 4. There is a general discussion today about the of . Those who criticize . argue that . They believe that . But people who advocate ., on the other hand, argue that . 5. Most people are of the opinion that . But I personally believe that . 6. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that . 7. Now, it is generally acknowledged that ., But I doubt whether .2、 图表描述： 1. In 1990, it increased/decreased from . to .2. By comparison with 1998, it decreased/increased by3. The figure has nearly doubled, that of last year.4. It has almost , compared with .5. The number is as much as that of 1990.6. It . percent of the total.7. The number was ., a of the 1990 total.（二） 第二段1、原因列举： 1. The phenomenon/change in . mainly the fact that .2. One may regard the phenomenon as a . 3. There are many for this dramatic growth/decrease. First, . Second, . Finally, .4. A number of factors can account for the change in .5. Another contributory factor of . is .6. Why .? Perhaps the primary reason is .7. . is also responsible for the in .2、观点陈述： 1. Although a lot of people believe that ., I whether the argument bears2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I that .3. Although the popular is that ., (a) current indicates that .4. They may be right about ., but they seem to to the fact that .5. Although it is widely accepted that ., it is unlikely to be tr