土力学词汇英汉对照.doc

Aabsorbed water吸着水accumulation sedimentation method累积沉淀法active earth pressure主动土压力Ea activity index活性指数Aadamic earth,red soil红粘土 additional stress(pressure)of subsoil 地基附加应力（压力）sz adverse geologic phenomena不良地质现象aeolian soils风积土aeolotropic soil各向异性土air dried soils风干土 allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力s 0 allowable settlement容许沉降alluvial soil冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane 破坏面与大主平面的夹角 angle of internal，external (wall) friction内摩擦角j 、外(墙背)摩擦角angular gravel,angular pebble角砾anisotropic soil各向异性土aquifer含水层aquifuge,impermeabler layer不透水层area of foundation base基础底面面积Aartesian water head承压水头artificial fills人工填土artificial foundation人工地基Atterberg Limits阿太堡界限 attitude产状average consolidation pressure平均固结压力average heaving ratio of frozen soil layer冻土层的平均冻胀率haverage pressure ,additional pressure of foundation base基底平均压力、平均附加压力p 、p0 Bbase tilt factor of foundation 基础倾斜系数bc、bq 、bgbase tilt factors基底倾斜系数bc、bq、bgbearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors 承载力系数Nc, 、Nq, 、NgCaliforniaBearing RatioCBR 承载比bearing stratum持力层bedrock,original rock 基岩 beginning hydraulic gradient 起始水力梯度(坡降)io Biot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishops slice method比肖普条分法 bound water 结合水(束缚水) boulder漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge桥梁bridge pier桥墩broken stone，crushed stone碎石bulk modulus体积模量buried depth of foundation基础埋置深度d buoyant density 浮密度rbuoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重）gCCalifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR) 加州承载比capillary rise毛细水上升高度capillary water毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级cementation胶结作用central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值fakchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing 圆形基础clay粘土clay content粘粒含量clay minerals粘土矿物clayey silt粘质粉土clayey soils ,clayly soils粘性土coarse aggregate粗骨料coarse-grained soils粗粒土coarse sand粗砂cobble卵石Code for design of building foundation建筑地基基础设计规范coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数Kacoefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数KPcoefficient ofcollapsibility湿陷系数dscoefficient of compressibility压缩系数a coefficient of curvature曲率系数Cccoefficient of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数K0coefficient of lateral pressure侧压力系数K0coefficient of permeability渗透系数kcoefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation 竖向固结(压密)系数cv.coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数khcoefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath a uniform strip load均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数asz 、asx、asxzcoefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneatha uniform round load at centre point均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数ar、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数at1、at2、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数ac、coefficient of vertical additional stress beneatha concentration load集中应力系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compression体积压缩系数mVcoefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesionless soils无粘性土 cohesive soils粘性土collapsibility湿陷性compactibility压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compactiontest 击实试验compaction factor压实系数lc compactness 密实度composite ground 复合地基compressibility 压缩性compression index压缩指数Cccompression(constrained modulus) 压缩（侧限）模量Escompression zone受力层，压缩层compression-curves压缩曲线（e-p和e-logp曲线） compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load集中力P staticcone penetration testCPT 静力触探试验confined water head承压水头 confining pressure周围压力consistency稠度 consistency limit稠度界限consolidated quick (direct) shear test固结快剪（直剪）试验 consolidated quick shear cohesion、angle of internal friction固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角ccq 、jcqconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test CU-test固结不排水三轴压缩试验 consolidated-undrained cohesion、angle of internal friction固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角ccu、jcuconsolidation apparatus固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidation curve 固结 (d-和d-logt曲线) consolidation settlement固结沉降scconsolidation test (contain compression test ) 固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验） constrained diameter of soil partical限制粒径d60constrained modulus侧限模量Escontact stress( pressure)接触应力（压力）contaminatedsoil 污染土corner-point method 角点法Coulombs theory of earth pressure库伦土压力理论 creep蠕变critical edge、critical, ultimate load of subsoil bearing capacity地基承载力的临塑荷载pcr、临界荷载p1/3 p1/4、极限荷载pucritical height of slope （土坡）临界高度critical hydraulic gradient临界水力梯度icrcritical void raio 临界孔隙比crushed stone,broken stone碎石culvert涵洞cushion垫层cyclic triaxial test周期三轴试验Ddamping ratio阻尼比lDarcys law 达西定律Debris flow泥石流deep foundation 深基础 deep mixing method 深层搅拌法degree of compaction 压实度lcdegree of consolidation固结度Udegree of saturation饱和度Sr densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩 density密度depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数dc、dq、dgdifferential settlement沉降差dike,levee 堤dilatancy 剪胀性diluvial fan洪积扇diluvial soils洪积土 direct shear test直接剪切试验dispersive clay分散性粘土disturbed samples扰动土样double layer双电层drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction排水剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cd、jddrained shear strength排水抗剪强度tdconsolidateddrained triaxialcompressiontest CD-test固结排水三轴压缩试验drift-sand流砂现象dry density干密度rddry gravity density (unit weight)干重度(容重)gddynamic elastic modulus动弹性模量Ed dynamic load动荷载dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic triaxial test动三轴试验dynamic shear modulus动剪切模量Gd dynamic strain，stress动应变ed、动应力sdEEarth dam土坝Earth material 土料earth pressure at rest静止土压力E0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学earthrock dam 土石坝earthwork土石方工程eccentric load偏心荷载eccentricity of foundation base loading (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距eeffective angle of internal friction 有效内摩擦角j effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c effective grain size有效粒径d10effective stress有效应力s effective stress pathESP 有效应力路径 elastic modulus，Youngs modulus弹性模量Eelectro-osmosis 电渗 embankments路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration 工程地质勘察engineering geologic drilling工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map工程地质图engineering geologicmapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologicprofile工程地质剖面图engineering geology工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学 equipotential lines 等势线excavation开挖excess hydrostatic pressure超静水压力excess pore water pressure(stress)超孔隙水压力(应力)expansibility and contractility胀缩性expansion ,swelling index回弹指数Ceexpansive soil膨胀土experience factor of settlement calculation沉降计算经验系数Ffactor of safety安全系数failure strength破坏强度failure surface 破坏面fault断层field identification 土的现场鉴别field observation 现场观测fill填土film water，film moisture 薄膜水 filter反滤层final settlement最终沉降量s final settlement by settlement observation calculating沉降观测推算的最终沉降量sfine sand细砂fine-grained soils, fines细粒土fissured soils裂隙粘土fissured water裂隙水flocculent structure絮凝结构 flow line 流线flow net流网 fold 褶皱flowing sand流砂现象fluvial soils冲积土footing，foundation基础foundation settlement地基（基础）沉降fraction粒组free swelling ratio自由膨胀率def free water自由水 free water elevation ，surface地下水位freezingmethod 冻结法friction coefficient offoundation base 基底摩擦系数frictionresistance ratio摩阻比frost boiling翻浆frozen heaving properties冻胀性frozen soils冻土GGapgraded soil不连续级配土General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏generalized procedure of slicesGPS普通条分法verticalgeostatic(self weight)stress (pressure) 竖向自重应力（压力）c、czgeosynthetics 土工合成材料geotechnical engineering岩土工程geotechnical investigation岩土工程勘察geotextiles 土工织物glacial soils冰积土grading curve级配曲线grain size粒径 grain size accumulation curve粒径累计（积）曲线 granularity粒度gravel圆砾gravelly sand砾砂gravelly soils砾类土 gravitational acceleration重力加速度g gravitational water重力水gravity density重力密度ggravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙ground tilt factor地面倾斜系数gc、gq、ggground treatment地基处理ground water地下水、潜水ground water level GWL,groundwater elevation ,surface,ground water tableGWT地下水位groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学grouting 灌浆Hhalf-space(semi-infinite body)半空间（半无限体）Hansens formula of ultimate bearing capacity汉森极限承载力公式hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度head of water水头Hheavy dynamic penetration testHDPT 重型动力触探试验height of retaining wall挡土墙高度H heigth of tensile area拉力区高度h0high liquid limit clay ,moCH,MH 高液限粘土、粉土 highway公路honeycomb structure蜂窝结构 hydraulic gradient水力梯度Ihydraulic head水头Hhydrometer method比重计法hydrostatic pressure静水压力 Iillite伊利石 immediate settlement瞬时沉降sd impermeable lager，impervious stratum不透水层inclined load倾斜荷载influence coefficients of settlement沉降影响系数w、wo、wc、wm、wrinitial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力initial tangent modulus初始切线模量Eiinorganic mineral substance无机矿物质in-situ test原位测试in-situ bearing test现场承载力试验 intermediam liquid limit clay CI中液限粘土internal friction angle 内摩擦角internal scour潜蚀isotropic soil各向同性土 JJanbus method of slices 杨布条分法 jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法joint 节理Kkaolinite 高岭石karst land feature 喀斯特地貌K0consolidation K0固结Llaminar flow层流landslide滑坡land subsidence 地面下沉lateral geostatic stress侧向自重应力cx, cylaterite 红土layer-wise summation method分层总和法 length of foundation base基础底面长度llimit equilibrium condition极限平衡条件limit of plasticity塑限wPlinear shrinkage ratio 线缩率line load线荷载 liquefaction液化liquefaction resistance抗液化强度 liquid limitLL液限wL liquidity indexLI液性指数IL loading test载荷试验local shear failure 局部剪切破坏 loess黄土logarithmic spiral对数螺旋线low liquid limit clay,moCL,ML 低液限粘土、粉土 MMagmatic rock (igneous rock)岩浆岩（火成岩）major, intermediate, minor principle stress 大、中、小主应力s1、s2、s3 marine soils海积土mass circle sliding method整体圆弧滑动法maximum ，minimum void ratio最大、最小孔隙比emax、eminmaximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base基底最大、最小压力pmax、pminmaximum, minimum dry density 最大、最小干密度rdmax、rdminmaximum dry density 最大干密度maximum expanded depth of plasticity region塑性区最大发展深度zmaxmedian grain diameter中值粒径d30medium sand中砂meniscus弯液面metamorphic rock 变质岩method of slice 条分法mingle soils混合土miscellaneous fill杂填土mo,silts,silty soils粉土(粉性土、粉质土)modulus of deformation, elasticity 变形模量E0 弹性模量E modulus of recompression再压缩模量modulus of resilience回弹模量Mohr-Coulomb law摩尔库仑定律 moisture-density test 击实试验 moisture ,water content含水量(率)wmontmorillonite蒙脱石muck, muck soils淤泥、淤泥质土mulching soils覆盖土mud pumping 翻浆冒泥Nnatural angle of repose自然（天然）休止角nomal stress法向应力sx、sy、sz non-cohesive soils无粘性土 non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降normallyconsolidation归一化 normally consolidated soilsN.C.soils正常固结土 Ooptimum moisture content 最优含水率organic soil 有机质土Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed、Esoedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪one-dimensional consolidation单向固结 （压密） optimum moisture，（water） content 最优含水量(率)woporganic soil有机质土，有机土 organic substance,organic matter有机质original rock 基岩over coarse-grained soils巨粒土overburden soils覆盖土overconsolidated soilsO.C,soils 超固结(过压密)土overconsolidation ratio OCR超固结（过压密）比Pparameters of shear strength 抗剪强度参数 partical size粒径 partical size analysis颗粒分析试验passive earth pressure被动土压力Ep path of percolation渗透途径Hpeat泥炭 pebble圆砾penetration resistace贯入阻力percent of soil particles土粒百分含量piperched water上层滞水 perennially frozen soil多年冻土permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层 permeability渗透性permeability test渗透试验phreatic line浸润线phreatic water潜水、地下水physical properties of rock岩石的物理性质 piezocone testCPTU孔压静力触探试验 piezometric head测压管水头piezometer head测压管水头h piping管涌 plane strain test平面应变试验plastic failure塑性破坏plastic flow塑流plastic limitPL塑限wP plastic strain 塑性应变 plastic zone塑性区 plasticity chart塑性图plasticity indexPI塑性指数Ipplate loading test平板载荷试验 point loading点荷载试验Poissons ratio泊松比poorly-graded soils不良级配土pore air pressure孔隙气压力pore water pressure(stress)孔隙水压力（应力）upore pressure(stress) parameters孔隙压力（应力）系数A、B pore pressure ratio孔隙压力比porewater孔隙水porosity孔隙率npreconsolidation pressure 先（前）期固结压力pc preloading method预压法pressure bulb压力泡 pressuremeter testPMT旁（横）压试验primary consolidation主固结 primary mineral原生矿物 principal stress主应力s1、s2、s3 principle of effective strress有效应力原理proctor compactiontest普罗克特击实试验 proportional limit load 比例界限荷载pprpumping test抽水试验 punching-shear failure冲切剪切破坏 Qquality of soil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、ms、 mwQuaternary deposit第四纪沉积层quicksand流砂现象 quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cq 、jqquickshear test快剪试验 RRadius of influence影响半径Rankines theory of earth pressure朗肯土压力理论 rate of settlement沉降速率 ratio of length to width长宽比m rebound modulus回弹摸量recompression curve再压缩曲线rectangular footing矩形基础red clay ,adamic earth红粘土regional soils 特殊性土，区域性土relative density RD相对密(实)度Dr residual deformation残余变形residual soils 残积土residual strength 残余强度rubble ，rubble-stone 块石 running sand流砂现象rupture surface破坏面Ssaline soil盐积土sand drain排水砂井sand particle content砂粒含量 sand boiling砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandy silt砂质粉土 sandy soils, sands 砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土) saturated density饱和密度sat saturated gravity density饱和重度gsatscale effect尺度效应screw plate loading testSPLT螺旋板载荷试验seasonally frozen soil季节冻土secondary compression （consolidation）index 次压缩（固结）指数Casecondary compression (consolidation) settlement ,creep settlement次压缩（固结）沉降sssecondary mineral次生矿物secondary red clay次生红粘土seepageflow 渗流（漏） seepage deformation 渗透变形 seepage failure 渗透破坏 seepage discharge渗流量Qseepage force渗流力（动水力）GD seepage line浸润线(渗流线)seepage velocity渗流速度v seepage path渗径verticale self weight (geostatic)stress (pressure)竖向自重应力（压力）cz 、csemiinfinite elastic半无限弹性体sensitivity灵敏度Stsettlement calculation depth沉降计算深度znshallow foundation 浅基础shape factor of foundation基础形状系数sc、sq、sg shear failure剪切破坏shear modulus剪切模量G shear resistance 剪阻力或抗剪力 shear strain剪应变shear strength抗剪强度tf shear strength envelope抗剪强度包线shear stress剪应力tsheet pile wall板桩墙shrinkage limitSL缩限wssieve analysis test筛分试验 silty clay粉质粘土silty sand粉砂silty soils,silts,mo粉土(粉性土、粉质土)single-grained structure单粒结构size fraction粒组slip surface滑动面slope stability土坡稳定性 slope wash,slope materials坡积土slow shear cohesion，angle of internal friction慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cs、jsslow(direct)shear test慢剪试验soft clay软粘土soft foundation 软弱地基soil土 soil classification土的分类soil cohesion， angle of internal friction 土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角jsoil dynamics土动力学 soil fabric土的组构soil flow流土soil mechanics土力学soil nailing土钉soil sampler取土器soil skeleton土骨架 soil structure and texture土的结构和构造 soil supporting layer，substrate 地基持力层、下卧层 soil，foundation and superstructure interaction 地基、基础与上部结构相互作用soils and Foundations 地基及基础 soils improvement 地基处理special soils特殊（性）土specific gravity of soil particles 土粒比重Gs specific penetration resistance 比贯入阻力psspecific surface比表面（积）split test劈裂试验(巴西试验) SPT blow count标准贯入试验锤击数Nsquare footing方形基础stabilityof foundation soil 地基稳定性stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability number稳定数Nsstability number method稳定数法standard penetration test SPT标准贯入试验static penetration testCPT静力触探试验static failure strength静力破坏强度sfstip foundation 条形基础Stokes law司笃克斯定律Stones,stoney soils碎石类土stress、strain 应力s、应变estress history，path,level 应力历史、路径、水平 stress concentration应力集中strength envelope 强度包线strength of active earth pressure主动土压力强度sastrength of passive earth pressure主动土压力强度spstrength of earth pressure at rest静止土压力强度s0strip load条形荷载subgrade路基、地基subgrade reaction地基反力superimposed pressure of foundation base基底平均附加压力p0superimposed stress （pressure）of subsoil地基附加应力(压力)szsurchargeload超载surface tension表面张力surface water地表水surface wave velocity method表面波法Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧法swelling force膨胀力swelling，expansion index 回弹(膨胀)指数Ceswelling ratio膨胀率syncline向斜Tgroundtable 地下水Terzaghis theory of one dimensional consolidation太沙