跨文化交际课程unit4.ppt

InterculturalCommunication Lecture4 verbalandnonverbalcommunication Review Addressing HowmanywaystoaddressLinellDavis ADoctorandaProfessorinNanjingUniversity Greetings howareyougettingon howarethingsgoing Visiting principlesinbusinessvisiting Compliments WhatarethedifferentwaysofcomplimentsbetweentheChineseandthewesterners PartingsThefixedCulturalAssumptionExpressionsofgratitudeandaplology Contents VerbalCommunication CulturallyloadedwordsCulturalreflectionsonproverbsandtaboosNonverbalCommunication TimelanguageSpacelanguageBodylanguageParalanguage Warm upcases verbalcommunication Case1ItissaidthatinRome infrontofashoestore therewassuchasigntoattractEnglish speakingcustomers Shoesforstreetwalking Comeinandhaveafit ThesigncaughttheattentionofmanyEnglish speakingtourists butnottolookattheshoesdisplayedinthewindows buttoreadthesignandthenbreakoutintolaughter TheItalianshopownerdidnotrealizethat astreetwalker meansaprostitute while tohaveafit doesnotmeantohaveatry buttobecomesuddenlyandviolentlyangryorupset Nowondertheamusementandlaughter Question WhydidtheItalianshopownermakesuchamistake Case2 RogerwasthePersonnelExecutive 人事执行员 ofalargeAmericanmultinationalfirm In1996 RogerwasworkinginBraziltohelppromotetheirbusiness Oneevening therewasaparty attendedbybothhisemployeesfromtheUnitedStatesandmanyBrazilianbusinesspeople Attheparty RogerbumpedintoRosalita aBrazilianwomanhehadknownforsometime RogergenerallyhadaverygoodimpressionofRosalitaandalwaysfeltateasewithher sothathefeltfreetotelljokesandsharepersonalthoughts andtalkaboutBrazilandBrazilianlifewithouthavingtheworriesofoffendingRosalita Duringtheparty RosalitasaidtoRoger I dliketointroduceyoutooneofmygoodfriends Sheisaverycapablewomanandispresentlythinkingofworkinginajointventuresoshecanprovideabetterlivingforherlargefamily Sheisverymuchinterestedinyourcompany Hearingthat Rogersmiledandreplied Ok butIjusthopeIdon tgethustled Unfortunately Roger sreplaymadeRosalitaquiteupset Verysoonsheexcusedherselfaspolitelyasshecould anddidnotspeakwithRogerfortherestoftheevening Questionfordiscussion RogerwasconfusedbyRosalita sbehavior Couldyougivehimanexplanation Comment Theproblemresultedfromthemisunderstandingoftheword hustle IncolloquialAmericanEnglish thereareatleasttwomeaningsfortheword hustle AsaPersonnelExecutiveofalargeAmericanmultinationalfirm Rogermusthaveattendedmanyparties Attheseparties hewillalwaysencounterpeopleeagertogetajobfromhiminhiscompany soheoftengetshustled ThisisjustwhatRogerwasimplyingtoRosalitaregardingherfriend Howevertheword hustle hasanothermeaninginwhichromanceorsexishinted RosalitamusthavethoughtRogerwasreferringtothisandconsidereditasaninsulttoherfriend Culturallyloadedwords Whatisculturallyloadedwords Loadedwordsandphrasesarethosewhichhavestrongemotionalovertones n 暗示 弦外音 寓意 orconnotations n 涵义 言外之意 andwhichevokestronglypositiveornegativereactionsbeyondtheirliteralmeaning CanyoufindtheequivalentwordsinEnglishfortheseChinesewords 龙 dragon干部 cadre社会科学 socialscienceorthehumanities Interpretations 1 龙InChineseculture itisatotemwithmanyroyalassociationsandasymbolofpowerandprosperity InEnglishculture dragonreferstohorrible disgustingmonsters 2 干部 InChineseculture itrepresentsasmallgroupofpeoplewhoarespeciallychosenandtrainedforaparticularpurpose InEnglishculture manypeopledon tknowwhatitmeans Itisnotacommonword ThereareSomeothersubstituteslikeofficial functionary administrator etc 4 社会科学 SocialSciencesinChinesecoversallthefieldsexcepttheonesinthenaturalscienceandappliedsciences Sameas thehumanities inEnglish WhileinEnglish socialsciences coverasmallerareaoflearning Itincludespoliticalscience economics history oftenclassifiedunderthehumanities andsociology Questionsfordiscussion Whatmakesthedifferentunderstandingsofthewordsthatareconsideredthesameinsurface Howcanwedefinetheword meaning AccordingtoSemantics themeaningofonecontentwordiscomposedof connotationmeaning and denotationmeaning Connotationmeaningisliteralmeaningwhiledenotationmeaningisassociatedwithsomesocialfactors suchas culture Proverbs TheproverbsthatwecanfindtheequalversionbothinChineseandEnglishManproposes Goddisposes尽人事 听天命 谋事在人 成事在天Itisasintostealapin勿以恶小而为之 勿以善小而不为Revengeisadishthatcouldbeeatencold君子报仇 十年不晚Everydoghasitsday风水轮流转 Theproverbsthatwecannotfindtheequalversions 良药苦口利于病 忠言逆耳利于行一人得道 鸡犬升天AnappleadaykeepsthedoctorawayLetsleepingdogslie LighteningneverstrikesthesameplacetwiceTherearemorethantwoChineseversions 福无双至 or祸不单行 or坏事不过二 Pleasechoosetheproperwordsforeachphrase harehorsesnailmousebeemuleasbusyasa asslowasa asstubbornasa astimidasa asstrongasa aspoorasachurch bee snail mule hare horse mouse Taboos Definition aculturalorreligiouscustomthatdoesnotallowpeopletodo useortalkaboutaparticularthingaspeoplefinditoffensiveorembarrassing Die GoordepartdepartfromthisworldgotoabetterworldgothewaysofallfleshpassawaylateInChinese wealsocanfindsimilareuphemisms 去了 离开了我们 辞世 去见马克思了 归西 升天 上路 NonverbalCommunication Whatisnonverbalcommunication Theprocessbywhichnonverbalbehaviorsareused eithersinglyorincombinationwithverbalbehaviors Functionsofnonverbalcommunication Case3Leftinthecold KatherinecametoBeijingin2010andfoundajobasanEnglishteacherinaforeignlanguageinstitute Soonafterherclassesbegan shefoundthatherstudentsshowednointerestinherteachingstyle Quiteafewofthemaviodedattendingherclass ShewasfeelingquiteupsetanddiscouragedsoshedecidedtoasktheDirector Prof Wang forhelp Prof Wangreviewedhistimetableandsuggestedtheymeetatteno clockonThursdaymorning WhenThursdaycame KatherinearrivedatProf Wang sofficeattheexactlyteno clockfindinghimtalkingwithanotherteacherinChinese Seeingthatshehadcome Prof Wangsmiledandgesturedhertositdown Katherinesatdownandtheprofessorexcusedhimselfandcontinuedtotalkwiththeotherteacher Afterfiveminutes hefinishedhisconversation andapologizedtokatherine andbegantofocushisattentiononhersituation Prof Wangshowedgreatconcernandaskedherwhattheproblemwas Justasshewasdiscussingherproblem anotherChineseteacherinterrupted withaformthatrequiredtheDirector ssignature TheDirectorsmiled apologizedtoKatherineagain andturnedtotalkwiththeChineseteacherinChinese katherinebecameimpatient andwonderedwhytheirdiscussionshouldbeinterruptedsinceshehadmadeanappointment Also shewasupsetandfrustratedthattheycontinued shewasapparentlyunhappyaboutwhathadhappened HowshouldyouexplaintheDirector sbehaviortowardKatherine HowwouldyoumaketheDirectorunderstandwhyKatherinefeltfrustratedandangry Fourtypesofnonverbalcommunication TimelanguageMonochronicTime punctualityandpromptnessItisusuallyfoundinNorthernAmerican WesternandNorthernEuropeanCultures PolychronicTime moreflexibleandhuman centeredItisusuallyfoundinLatinAmerican African ArabandmostAsiancultures Spacelanguage Spatiallanguagereferstobodydistanceandbodytouch Theyvarywithdifferentcultures Let stakethenorthAmericanZonesofSpaceforexample 1 Intimatedistance 0 45centimeters 2 Personaldistance 45 80centimeters friends acquaintancesandrelatives 3 Socialdistance 1 30meters 3meters colleagues busniesspartner socialgatherings 4 Publicdistance fartherthan2or3meters generallyforspeakersinpublicandforteachersinclassrooms Bodydistanceindifferentcultures ShortMediterraneanEuropeansNorthernEuropeansJapaneseMediumLatinsAmericansLongMediterraneanArabs TouchCultureVS Non touchCulture TouchCulture CulturesofArabs SouthernandWesternEuropeans JewsandLatinsNon touchCulture CulturesofAmericans NorthernEuropeansandOrientals BodyLanguage Bodylanguagereferstothenon verbalbehaviorrelatedtomovement eitherofanypartofthebody orthebodyasawhole Inshortallcommunicativebodymovementsaregenerallyclassifiedasbodylanguage Itcanbeclassifiedintofivetypes posture gestures facialexpression eyecontactandsmell 1 posture Whatdoestheirposturemeans Thesamepostureindifferentcultures InUS thisposturemeanscomfortableandfriendly InArabandThailand thesoleshouldneverbepointedinthedirectionofanotherperson InGermany SwedenorChina itisasignofrudenessandpoormaners 2 gestures Ifwewanttopointtoobjectsandpeople wehavedifferentwaysindifferentculturesasfollowing InGerman weusethegestureonleftpictureandthegestureonrightpictureinJapantoconveythesamemeanig US thisgestureisOKInChina thisgestureisrude LatinAmericancountriesandGermany obscene US OK Tunisian Iwillkillyou JapanandKorea money Arabs abaringofteeth extremehostility Noddingthehead InnorthAmerica upanddown IagreeIntheMiddleEastNoddingtheheaddown Iagreeup IdisagreeInJapan Iamlistening Signoftellingsbtocomecloser Chinese American 3 Facialexpressions SadnessMediterraneancoultures exaggeratesignsofgrieforsadness mencryinginpublicAmerican suppresstheemotionsJapanese hideexpressionsofanger sorrow ordisappointment laughingorsmilingChinese controlemotions savingface Smile American asignofhappinessorfriendlyaffirmationJapanese maskanemotionoravoidansweringaquestionKorean toomuchsmilingashallowpersonThailand thelandofSmiles 4 Eyecontact NorthAmericans directeyecontactmeansasignofhonestyIfnot asignofuntruthfulness shameorembarrassmentChinese avoidlongdirecteyecontacttoshowpoliteness orrespect orobedienceJapanese prolongedeyecontactisconsideredrude threateninganddisrespectful LatinAmericanandCaribbeanpeople avoidasignofrespect 5 Smell Filipinos sensory informationgatheringAmericans feelumcomfortablewithnaturalsmellsManyothercultures naturalodorisnormal Paralanguage Voicemodulationcarriesverystrongemotionalovertones Tempoinspeechalsoillustratesculturalvariationandcanserveasanemotionalindicatio