跨文化交际公选课复习资料.doc

第一部分 谚语翻译不劳不获 No pains, no gains.眼不见,心不烦 Out of sight, out of mind.有志者事竟成 Where there is a will there is a way.三思而后行 Look before you leap.物以类聚,人以群分 Birds of a feather flock together.人多好办事 Many hands make light work.趁热打铁 Strike while the iron is hot.人靠衣装马靠鞍。 Clothesmaketheman哑巴狗最危险。 Dumbdogsaredangerous孩子不打不成器。 Spare the rod and spoil the child.傻人有傻福。o Fortune favors fools.熟能生巧。 Practice makes perfect.眼见为实。 Seeing is believing.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 As a man sows, so he shall reap.欲速则不达。 Haste makes waste.来得容易去得快。 Easy come, easy go.艺术是永恒的，生命是短暂的。 Art is long, life is short.夸夸其谈，所成不多。 Great boast, small roast.有情人终成眷属。 All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.好事不出门，坏事传千里。 Bad news has wings凡人皆有死。 Death will have his day.王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。 Every cook praises his own broth（肉汤）.好事多磨。 Roses have thorns.英雄所见略同。 Great minds think alike.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。 Rome was not built in a day.第二部分 英汉动物词语的比喻和联想1. Pigeat like a pig 吃的很多,吃相不好He had been a pig about money. 他对钱贪得无厌make a pig of oneself 吃得过多pig out 饭量大buy a pig in a poke 乱买东西,盲目跟从2. Snakesnake in ones/the bosom 忘恩负义的人snake in the grass 阴险小人3. Chicken He is not a chicken! He just doesnt want to offend anyone! 他不是胆小鬼,他只是不想得罪任何人。4. DogEverydoghashisday人人皆有得意日.agaydog 快活的人、好玩的人top dog 有优势的人或团体sea dog 老练的水手a lucky dog 幸运的人Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌，爱吾及犬5. MagpieNo wonder my phone bills are so high. When my daughter talks to her friends she chatters like a magpie for hours. 难怪我的电话帐单的费用会这么高，我女儿一给她的朋友打电话就要无休止地讲上几个小时。This young man is really a magpie. 这个年轻人真是饶舌。6. DragonThe woman in charge of the accounts department is an absolute dragon.(母夜叉)7. Bull/Calfa bull in a china shop 鲁莽闯祸的人like a bull at a gate 狂怒凶悍John Bull 约翰牛(英国人的绰号)calf 牛犊When she returned from abroad, the family put on a party they really killed the fatted calf for her. 她从国外回来时，家里开了个聚会，实际上他们是设宴为她接风。8. CatI suppose she will tell all the people, the old cat. 我猜想她会告说所有的人，这个长舌的老太婆！He is one of the literary fat cat. 他是文学界的显赫人物。第三部分 “颜色”在语言中的运用1. Whitea white lie善意的谎言; white-coffee加了牛奶的咖啡；white-collar:从事脑力劳动的管理阶层;white-elephant昂贵而又无用之物;white-flag:承认失败并愿意停战；white-goods:大件家用商品，像洗衣机;white-hope:团队、组织等被寄予厚望的人;white-horses:大海中的白浪White-Paper:英国政府在某项法律出台前要做的计划解释;2. Blackblack lies 指“昧良心的谎言”；black humor, black comedy指“以幽默的方式对待讨厌的或者是可怕的事物,如凶杀”；in black and white“黑白分明”；black guard“无赖，恶棍”; black eye指“被打成的青肿眼眶”；black list指“被组织或政府列为不被接受或排除在外的人、公司、产品或国家” black mail指“勒索，敲诈”；black mark指“记录在案的或留在别人印象中的污点”；black market指“对外币或难以获取的物品进行交易的市场的称谓即黑市”；black sheep指“害群之马”3. Redred-letter day喜庆节日red-roll红榜roll out the red carpet of someone隆重欢迎be in red/ go into the red; 赤字,负债，亏空a red rag to a bull指激起人愤怒的事物see/turn red指大发脾气，大怒4. Yellowyellow ribbon欢迎、期待远方亲人归来之意yellow skin 是美国人对亚洲人的轻蔑的称呼turn yellow指“胆怯”; yellow dog指“卑鄙下流的人”; yellow around the gills指“因病或害怕脸色变得苍白”; yellow looks形容一个人多疑的神情。5. Greengreen tomatoes 指果实“没有成熟的，青的，生的”; green hand 指“缺少经验的，幼稚的，不成熟的”；look green 指“人脸色苍白，无血色的”；green tourism/ lifestyle 指“环境保护的，赞成环境保护的”green with envy指“妒忌，眼红”,不能按照汉语中的“眼红”来翻译成 “red eyed”。green finger/thumb指“园艺技能、种植技能”;green house指 “温室”;6. Bluethe blue blood 代表着出身名门贵族blue-collar 指“从事体力劳动的阶层”blue 还表达“心情忧郁、沉闷”，feel blue；a blue movie指“黄片”；7. Purpleborn to the purple 表明正统出身，以别于靠其他手段获得王位的君主。第四部分 术语解释1. Verbal communication Verbal communication refers to the communication that it is carried out either in oral or in written form with the use of words2. Non-verbal communicationIt refers to communication through a whole variety of different types f signal come into play, including the way we more, the gestures we employ, the posture we adopt, the facial expression we wear, the direction of our gaze, to the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand from each other.3. Culture shock It is a psychological phenomenon that is experienced most often by those who, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, in the process of adjusting themselves to a new culture.4. Privacy It could be understood as the right of an individual to self-determination as to the degree to which the individual is willing to share with others information about himself that may be compromised by unauthorized exchange of such information among other individuals or organizations.5. Slang Words and expressions which are regarded as very informal and so are not considered suitable for formal social situations or serious writing.6. Collectivist culture Collectivist cultures place little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. They have been labeled as “we” cultures because basic unit is the in-group or collective. 7. Proverb Proverbs are those popular short sayings containing words of advice or warningare an important part of the language and culture of a society.8. Intercultural communicationIntercultural Communication means communication between people from different cultural backgrounds.9. Individual Culture Individuals tend to define themselves by the extent to which they are different from, rather than similar to other. People are encouraged to display self-confidence and assertiveness, disclosure of personal thoughts and feelings.10. Culture Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.第五部分 简答题1. What are the four stages of culture shock?The four stages of culture shock are the honeymoon, the hostility stage, the recovery stage and the adjustment stage.2. Describe the different ways in showing hospitality between Chinese culture and western culture. Chinese guests always refuse offer of drinks or food to demonstrate politeness in seeming not to wish to put their host to any trouble. Sometimes an offer is not a real offer but a polite remark. After we say no, we usually wait for the second and third offer. If the host just brings the food or drink and ignores no, we will accept it. Chinese like to press their guests to drink or eat to show their hospitality while westerners always accept or refuse offer of drinks or food very genuinely. Their refusal is accepted as genuine. Westerners dont to press. To press people to have food or drink after they have refused is frowned upon and can cause embarrassments.3. What are the differences on receiving gifts between Chinese and westerner? In the West, it is regarded as polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to express appreciation. In China, the situation is quite the reverse. Normally we Chinese feel that if you open the gift as soon as it is given, you might embarrass the person who gives the gift and you might be thought greedy. Therefore, Chinese people tend to open the gifts after the visitors have left. In China, many people send gifts without wrapping them, and if they wrap them, they usually tell the receiver what is inside, and the receiver will thank the sender and put the gift aside without unwrapping them since they already know what is inside. English receivers open the gifts in front of the senders of the gifts.4. Why do many Chinese people tend to ask about age, martial status, and even salary when first meeting one another? To them, these are open conversational topics. Knowing a persons age helps them use appropriate terms of address. And Chinese people pay a lot of attention to family life, so naturally talk of family members features as a common topic. As to salary, since there is a national system of salaries, people usually dont consider it a secret and they talk about it openly.5. What is the significance of Nonverbal Communication? There are at least three reasons: (1)Nonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we get from conversations. (2)Nonverbal behavior spontaneously reflects the sub-consciousness. (3)We cannot avoid communicating through nonverbal signals.Besides, nonverbal behavior is significant because nonverbal communication can be open to many interpretations.6. How do people from different cultures understand “silence”? The use of silence in communication is different from culture to culture. Silence can communicate agreement, apathy, awe, confusion, contemplation, disagreement, embarrassment, obligation, regret, repressed hostility, respect, sadness, thoughtfulness, or any number of meanings. In eastern cultures, silence has long been regarded as a virtue. While in western cultures, silence has generally been considered socially disagreeable. To most people in the United States, silence means lack of attention and lack of initiative. To the Chinese, silence means agreement.7. What are the characteristics in naming Chinese Given Names? There have existed differences in naming given names to male and female throughout the Chinese history. If we get down to the classifications of the Given Names according to the different sexes, it is not difficult to